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((For|the butterfly with this name|Leptophobia aripa((!))''Leptophobia aripa''))
((More citations needed|date=December 2009))
((short description|White settlers of the rural Appalachian Mountains in the United States))
((Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Mountain white
| image            = Kentucky-moonshiner-harpers1.jpg
| image_caption    = Kentucky moonshiner depicted in ''[[Harper's Weekly]]''
| total            = <!-- total population worldwide -->
| total_year       = <!-- year of total population -->
| total_source     = <!-- source of total population; may be ''census'' or ''estimate'' -->
| total_ref        = <!-- references supporting total population -->
| genealogy        =
| regions          = [[Appalachia]] <!-- for e.g. a list of regions (countries), especially if regionN etc below not used -->
| region1          =  <!-- first region (country)'s name -->
| pop1             =  <!-- population in first region -->
| ref1             =  <!-- <ref>erence/s supporting pop1 data -->
| region2 =
| pop2 =
| ref2 =
| languages =
| religions =
| related_groups = [[White Southerners]], [[Poor White]], [[Scotch-Irish Americans]]
| footnotes =
))
'''Mountain whites''' were [[white Americans]] (usually [[poor whites|poor]]) living in [[Appalachia]] and the [[Upland South|inland region]] of the [[Antebellum South]]. They were generally small farmers, who inhabited the valleys of the [[Appalachian Mountains|Appalachian range]] from western Virginia spanning down to northern Georgia and northern Alabama.<ref>Kennedy, David M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas Andrew Bailey. The American pageant: a history of the Republic. 13th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2006. Print.</ref>

==History==
((further|Overmountain Men|Trans-Appalachia))
((Unsourced|section|date=March 2023))
They were often isolated from the rest of Southern society and civilization during the [[Antebellum South]] (1783–1861). Because of this, few owned slaves and many were more likely to be critical of slavery. As independent small farmers living on the harsh [[American frontier]], their interests were starkly different from those of white Southerners that lived on commercial [[plantation]]s or in large cities. They were also able to retain many of their [[Customary law|customs]], which they brought over from their [[Europe]]an roots, that had long since died out.((cn|date=March 2023))

Mountain whites generally despised the [[aristocratic]] structure found in much of the [[Deep South]], where rich slave-owning planters controlled legislatures and stood as cultural heroes and figures for most southerners. During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], some communities of mountain whites were deeply split by those who identified with the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] and those who identified with the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]]. [[Southern Unionists|Pro-Union]] attitudes were likelier to prevail in the [[Upland South]] where mountain whites lived, where in the case of western Virginia, this sentiment was seen as one of the leading causes of [[West Virginia]]'s secession from the rest of the state.((cn|date=March 2023))

Mountain whites also developed their own styles of music which borrowed from Scottish and Irish tradition as many were of [[Scotch-Irish American|Scots-Irish descent]]. The music of mountain whites contributed heavily to the formation of what would become [[bluegrass music]].((cn|date=March 2023))

==Identity==
((further|Appalachian Americans|Country (identity)))
People classified as "Mountain whites" during the time of the Antebellum South were noted for their impoverished conditions. They were also noted for putting cultural importance on [[Folk religion|folk magic]], old European [[Folk music|folk songs]], and their [[Appalachian English|unique dialect]].<ref>((cite journal|title=The Black South and White Appalachia|issue=4|pages=832–849|journal=The Journal of American History|volume=66|jstor=1887639|last1=Klotter|first1=James C.|year=1980|doi=10.2307/1887639))</ref>

==See also==
((Portal|United States))
*[[American ethnicity]]
*[[Culture of the Southern United States]]
*[[Great Wagon Road]]
*[[Hillbilly]]
*[[Melungeon]]
*[[Poor White]]
*[[Redneck]]
*[[Social and economic stratification in Appalachia]]
*[[Tuckahoes and Cohees]]

==References==
((Reflist))

((Appalachian people))
((White people))

[[Category:Appalachian culture]]
[[Category:European-American culture in Appalachia]]
[[Category:Antebellum South]]
[[Category:Poverty in the United States]]
[[Category:Rural society in the United States]]
[[Category:Scotch-Irish American history]]
[[Category:White Americans]]
[[Category:19th century in the United States]]

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