NDV-HXP-S

Packaging for the Brazilian version of NDV-HXP-S, ButanVac
Vaccine description
Target	SARS-CoV-2
Vaccine type	viral vector or inactivated
Clinical data
Trade names	ButanVac (Brazil) COVIVAC (Vietnam) HXP-GPOVac (Thailand) Patria (Mexico)
Other names	ADAPTCOV
Routes of administration	Intramuscular,[1] Intranasal

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NDV-HXP-S (known as ButanVac^[2][3] or ADAPTCOV^[4] in Brazil, COVIVAC^[5] in Vietnam, HXP-GPOVac^[6] in Thailand, Patria^[7] in Mexico) is a COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed under the leadership of Peter Palese, Adolfo García-Sastre, and Florian Krammer at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.^[8][9]

The name NDV-HXP-S comes from the terms Newcastle disease virus, HexaPro, and spike protein.^[8] The stabilization of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 (HexaPro) was achieved by Jason McLellan from the University of Texas at Austin.^[10]

Pharmacology

NDV-HXP-S uses the Newcastle disease virus as its viral vector. The platform can be live or inactivated.^{[9][11][12][13][14][15][16][excessive citations]}

Manufacturing

Unlike vaccines such as Moderna's mRNA-1273, the Janssen vaccine, and Pfizer–BioNTech's Tozinameran, which all require both specialized manufacturing facilities and also rare or expensive ingredients, NDV-HXP-S can be produced using chicken eggs in a fashion similar to influenza vaccine production, making it especially important to and for middle- and low-income countries.^[8] Those existing vaccines are based on the 2P spike, while NDV-HXP-S is further refined via the same process, resulting in a new spike called HexaPro;^[10] the 2P spike contained two prolines compared with HexaPro's six. It is also more resistant to heat and chemicals than the original 2P spike; the vaccine can be stored at 2–8 °C.^[17]

History

Development

Its development was coordinated by the PATH Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, and UT Austin and ISMMS have arranged royalty-free licensing agreements with labs and corporations in 80 countries. McLellan has noted that "the share of vaccines ['low- and middle-income countries' have] received so far is terrible".^[8]

Clinical trials

As of December 2021, NDV-HXP-S is undergoing clinical trials in humans in at least four countries. In Brazil, on March 26, 2021, the Butantan Institute announced it would seek to begin clinical trials. Mexico-based Avimex plans to create an intranasal spray version of the vaccine. In Thailand the Government Pharmaceutical Organization is conducting a trial in coordination with Mahidol University.^[18][19] Reflecting the freedom offered by the ease of the manufacturing process, Thai health minister Anutin Charnvirakul referred to the vaccine as "produced by Thai people for Thai people".^[8] A phase II study has been completed in Vietnam, but the phase III study has been discontinued due to shortage of unvaccinated volunteers.^[20]