Kurdish soldier and official (1866–1936)
Mustafa Yamulki (25 January 1866 – 25 May 1936), also known as "Nemrud" Mustafa Pasha, was a Kurdish military officer,[1][page needed] chairman of the Ottoman military court, minister for education in the Kingdom of Kurdistan[1] and a journalist. Mustafa was born in the city of Sulaimaniyah which was then in the Mosul Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire.
Early life
Mustafa was born into an old landowning family from Sulaimaniyah. Mustafa attended the Ottoman Military Academy at Constantinople (present-day Istanbul). He was from the powerful Bilbaz Kurdish tribe.
After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the World War I, he was appointed the head of the Turkish Court Martials on the 18 April 1920.[2] As chairman of the Court, which was also called the "war tribunal of Nemrut Mustafa",[3][page needed] he condemned Mustafa Kemal to death in absentia along with other of his associates.[4] The warrant was also signed by Ali Kemal, Damad Ferid and the Sultan. Mustafa also sentenced Ebubekir Hazim (Tepeyran) the minister of the interior for aiding the Turkish nationalists. He was dismissed from this office in June.[5][page needed]
Mustafa stated,
Our compatriots have committed untold crimes by resorting to every conceivable form of despotism, organized deportation and massacre, burned feeding mothers doused with petrol alive, raped women and girls…. They have subjected the Armenians to intolerable conditions, such as no other people had ever experienced throughout history.[6]
Later, Mustafa was arrested and sentenced to 7 months in prison. However, he was pardoned by Sultan Mehmed VI in February 1921.[4] In June 1921 he left Turkey for Syria and went on to live in Iraq.[4]
His brother-in-law Izzet Bey was the former governor of the Van Vilayet and minister of the Pious foundations under Tavfiq Pashas cabinet.
Mustafa's son was Abdul Aziz Yamulki, the chief plotter of coup d'état against the Bakir Sidqi government.[7][page needed]
