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((Short description|Hospital under the control of a local government))
((more citations needed|date=January 2017))
A '''Municipal hospital''' is a [[hospital]] under the control of a [[local government]], as opposed to those run commercially, by some sort of charitable organisation, or by national or state governments.

In many countries the different sorts of organisations exist together.  Sometimes the different types are in some way complementary.  Municipal hospitals commonly offer services free or at low cost for the poorer members of their community.  Local authorities in urban areas commonly built hospitals in the nineteenth century either to deal with the threat of smallpox or as shelters for the poor and homeless.  Psychiatric hospitals were often established by local government.

==Argentina==
The [[Hospital Borda|Municipal Hospital of José Tiburcio Borda]], the largest and most notable psychiatric hospital in the country, was founded in 1863.  The Hospital Fernández was founded in 1889 as the Municipal [[syphilis]] hospital in Buenos Aires.  There is a Municipal Hospital Health Network.

==Brazil==
34% of Brazil's hospitals are public, being either Federal, State or Municipal.

==Canada==
[[Saskatoon City Hospital]]  opened in 1909, and was the second municipal hospital in Canada. The 1919 Municipal Hospitals Act in Alberta was designed to encourage the provision of hospitals in rural areas.<ref>((cite book|last1=Marchildon|first1=Gregory|title=Making Medicare|date=2012|publisher=University of Toronto|location=Toronto|isbn=9781442613454|page=185|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r7oKUZoaksIC&q=1919+Municipal+Hospitals+Act%2C&pg=PA184|accessdate=4 January 2017))</ref>

The city of [[Lethbridge]]  Built a municipal hospital in 1955 <ref>((cite news | last = Doerksen | first = Lisa | title = City's hospital history has a storied past | work = SunTimes | pages = 1–2 | publisher = Lethbridge Herald | date = 2006-12-27))</ref>

==China==
Beijing Municipal Healthcare Bureau runs [[Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital]].   Shenzhen municipal government constructed and provided funding for the [[University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital]], which opened in 2012.

==Denmark==

[[Aarhus Municipal Hospital]] was established in 1893.  It merged with three other hospitals in 2004.<ref name="jmhs">((cite web|url=http://www.jmhs.dk/index.htm |title=Århus Kommunehospital |publisher=Jydsk Medicinhistorisk Selskab |language=Danish |accessdate=16 March 2016 |archive-url=http://www.jmhs.dk/History/HistoryAarhusKommunehospital.htm |archive-date=2016-03-16 |url-status=live ))</ref>  [[Copenhagen Municipal Hospital]] was built in 1863 after the [[1853 Copenhagen cholera outbreak]] and operated by Copenhagen Municipality until it was closed in 2009.

==Finland==
[[Oulu University Hospital]] is one of many municipal hospitals in Finland.  It is run by Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District, which also runs two other hospitals.

==Germany==
The municipal hospitals in Aachen became university hospitals in 1966.

==India==

[[Cama Hospital]] was established in 1893, and is one of a large network of municipal hospitals run by [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]].  [[Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research]] in [[Gujarat]] was established in 2000.  [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] and [[Nagpur Municipal Corporation]] also run hospitals.

==Japan==
Japan has a [[List of hospitals in Japan|number of municipal hospitals]].

==Romania==
Romania had municipal hospitals dating from the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. [[Arad County Clinical Hospital]]  dates from 1775.

==Switzerland==
[[Triemli Hospital]] is owned and run by the city of [[Zürich]]

==Taiwan==
Taiwan has a [[List of hospitals in Taiwan|substantial network]] of municipal hospitals including the [[Central Clinic Hospital]].

==United Kingdom==

In the United Kingdom, the [[Metropolitan Poor Act 1867]] ([[30 & 31 Vict.]] c. 6) established the first municipal hospitals in London under the [[Metropolitan Asylums Board]]. The [[Local Government Act 1929]] empowered local authorities to appropriate infirmaries and fever hospitals from [[Poor law union]]s and abolished the Metropolitan Asylums Board, whose hospitals were transferred to the control of the [[London County Council]] as in the rest of the country. The intention was that hospitals could change “from an institution to which people went because they were poor to a hospital to which people went because they were sick,” but the act was permissive, rather than mandatory. Local councils were not obliged to use its powers.   Poor Law Unions did not match local authorities boundaries so not all councils had a hospital in their area. It was not uncommon for a workhouse and Poor Law infirmary in one Public Assistance Institution to share a site, as in Manchester, Darlington and Hastings. By 1935 37 of the 79 county boroughs in England had made some expenditure on general hospitals. There was an increase from 15,765 hospital beds in the public sector in 1931, to 30,264 in 1938 - 66.8% of all hospital beds.<ref>((cite journal|last1=Levene|first1=Alysa|last2=Powell|first2=Martin|last3=Stewart|first3=John|title=The Development of Municipal General Hospitals in English County Boroughs in the 1930s|journal=Medical History|date=January 2006|volume=1|issue=50|pages=3–28|pmc=1369011|pmid=16502869|doi=10.1017/s002572730000942x))</ref>

The municipal hospitals were taken over by the [[National Health Service]] in July 1948.

==United States==

The [[New York City Department of Hospitals]] built Bellevue Hospital as an infirmary for smallpox and other contagious diseases on the top floor of a public workhouse in 1776.  It now operates 11 hospitals across the city.

The [[District of Columbia General Hospital]] was established in 1806 but closed in 2001.

[[Lake Taylor Transitional Care Hospital]] was established by Norfolk City Council, in Virginia, in 1890.  It is still managed by a Board of Commissioners appointed by the Norfolk City Council.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.poorhousestory.com/poorhouses_in_virginia.htm |title=Virginia Poorhouse History | date= |accessdate=2012-06-25))</ref>

[[Fairfield Hills Hospital|Fairfield State Hospital]] in Connecticut  was owned and operated by the State of Connecticut Department of Mental Health from 1931 until 1995.

[[Jefferson Davis Hospital]] operated from 1924 to 1938 and was the first centralized municipal hospital to treat indigent patients in [[Houston]], [[Texas]].<ref name=protection>((cite web|last1=Freemantle|first1=Jeff|title=Old Jeff Davis Hospital gets Long-term Protection|url=http://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/columnists/chronicles/article/Old-Jeff-Davis-Hospital-gets-long-term-protection-5008444.php|website=houstonchronicle.com|date=25 November 2013 |publisher=Houston Chronicle|accessdate=13 July 2014))</ref>

[[Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center]] was run by the City of Baltimore until 1984.

==Vietnam==

Municipal hospitals were founded in Vietnam during the French colonial rule.  [[Chợ Rẫy Hospital]], the largest general hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, was founded as the Hôpital Municipal de Cholon in 1900.


==References==
((reflist))

((Hospital articles|state=expanded))

[[Category:Municipal hospitals| *]]

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