Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed. (October 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Mustafa IV
Portrait by Konstantin Kapıdağlı, c. 1804-1806
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (Padishah)
Reign29 May 1807 – 28 July 1808
PredecessorSelim III
SuccessorMahmud II
Born8 September 1779
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Died16 November 1808(1808-11-16) (aged 29)
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Burial
Tomb of Abdul Hamid I, Fatih, Istanbul
Consorts
  • Şevkinür Kadın
  • Peykidil Kadın
  • Dilpezir Kadın
  • Seyare Kadın
Issue
  • Şehzade Ahmed
  • Emine Sultan
Names
Mustafa bin Abdul Hamid
DynastyOttoman
FatherAbdul Hamid I
MotherSineperver Sultan
ReligionSunni Islam
TughraMustafa IV's signature
Document issued in the name of Mustafa IV

Mustafa IV (/ˈmʊstəfə/; Ottoman Turkish: مصطفى رابع, romanized: Muṣṭafâ-yi râbiʿ; 8 September 1779 – 16 November 1808) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1807 to 1808.

Early life

Mustafa IV was born on 8 September 1779 in Constantinople. He was the son of Sultan Abdul Hamid I (1774–1789) and Sineperver Sultan.[1][2]

Both he and his brother, Mahmud II, were the last remaining male members of the House of Osman after their cousin, the reformist Sultan Selim III (1789–1807). They alone were therefore eligible to inherit the throne from Selim, by whom they were treated favorably. Since Mustafa was the elder, he took precedence over his brother to the throne.[3] During his short reign, Mustafa would save his cousin's life and order him murdered. Mustafa was Sultan Selim III's favourite crown prince, but he deceived his cousin and cooperated with the rebels to take his throne.

Reign

Mustafa ascended to the throne after the deposition of his cousin, Selim, on 29 May 1807.[4] He came to the throne in the wake of the turbulent events that led to the fatwa against Selim for "introduc[ing] among the Muslims the manners of infidels and showing an intention to suppress the Janissaries".[5] Selim fled to the palace, where he swore fealty to his cousin as the new sultan, and attempted to commit suicide. Mustafa spared his life by smashing the cup of poison that his cousin tried to drink.[5]

Mustafa's brief reign was turbulent. Immediately upon ascending to the throne, the Janissaries rioted throughout Constantinople, looting and murdering anyone who appeared to support Selim.[6] More threatening, however, was a truce signed with the Russians, which freed Mustafa Pasha, a pro-reformist commander stationed on the Danube, to march his army back to Constantinople to restore Selim. With the aid of the Grand Vizier of Adrianople, the army marched on the capital and seized the palace.[5]

Mustafa IV

Sarıbeyzade Aleko, the interpreter of Fenerli Divan-ı Hümayun, was executed on 11 September 1807 because he was involved in spying on government affairs unrelated to his job. It was written on the label hanging around his neck that he gave state secrets to the enemy. This execution strained relations with France. French envoy Sebastiani protested the execution of Aleko, who was under the government's patronage, by going to Babıali. After the cease-fire agreement signed in the Russian lada and the turmoil in the Silistra army, the Ottoman troops returned to Edirne, who had no army character[clarification needed] left.[7]

Meanwhile, in Istanbul and Edirne, after a long winter with severe frosts, shortages and wood shortages were experienced. Troops starved, and the cadre of Edirne was devastated. Soldiers were asked to dispatch soldiers from the provincial governors until only a few had come from places near Istanbul, such as Izmit and Şile. The pro-New Order protestors in Anatolia and Çapanoğlu Süleyman Bey, in the first place, had cut all kinds of aid towards Istanbul.[8]

Attempting to secure his position by positing himself as Osman's only surviving heir, Mustafa ordered Selim and his brother Mahmud murdered at Topkapı Palace in Constantinople. He then ordered his guards to show the rebels Selim's body,[6] and they promptly tossed it into the palace's inner courtyard. Mustafa then ascended his throne, assuming that Mahmud was also dead, but the prince had been hiding in a bath furnace.[9] Just as the rebels demanded that Mustafa "yield his place to a worthier", Mahmud revealed himself, and Mustafa was deposed. The failure of his short reign prevented the efforts to undo the reforms, which continued under Mahmud.

Death

Main article: 1808 Ottoman coup d'etat

Mustafa was later killed on Mahmud's orders on 16 November 1808 and was buried in his father's mausoleum.[10]

Family

Due to his short reign, Mustafa IV did not have a large family. He had four known consorts, a son and a daughter, who died newborn.

Consorts

Mustafa IV had four known consorts:[11][12][13]

Sons

Mustafa IV had only one son:[14]

Daughters

Mustafa IV had only one daughter:[15][16]

References

  1. ^ Yavuz Bahadıroğlu, Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları (Ottoman History with Illustrations, Nesil Publications), 15th Ed., 2009, page 395, ISBN 978-975-269-299-2
  2. ^ Haskan 2018, p. 85.
  3. ^ Kinross, Lord (1977). The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire. Perennial. p. 437. ISBN 0-688-03093-9..
  4. ^ Haskan 2018, p. 86.
  5. ^ a b c Kinross 1977, p. 433
  6. ^ a b Goodwin, Jason (1998). Lords of the Horizon: A History of the Ottoman Empire. Picador. p. 291. ISBN 0312420668.
  7. ^ Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 380.
  8. ^ Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 381.
  9. ^ Kinross 1977, p. 434.
  10. ^ Haskan 2018, p. 86-87.
  11. ^ Ziya, Mehmet (2004). Istanbul ve Boğaziçi: Bizans ve Osmanlı medeniyetlerinin Ölümsüz Mirası, Volume 1. Bika.
  12. ^ Haskan, Mehmet Nermi (January 1, 2018). Hamîd-i Evvel Külliyesi ve Çevresi. Istanbul Ticaret Borsasi. ISBN 978-6-051-37663-9. p. 94
  13. ^ Danacı-Yıldız, Aysel (2008). Osmanlı Araştırmaları, Volume 31: III. Selim'in Katilleri. Istanbul 29 Mayis University. p. 81 and n. 150.
  14. ^ Kinross, Lord (1977). The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire. Perennial. p. 437. ISBN 0-688-03093-9.
  15. ^ Danacı-Yıldız, Aysel (2008). Osmanlı Araştırmaları. Volume 31: III. Selim'in Katilleri. İstanbul 29 Mayıs University. p. 81 and n. 150.
  16. ^ Haskan, Mehmet Nermi (1 January 2018). Hamîd-i Evvel Külliyesi ve Çevresi. Istanbul Ticaret Borsasi. ISBN 978-6-051-37663-9. p. 87

Sources

External links

Mustafa IV House of OsmanBorn: 8 September 1779 Died: 15 November 1808 Regnal titles Preceded bySelim III Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 29 May 1807 – 15 November 1808 Succeeded byMahmud II Sunni Islam titles Preceded bySelim III Caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate 29 May 1807 – 15 November 1808 Succeeded byMahmud II
Ottoman sultans / caliphs
Ottoman princes
Authority control databases
Categories