Moulay Abdallah Mosque
The minaret of the Moulay Abdallah Mosque.
Religion
Sect(Maliki) Sunni
Location
LocationFes, Morocco
Geographic coordinates34°03′24.9″N 4°59′38.6″W / 34.056917°N 4.994056°W / 34.056917; -4.994056
Architecture
Typemosque
StyleMoroccan, Islamic
FounderSultan Moulay Abdallah
Date established18th century
Minaret(s)1

The Moulay Abdallah Mosque or Mosque of Moulay Abdallah is a major mosque and royal necropolis complex situated in the center of the Moulay Abdallah district in Fes el-Jdid, the historic palace-city and citadel in Fes, Morocco. It was founded by the Alaouite sultan Moulay Abdallah (ruled intermittently between 1729 and 1757) who is buried in the adjoining necropolis along with later members of the dynasty.[1][2][3]

Overview

The mosque is located Fes el-Jdid ("New Fes"), which was originally a royal citadel and administrative city founded in 1276 by the Marinid dynasty.[1] Fes el-Jdid originally housed many of the sultan's troops and it also continued to house the royal palace up to modern times. In the 17th century the Alaouite sultan Moulay Rashid built the large Kasbah Cherarda north of Fes el-Jdid in order to house his tribal troops,[1] which in turn liberated new space in the city. This included the northwestern area of Fes el-Jdid which then became the Moulay Abdallah neighbourhood from the early 18th century onward.[4]: 296  This is where Sultan Moulay Abdallah (ruled 1729–1757) erected the mosque and where he himself was buried after his death.[3]

The mosque also once had madrasa which offered initial training (in Qur'anic studies) to less-educated students before they went on to study at the al-Qarawiyyin University.[1]: 463  An old historic hammam is (or was) also located just west of the mosque.[3]

Royal necropolis

Separate entrance doorway to the necropolis on the Mosque's southern side

The necropolis occupies the southern portion of the mosque complex and consists of two courtyards, a prayer room, and the burial room itself.[5]: 127  According to Henri Bressolette, the necropolis existed as far back as the 17th century, but it was reworked into its current form by Muhammad ibn Abd ar-Rahman in the mid-19th century (before his accession to the throne in 1859, while he was still serving as deputy under his father Abd al-Rahman).[6] Sultan Abdallah was interred here.[3] His immediate successors, however, were buried in other locales: Mohammed III (d. 1790)[7] and Hassan I (d. 1894) in Rabat,[8] Yazid (d. 1792) at the Saadian Tombs in Marrakesh,[9] Abd al-Rahman (d. 1859) at the Mausoleum of Moulay Ismail in Meknes,[10] and Muhammad IV (d. 1873) in the Alaouite ancestral home of Tafilalt.[11]

The use of the Moulay Abdallah Mosque as a necropolis of the Alaouite dynasty was revived when Sultan Youssef was buried here in 1927,[3] followed by his deposed predecessors Abdelhafid in 1937 and Abdelaziz in 1943 respectively.[6] The tradition was again discontinued as later rulers Mohammed V (d. 1961) and Hassan II (d. 1999) have been buried in Rabat, at the Mausoleum of Mohammed V erected in 1961-1971 near the Hassan Tower.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Le Tourneau, Roger (1949). Fès avant le protectorat: étude économique et sociale d'une ville de l'occident musulman. Casablanca: Société Marocaine de Librairie et d'Édition. pp. 88, 98, 463.
  2. ^ Marçais, Georges (1954). L'architecture musulmane d'Occident. Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques. p. 391.
  3. ^ a b c d e Maslow, Boris (1937). Les mosquées de Fès et du nord du Maroc. Paris: Éditions d'art et d'histoire. pp. 86–91.
  4. ^ Métalsi, Mohamed (2003). Fès: La ville essentielle. Paris: ACR Édition Internationale. ISBN 978-2867701528.
  5. ^ Joseph Luccioni (1972), "L'avènement de Sidi Mohammed Ben Youssef au trône du Maroc (1927)", Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée: 123–130
  6. ^ a b Bressolette, Henri (2016). A la découverte de Fès. L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2343090221.
  7. ^ Archives marocaines: publication de la Mission scientifique du Maroc (in French). Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion. 1906. p. 102.
  8. ^ Pennell, C. R. (2000). Morocco Since 1830: A History. NYU Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-8147-6677-4.
  9. ^ Deverdun, Gaston (1959). Marrakech: Des origines à 1912. Rabat: Éditions Techniques Nord-Africaines. p. 407.
  10. ^ Salmon, Xavier (2016). Marrakech: Splendeurs saadiennes: 1550-1650. Paris: LienArt. p. 270. ISBN 9782359061826.
  11. ^ Pellat, Ch. (1993). "sayyidī/sīdī Muḥammad IV b. 'Abd al-Raḥmān". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 392. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2.
  12. ^ "CNN - Morocco's King Hassan buried as thousands mourn - July 25, 1999". www.cnn.com. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
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