Posthumous name
Great King Gangjeong Myeongdae Jangseong Inhyo 강정명대장성인효대왕 (剛定明大章聖仁孝大王)
Temple name
Munjong (문종, 文宗)

House

Wang

Dynasty

Goryeo

Father

Hyeonjong of Goryeo

Mother

Queen Wonhye

Birth name
Korean name
Hangul	문 종
Hanja	文宗
Revised Romanization	Munjong
McCune–Reischauer	Munjong
Hangul	왕 휘
Hanja	王徽
Revised Romanization	Wang Hwi
McCune–Reischauer	Wang Hwi
Courtesy name
Hangul	촉 유
Hanja	燭幽
Revised Romanization	Chogyu
McCune–Reischauer	Ch'okyu
Posthumous name
Hangul	인 효 대왕
Hanja	仁孝大王
Revised Romanization	Inhyo Daewang
McCune–Reischauer	Inh'yo Taewang

Munjong of Goryeo (29 December 1019 – 2 September 1083), personal name Wang Hwi, was the 11th monarch of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea.

King Munjong was born in 1019 and reigned from 1046 until his death in 1083. During his reign, the central government of Goryeo gained complete authority and power over local lords.^[1] Munjong, and later kings, emphasized the importance of civilian leadership over the military. Munjong expanded Korea's borders northward to the Yalu and Tumen Rivers and built many forts to guard the northern border.^[2]

Munjong's fourth son, Uicheon (born 1055), became a Buddhist priest who founded the Cheontae as an independent school of Buddhism. During Munjong's reign, academic physician officers (hallimuigwan) first appeared in Goryeo, and Goryeo's medicinal exams were often used as a pathway by the commoners for societal advancement.^[3] Additionally, during Munjong's reign many Chinese medicine books entered Goryeo through the Song Dynasty of China.^[4]

Family

Goryeo
Monarchs of Korea
Taejo 918–943 Hyejong 943–945 Jeongjong (定宗) 945–949 Gwangjong 949–975 Gyeongjong 975–981 Seongjong 981–997 Mokjong 997–1009 Hyeonjong 1009–1031 Deokjong 1031–1034 Jeongjong (靖宗) 1034–1046 Munjong 1046–1083 Sunjong 1083 Seonjong 1083–1094 Heonjong 1094–1095 Sukjong 1095–1105 Yejong 1105–1122 Injong 1122–1146 Uijong 1146–1170 Myeongjong 1170–1197 Sinjong 1197–1204 Huijong 1204–1211 Gangjong 1211–1213 Gojong 1213–1259 Wonjong 1259–1274 Chungnyeol 1274–1308 Chungseon 1308–1313 Chungsuk 1313–1330; 1332–1339 Chunghye 1330–1332; 1339–1344 Chungmok 1344–1348 Chungjeong 1348–1351 Gongmin 1351–1374 U 1374–1388 Chang 1388–1389 Gongyang 1389–1392
v t e

Father: Hyeonjong of Goryeo
Mother: Queen Wonhye
Consorts and their Respective issue(s):

Queen Inpyeong of the Ansan Kim clan; half younger sister – No issue.
Queen Inye of the Gyeongwon Yi clan (d. 1092)
1. Crown Prince Wang Hun
2. Wang Un, Marquis Gukwon
3. Wang Ong, Duke Gyerim
4. Wang Hu
5. Wang Su, Duke Sangan (왕수 상안공)^[5]
6. Wang Taeng
7. Wang Bi, Marquess Geumgwan (왕비 금관후)^[6]
8. Wang Eum, Marquess Byeonhan (왕음 변한후)^[7]
9. Wang Chim, Marquess Nakrang (왕침 낙랑후)
10. Wang Gyeong (왕경)
11. Princess Jeokgyeong (적경궁주)
12. Princess Boryeong
13. Unborn daughter^[8]
14. Unborn daughter^[8]
Worthy Consort Ingyeong of the Gyeongwon Yi clan
Worthy Consort Injeol of the Gyeongwon Yi clan (d. 1082)
1. Unnamed daughter, died early^[8]
2. Unnamed daughter, died early^[8]
Virtuous Consort Inmok of the Gyeongju Kim clan (d. 1094)
1. Unnamed daughter, died early^[8]

References

^ 박, 기현 (November 5, 2022). "[성공한 군주들로부터 배우는 역사의 교훈 '제왕의 리더십'] (10) 고려 문종, 균형 잡힌 외교감각으로 통합의 리더십 보여주다". Baccro News. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
^ 박, 기현 (November 5, 2022). "[성공한 군주들로부터 배우는 역사의 교훈 '제왕의 리더십'] (10) 고려 문종, 균형 잡힌 외교감각으로 통합의 리더십 보여주다". Baccro News. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
^ Lee, Kyung Lock (December 19, 2015). "History of the medical licensing examination (uieop) in Korea's Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392)". Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professionals. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
^ Lee, Kyung Lock (December 19, 2015). "History of the medical licensing examination (uieop) in Korea's Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392)". Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professionals. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
^ In 1071 (25th years reign of his father), he became "Marquess Pyeongyang" (평양후, 平壤侯) and received "1,000 sik-eup" (식읍 1,000호). Two years later, all of Munjong's consorts and princes were came to Wang Su's award ceremony that decorated very royal and watched a Chaekbongrye (책봉례) together. He also honoured as "Marquess Sangan" (상안후, 常安侯) and became a Susado (수사도, 守司徒) in 1086 (3rd years reign of his second older brother) along with received "2,000 sik-eup" (식읍 2,000호). He later became "Duke Sangan" (상안공, 常安公) and Sutaebo (수태보, 守台輔) in 1094, but eventually died a year later during the early reign of King Heonjong, one of his nephew and then received name Yeongnyang (영량, 英良; "Excellent and Kind-hearted") as his Posthumous name.[1][2]
^ In 1077 (31st years reign of his father), he became "Marquess Geumgwan" (금관후, 金官侯) and received "1,000 sik-eup" (식읍 1,000호), then appointed as a Susado (수사도, 守司徒) in 1086 (3rd years reign of his second older brother) along with received "2,000 sik-eup" (식읍 2,000호), which he involved in the Duke Buyeo and Princess Jeokgyeong's case for having an incest marriage and asked the king to stop agreeing the marriage in the same year. He also became Sutaewi gyeom Jungseoryeong (수태위 겸 중서령, 守太尉兼中書令) in 1092 along with received "3,000 sik-eup" (식읍 3,000호) and "500 sik-sil" (식실 500호). However, Wang Bi died just 8 days after this and received name Jangheon (장헌, 莊憲; "Solemn and Promulgate") as his Posthumous name.[3][4][5]
^ In 1077 (31st years reign of his father), he became "Marquess Byeonhan" (변한후, 卞韓侯) and received "800 sik-eup" (800호 식읍), then appointed as a Geomgyosangseoryeong Susado (검교상서령 수사도, 檢校尙書令守司徒) in 1086 (3rd years reign of his second older brother) along with received "2,000 sik-eup" (식읍 2,000호). In the same year too, Wang Eum, along with Marquess Geumgwan, Duke Jinhan, and others were involved in the Duke Buyeo and Princess Jeokgyeong's case for having an incest marriage and said it was unfair, even asked the king to stop agreeing this, but the king did not listen it and still bestowed the marriage. Not long after this, Wang Eum died and name Jangsun (장순, 章順; "Manifesting and Serene") was given as his Posthumous name. Following to Buddhism tradition, since Wang Eum has no any descendants, so his body couldn't buried, but was believed to powdered and sprinkled on the mountain stream.[6][7]
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "문종 소생 공주". Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved January 6, 2022.

Eckert, Lee, Lew, Robinson and Wagner, Korea Old and New: A History, Harvard University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-9627713-0-9

Munjong of Goryeo House of WangBorn: 29 December 1019 Died: 2 September 1083 Regnal titles Preceded byJeongjong King of Goryeo 1046–1083 Succeeded bySunjong