NRF1
Identifiers
Aliases	NRF1, ALPHA-PAL, nuclear respiratory factor 1
External IDs	OMIM: 600879 MGI: 1332235 HomoloGene: 3674 GeneCards: NRF1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 7 (human)[1] Band 7q32.2 Start 129,611,720 bp[1] End 129,757,082 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 6 (mouse)[2] Band 6 A3.3|6 12.47 cM Start 30,047,987 bp[2] End 30,153,457 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in cerebellar hemisphere right uterine tube anterior pituitary ganglionic eminence sural nerve gastrocnemius muscle canal of the cervix popliteal artery left uterine tube nucleus accumbens Top expressed in secondary oocyte Paneth cell thymus yolk sac morula primitive streak lip ganglionic eminence submandibular gland neural tube More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding protein homodimerization activity DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding protein binding core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity Cellular component extracellular exosome nucleoplasm cytosol nucleus Biological process regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II mitochondrion organization generation of precursor metabolites and energy transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription by RNA polymerase II Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4899 18181 Ensembl ENSG00000106459 ENSMUSG00000058440 UniProt Q16656 Q9WU00 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005011 NM_001040110 NM_001293163 NM_001293164 NM_001164226 NM_001164227 NM_001164228 NM_001164229 NM_001164230 NM_010938 NM_001361692 NM_001361693 NM_001361694 NM_001361695 RefSeq (protein) NP_001035199 NP_001280092 NP_001280093 NP_005002 NP_001157698 NP_001157699 NP_001157700 NP_001157701 NP_001157702 NP_035068 NP_001348621 NP_001348622 NP_001348623 NP_001348624 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 129.61 – 129.76 Mb Chr 6: 30.05 – 30.15 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Nuclear respiratory factor 1, also known as Nrf1, Nrf-1, NRF1 and NRF-1, encodes a protein that homodimerizes and functions as a transcription factor which activates the expression of some key metabolic genes regulating cellular growth and nuclear genes required for respiration, heme biosynthesis, and mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication. The protein has also been associated with the regulation of neurite outgrowth. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, which encode the same protein, have been characterized. Additional variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described but they have not been fully characterized. Confusion has occurred in bibliographic databases due to the shared symbol of NRF1 for this gene and for "nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 1" which has an official symbol of NFE2L1.^{[citation needed]}

Function

Nrf1 functions as a transcription factor that activates the expression of some key metabolic genes regulating cellular growth and nuclear genes required for mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication. Nrf1, together with Nrf2, mediates the biogenomic coordination between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes by directly regulating the expression of several nuclear-encoded ETC proteins, and indirectly regulating the three mitochondrial-encoded COX subunit genes by activating mtTFA, mtTFB1, and mtTFB2.

Nrf1 is associated with the regulation of neurite outgrowth.^[5]

Alternate transcriptional splice variants, which encode the same protein, have been characterized. Additional variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described but they have not been fully characterized.^[6]

Cyclin D1-dependent kinase, through phosphorylating NRF-1 at S47, coordinates nuclear DNA synthesis and mitochondrial function.^[7]

Interactions

NRF1 has been shown to interact with DYNLL1,^[8] PPARGC1A,^[9] and PPRC1.^[10]