Murasaki Yamada (やまだ 紫, Yamada Murasaki, born September 5, 1948), born as Mitsuko Yamada (山田 三津子, Yamada Mitsuko), was a Japanese manga artist, feminist essayist and poet. She was associated with the alternative manga magazine Garo.

Life

She was born in Taishidō [ja], Setagaya, Tokyo as Mitsuko Yamada, on September 5, 1948. She began drawing artwork as a child. She lived with her grandparents while her mother and sister lived separately; they all lived in Taishidō. Her father died from tuberculosis.^[3] She attended Fujimigaoka High School [ja], beginning in 1963, and played in a band, "Weeping Love Strings," with four men/boys.^[4] She married one of them in October 1971, and the two moved to a danchi apartment in Takashimadaira [ja].^[5]

She used the pen name "Murasaki Neko" for her poetry work, and later incorporated "Murasaki" into her standard pen name. Ryan Holmberg, the translator of Talk to My Back, stated that the name "Murasaki" reminds one of Murasaki Shikibu and that the name had "poetic connotations" to the author's liking.^[6] Additionally, Yamada's daughter, Yū Yamada, stated that Yamada liked the color of purple dyes from lithospermum erythrorhizon, also known as "murasaki". Yamada had a preference for cats, which appears in her works.^[6]

She made her debut as a professional manga artist in 1969 in Osamu Tezuka's avantgarde magazine COM and had formal art training before becoming a manga artist.^[7] When COM stopped being published, she started working for Garo magazine instead. Her first short story in Garo was "Oh, the Ways of the World" (ああせけんさま Aa Seken-sama) in 1971. For another short story, "When the Wind Blew" (風の吹く頃 Kaze no fuku koro), she won a Honorable Mention at the Big Comic Award associated with the Big Comic magazine.^[8] After this, she put her career on hiatus because of marriage and raising her children. She returned to Garo in 1978 and also started publishing essays, illustrations and poetry in literary magazines.^[9] From 1981 until 1984, she published the feminist manga series Talk to My Back in Garo, which dealt with being a housewife, a failing marriage and the pressure of raising children.

She separated from her first husband in 1981, and he moved out of her residence. The divorce was complete in 1983. She accused her first husband of spousal abuse.^[1]

Yamada ran for a seat in the 1989 Japanese House of Councillors election as part of the Chikyū Club political organization. She lost, along with others in her party. It was the only time she ran for office.^[10]

From 2006 on, she taught at Kyoto Seika University's Faculty of Manga.^[11] In 2007, she also moved to Kyoto.^[9]

She married Chikao Shiratori [ja], and was last legally known as Mitsuko Shiratori (白取 三津子, Shiratori Mitsuko).^[2] She first met Shiratori in 1984. He moved into her residence around 1985 to 1986. In 2002 they married.^[12] She was 17 years older than he was, and she modeled a boyfriend character in Blue Sky after him.^[13]

Yamada died at Kyoto Hospital on May 5, 2009, age 60, due to intracerebral hemorrhage.^[14][9]

Style

Her works are described as being pictorial I Novels.^[7]

Impact

Frederik L. Schodt regarded her work as particularly important because of the feminist message, rare in shōjo manga. Yamada influenced Hinako Sugiura and Yōko Kondō, her former assistants.^[7] The three of them were referred to as the "Three Garo Girls" (ガロ三人娘 Garo san'nin musume),^[15] translated by Ryan Holmberg (translator of Talk to My Back) as "three daughters of Garo"; Holmberg argued Yamada's age and motherhood made the moniker "highly misleading", and that while male artists are not usually distinguished by gender, the moniker does so for the female artists and implies that women are inherently bound to families.^[16] Holmberg argued that, therefore, the moniker displays sexism.^[16]

Works

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