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((Short description|Turkmen politician (1922–1999)))
((More citations needed|date=April 2022))
((Family name hatnote|Gapurowiç|Gapurow|lang=Eastern Slavic))
((Use dmy dates|date=February 2023))
((Use British English|date=February 2023))
((Infobox officeholder
| name                = Muhammetnazar Gapurow
| image               = 
| caption             = 
| office              = [[Secretary (title)|First Secretary]] of the [[Central Committee]] of the [[Communist Party of Turkmenistan]]
| term_start          = 24 December 1969
| term_end            = 21 December 1985
| predecessor         = [[Balyş Öwezow]]
| successor           = [[Saparmyrat Nyýazow]]
| birth_name          = Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow
| birth_date          = ((birth date|1922|2|15|df=yes))
| birth_place         = [[Türkmenabat|Charjou]], Turkmen SSR<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] for further guidance -->, Soviet Union<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] for further guidance -->
| death_date          = ((death date and age|1999|7|13|1922|2|15|df=yes))
| death_place         = Berzengi, [[Ashgabat]], Turkmenistan<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] for further guidance -->
| nationality         = Turkmen
| occupation          = Politician
| military_data1      = 
| allegiance          = ((flag|Soviet Union))
| rank                = [[File:Rank_insignia_of_старший_сержант_of_the_Soviet_Army.svg|20px]] [[Staff sergeant]]
| serviceyears        = 1941–1944
| battles             = [[World War II]]
| branch              = [[Red Army]]
))

'''Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow'''((Efn|Also known by his name transliterated from Russian, '''Mukhammetnazar Kapurovich Kapurov''' (((lang-rus|link=no|Мухамметназар Капурович Капуров))))) (((Lang-tk|Мухамметназар Гапурович Гапуров)); 15 February 1922((spaced ndash))13 July 1999) was a Turkmen politician who was the [[General Secretary|first secretary]] of the [[Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR]] from 1969 until 1985. He spent his entire career in the [[Komsomol]] and Communist Party apparatus, becoming the republic's most influential politician for almost two decades in the [[Brezhnev era]].

==Early life and career==
((Unreferenced section|date=April 2022))
Gapurow was born in a small village close to Charjou, Charjou Oblast (now [[Türkmenabat]], Lebap Province<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] for further guidance -->). In December 1941, he was drafted into the army, serving as the commander of a gunners' section in the 88th Separate Rifle Brigade of the [[Central Asian Military District]]. From 1941 to 1944, he was on active duty in the [[Red Army]] during [[World War II]]. In 1948, he joined the Communist Party ''nomenklatura'' as head of the Propaganda Department at the district level in Charjou oblast and gradually climbed the party ladder. He graduated from the Pedagogical Institute in Ashkhabad in 1954. From 1951 to 1955, he worked as first secretary of the Komsomol organisation, and later he held various party posts before assuming the republic's leadership.

==Leadership of Turkmenistan==
((Unreferenced section|date=April 2022))
In 1969, he was appointed first secretary of the Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR. During his time in office, the republic received considerable investment in its modernisation of the gas and oil sectors, and living standards rose significantly for the general population. However, excessive centralised control over economic development and macroeconomic mismanagement led to a stagnation of economic growth in most sectors of the republic's economy in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Gapurow's era also witnessed further growth in nepotism, regional rivalries and corruption.

In 1985, the incoming general secretary, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], removed Gapurow from his post due to a cotton-related corruption scandal and sent him into retirement.

==Later life==
He never returned to the political arena and held several minor positions in the late 1980s. He wrote several books and articles during the Soviet era, mainly on Communist Party and Turkmenistan development issues. In the 1990s, he began writing his memoirs but they were unfinished when he died on 13 July 1999.<ref>((cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/Гапуров |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921171052/http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/159564/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 |archive-date=21 September 2016 |title=Гапуров - это... Что такое Гапуров? |language=ru |trans-title=))</ref> He was known to have one son, Batyr, who died of cardiac arrest in September 2015 at the age of 61.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.hronikatm.com/2015/09/v-ashhabade-skonchalis-potomki-byivshih-rukovoditeley-turkmenskoy-ssr/|title=В Ашхабаде скончались потомки бывших руководителей Туркменской ССР|date=28 September 2015|website=Хроника Туркменистана |language=ru |trans-title=Descendants of former leaders of the Turkmen SSR die in Ashgabat))</ref>

== Notes ==
((Notelist))

==References==
((reflist))

==Sources==
*Abazov, Rafis. ''Historical Dictionary of Turkmenistan'', p.&nbsp;64-5. Scarecrow Press, 2005, ((ISBN|0-8108-5362-0)).

==External links==
*[http://rulers.org/sovrep.html Rulers of Soviet Republics]
*[http://proekt-wms.narod.ru/states/gapurov-mg.htm Russian biographies project]

((start box))
((s-ppo))
((succession box|before=[[Balyş Öwezow]]|title=[[Secretary (title)|First Secretary]] of the [[Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR]]|years=1969((spaced ndash))1985|after=[[Saparmyrat Nyýazow]]))
((end box))

((Heads of government of Turkmenistan))
((Prime Ministers of Turkmenistan))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Gapurow, Muhammetnazar))
[[Category:Soviet military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Türkmenabat]]
[[Category:First secretaries of the Communist Party of Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Candidates of the Central Committee of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour]]
[[Category:Sixth convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities]]
[[Category:Seventh convocation members of the Soviet of the Union]]
[[Category:Eighth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union]]
[[Category:Ninth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union]]
[[Category:Tenth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union]]
[[Category:Eleventh convocation members of the Soviet of the Union]]
[[Category:Heads of government of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:People's commissars and ministers of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic]]

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