NTPC Limited
FormerlyNational Thermal Power Corporation
Company typeCentral Public Sector Undertaking
ISININE733E01010
IndustryElectricity
Founded7 November 1975; 48 years ago (1975-11-07)
Headquarters
New Delhi
,
India[1]
Area served
India
Key people
Gurdeep Singh (Chairman & MD)[2]
ServicesElectricity generation and distribution
natural gas exploration, production, transportation and distribution
RevenueIncrease₹177,977 crore (US$22 billion) (2023)[3]
Increase ₹23,551 crore (US$2.9 billion) (2023)[3]
Increase ₹17,121 crore (US$2.1 billion) (2023)[3]
Total assetsIncrease ₹446,021 crore (US$56 billion) (2023)[3]
Total equityIncrease ₹150,954 crore (US$19 billion) (2023)[3]
OwnerMinistry of Power, Government of India[4]
Number of employees
15,786 (2022[3])
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.ntpc.co.in

NTPC Limited, formerly known as National Thermal Power Corporation, is an Indian central Public Sector Undertaking under the ownership of the Ministry of Power and the Government of India, who is engaged in the generation of electricity and other activities. The headquarters of the PSU are situated at New Delhi. NTPC's core function is the generation and distribution of electricity to State Electricity Boards in India. The body also undertakes consultancy and turnkey project contracts that involve engineering, project management, construction management, and operation and management of power plants.

It is the largest power company in India with an electric power generating capacity of 71,594 MW.[5] Although the company has approximately 16% of the total national capacity, it contributes to over 25% of total power generation due to its focus on operating its power plants at higher efficiency levels (approximately 80.2% against the national PLF rate of 64.5%). NTPC currently produces 25 billion units of electricity per month.[citation needed]

NTPC currently operates 55 power stations: 24 coal, seven combined cycle gas and liquid fuel, two hydro powered, one wind turbine, and 11 solar projects. Additionally, it has 9 coal and 1 gas station, owned by joint ventures or subsidiaries.

It was founded by Government of India in 1975, which now holds 51.1% of its equity shares[6] after divestment of its stake in 2004, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2017. In May 2010, NTPC was conferred Maharatna status by the Union Government of India, one of only four companies to be awarded this status.[7] It is ranked 433th in the Forbes Global 2000 for 2023.[8]

History

1975–1994

The company was founded on 7 November 1975 by India's former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi as National Thermal Power Corporation Private Limited. It started working on its first thermal power project in 1976 at Shaktinagar—named National Thermal Power Corporation Private Limited Singrauli—in Uttar Pradesh.[9] In the same year, its name was changed to "National Thermal Power Corporation Limited". In 1983, NTPC began commercial operations and earned profits of INR 4.5 crores in FY 1982–83. By the end of 1985, it had achieved power generation capacity of 2000 MW.
In 1986, it completed synchronisation of its first 500 MW unit at Singrauli. In 1988, it commissioned two 500 MW units, one each in Rihand and Ramagundam. In 1989, it started a consultancy division. In 1992, it acquired Feroze Gandhi Unchahar Thermal Power Station from Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam of Uttar Pradesh.[10] By the end of 1994, its installed capacity crossed 15,000 MW.

1995–2004

In 1995, it took over the Talcher Thermal Power Station from Orissa State Electricity Board.[9] In the year 1997, the Government of India conferred it with "Navratna" status. In that same year, it achieved a milestone of generating 100 billion units of electricity in a single year.[9] In 1998, it commissioned its first Naptha-based plant at Kayamkulam with a capacity of 350 MW. In 1999, its plant in Dadri, which had the highest plant load factor (PLF) in India of 96%, was certified with ISO-14001. During 2000, it started construction of its first hydro-electric power project, with 800 MW capacity, in Himachal Pradesh.[9]
In 2002, it incorporated 3 subsidiary companies: NTPC Electric Supply Company Limited for forward integration by entering into the business of distribution and trading of power; NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Limited for meeting the expected rise in energy trading; and NTPC Hydro Limited to carry out the business of implementing and operating small and medium hydropower projects.[11] Later in 2002, its installed capacity crossed 20,000 MW.[9]

NTPC got listed on BSE and NSE on 5 November 2004. Against the issue price of ₹62 per share, it closed the first day of listing with ₹75.55 per share.[12] On the day of listing, it became the third largest company in India in terms of market capitalisation.[13]

2005–present

In October 2005, the company's name was changed from National Thermal Power Corporation Limited to NTPC Limited. The primary reason for this change was the company's foray into hydro and nuclear based power generation along with backward integration of coal mining. In 2006, it entered into an agreement with the Government of Sri Lanka to set up two units of 250 MW each in Trincomalee in Sri Lanka.[9] During 2008 and 2011, NTPC entered into Joint Ventures with BHEL, Bharat Forge, NHPC, Coal India, SAIL, NMDC, and NPCIL to expand its business of power generation.[9][10] By the end of 2010, its installed capacity crossed 31,000 MW.[9]

The company in 2009 joined forces with other state enterprises Rashtriya Ispat Nigam, Steel Authority of India, Coal India, and National Minerals Development Corporation to invest in coal mining operations through a joint venture vehicle named International Coal Ventures Private Limited (ICVL). In July 2014, ICVL acquired a 65 percent stake in the Benga coal mine in Mozambique from the Rio Tinto Group.[14] In December 2022, the Market cap of NTPC limited was Rs. 1,66,249.34 crore.[15]

Operations

NTPC operates from 70 locations in India, one location in Sri Lanka and two locations in Bangladesh. In India, it has eight regional headquarters (HQ):

Sr. No. Headquarters City
1 NCRHQ Delhi
2 ER-I HQ Patna
3 ER-II HQ Bhubaneshwar
4 NRHQ Lucknow
5 SRHQ Secunderabad
6 WR-I HQ Mumbai
7 WR-II HQ Raipur
8 Hydro HQ Delhi

Scheduling and generation dispatch

The scheduling and dispatch of all the generating stations owned by National Thermal Power Corporation are done by respective regional load dispatch centers, which are the apex body to ensure integrated operation of the power system grid in the respective region. All these load dispatch centers come under Power System Operation Corporation Limited (POSOCO).

Subsidiaries

  1. Convergence Energy Services Limited
  2. Energy Efficiency Services Limited
  3. NTPC Green Energy
  4. NTPC Renewables Limited
  5. National High Power Test Laboratory Private Limited(NHPTL)
  6. NEEPCO
  7. THDC India Limited

Capacity of plants

The total installed capacity of the company is 72,304 MW (including 13,465 MW through JVs/Subsidiaries) across the country, (26 Coal based stations, seven gas based stations, one hydro station, one small hydro, 11 Solar PV, and one wind based Station) and 25 Joint Venture stations (nine coal based, four gas based, eight hydro-powered, one small hydro, two wind-powered, and one Solar PV).

Thermal Power

Coal-based power plants (Own Operational)

Sr. No. Project State Capacity in MW Units in MW Status
1 Singrauli Super Thermal Power Station Uttar Pradesh 2,000 5x200, 2x500 All units functional
2 NTPC Korba Chhattisgarh 2,600 3x200, 4x500 All units functional
3 NTPC Ramagundam Telangana 2,600 3x200, 4x500 All units functional.
4. Farakka Super Thermal Power Station West Bengal 2,100 3x200, 3x500 All units functional
5 Vindhyachal Super Thermal Power Station Madhya Pradesh 4,783 6x210, 7x500, 2x4, 1x15 All units functional. Largest Thermal Power Station in India. A small hydro of 8 MW and a PV Solar power station of 15 MW is also present.
6 Rihand Thermal Power Station Uttar Pradesh 3,000 6x500 All units functional
7 Kahalgaon Super Thermal Power Station Bihar 2,340 4x210, 3x500 All units functional
8 NTPC Dadri Uttar Pradesh 1,820 4x210, 2x490 All units functional
9 Talcher Super Thermal Power Station Odisha 3,010 6x500, 1x10 All units functional
10 Feroze Gandhi Unchahar Thermal Power Station Uttar Pradesh 1,550 5x210, 1×500 All units functional
11 Talcher Thermal Power Station Odisha 460 2x110, 4x60 All units retired and shut down, will be replaced by 2x660 MW Unit[16]
12 Simhadri Super Thermal Power Station Andhra Pradesh 2,000 4x500 All units functional
13 Tanda Thermal Power Station Uttar Pradesh 1,760 4x110, 2×660 All units functional
14 Sipat Thermal Power Station Chhattisgarh 2,980 2x500, 3x660 All units functional
15 Mauda Super Thermal Power Station Maharashtra 2,320 2x500, 2x660 All units functional
16 Barh Super Thermal Power Station Bihar 3,300 3×660, 2x660 All units functional
17 Kudgi Super Thermal Power Station Karnataka 2,400 3x800 All units functional
18 NTPC Bongaigaon Assam 750 3x250 All units functional
19 LARA Super Thermal Power Station Chhattisgarh 1600 2x800, 2x800 2x800 MW unit functional, 2x800 MW unit under construction.
20 Solapur Super Thermal Power Station Maharashtra 1,320 2x660 All units functional.
21 Gadarwara Super Thermal Power Station Madhya Pradesh 3,200 2×800, 2×800 2x800 MW unit functional.
22 North Karanpura Thermal Power Station Jharkhand 1,980 3×660 Under Construction
23 Darlipali Super Thermal Power Station Odisha 1,600 2×800 1x800 MW unit functional, 1x800 MW unit under construction.
24 Khargone Super Thermal Power Station Madhya Pradesh 1,320 2×660 All unit functional.
25 Telangana Super Thermal Power Project Telangana 1,600 2×800 Under construction[17]
26 Barauni Thermal Power Station Bihar 720 2×110, 2×250 All units functional[18][19]

Coal-based (JV/Subsidiary)

Sr. No. Name of the JV Location State Capacity in MW
1 NSPCL. Joint venture with SAIL. Durgapur West Bengal 160
2 NSPCL. Joint venture with SAIL. Rourkela Odisha 370
3 NSPCL. Joint venture with SAIL. Bhilai Chhattisgarh 574
4 NPGC. Wholly owned subsidiary of NTPC. Aurangabad Bihar 1980
5 Muzaffarpur Thermal Power Station (MTPS). Wholly owned subsidiary of NTPC. Kanti Bihar 610
6 BRBCL Joint venture with Indian Railways. Nabinagar Bihar 1000
7 Aravali Power CPL JV with HPGCL & IPGCL Jhajjar Haryana 1500
8 NTECL JV with NTPC & TNEB Chennai Tamil Nadu 1500
9 Meja Thermal Power Station JV with NTPC & UPRVUNL Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh 1320
10 PUVNL(Patratu) Joint venture with Jharkhand State Electricity Board. Patratu Jharkhand 4000
11 Khurja-THDC Bulandshahr Uttar Pradesh 1320

Gas-based power plants (Own Operational)

Sr.No. Power project State Capacity MW Unit Size MW Status
1 Anta Rajasthan 419.33 3×88, 1×149 All unit Running
2 Auraiya Uttar Pradesh 663.36 4×110, 2×106 All unit Running
3 Kawas Gujarat 656.20 2×110.5, 4×106 All unit Running
4 Dadri Uttar Pradesh 829.78 4×130.19,2×154.51 All unit Running
5 Jhanor-Gandhar Gujarat 657.39 3×131, 1×155 All unit Running
6 Kayamkulam, Haripad Kerala 359.58 2x115.2 + 1x129.177 All unit Running
7 Faridabad Haryana 431.59 2×143, 1×144 All unit Running

Gas-based (JV/Subsidiary)

Sr.No. Power project State Capacity MW
1 Ratnagiri Gas and Power Private Limited (RGPPL) Maharashtra 1967
2 Assam Gas based power plant Assam 291
3 Agartala GT CCPP Tripura 135
4 Tripura Gas based CCPP Tripura 101

Hydro Power

The company has also stepped up its hydroelectric power (hydel) project implementation. Some of these projects are:

Hydro-electric power plants (Own operational)

Sr.No. Power project State Capacity MW Unit in MW Status
1 Koldam Dam Himachal Pradesh 800 4X200 MW All Four Units Commissioned
2 Tapovan Vishnugad Uttarakhand 520 4X130 MW Under Construction
3 Lata Tapovan Uttarakhand 171 3 x 57 MW Under Construction
4 Rammam Hydro West Bengal 120 3 x 40 MW Under Construction

Hydro-electric power plants (JV/Subsidiary)

Sr.No. Project State/UT Capacity MW
1 Tehri HPP (THDC) Uttarakhand 1000
2 Tehri PSP (THDC) Uttarakhand 1000
3 Koteshwar HPP (THDC) Uttarakhand 400
4 Vishnugad Pipalkoti HEP(THDC) Uttarakhand 444
5 Ranganadi HEP (NEEPCO) Arunachal 405
6 Doyang HEP (NEEPCO) Nagaland 75
7 Pare HEP (NEEPCO) Arunachal 110
8 Tuirial HEP (NEEPCO) Mizoram 60
9 Kopili HEP (NEEPCO) Assam 275
10 Kameng HEP (NEEPCO) Arunachal 600

Renewable Energy

NTPC's current renewable power plants in solar and wind include:

Solar photovoltaic power plants (Own Operational)

Sr.No. Project State/UT Capacity
1 Dadri Solar PV Uttar Pradesh 05 MW
2 Port Blair Solar PV Andaman & Nicobar Island 05 MW
3 Ramagundam Solar PV Telangana 110 MW
4 Talcher Kaniha Odisha 10 MW
5 Faridabad Solar PV Haryana 05 MW
6 Unchahar Solar PV Uttar Pradesh 10 MW
7 Rajgarh Solar PV Madhya Pradesh 50 MW
8 Singrauli Solar PV Uttar Pradesh 15 MW
9 Ananthpuram Solar PV Andhra Pradesh 250 MW
10 Bhadla-Solar PV Rajasthan 260 MW
11 Mandsaur-Solar PV Madhya Pradesh 250 MW
12 Bishrampur Solar PV Chhattisgarh 40 MW
13 Bhatgaon Solar PV Chhattisgarh 40 MW
14 Fatehgarh Solar PV Rajasthan 296 MW
Total 1346 MW

Solar photovoltaic power plants (JV/Subsidiary)

Sr.No. Project State/UT Capacity
1 Solar TGBPP Tripura (NEEPCO) Tripura 05 MW

Wind Power (Own Operational)

Sr.No. Project State/UT Capacity
1 Rojmal Gujarat 50 MW

Wind Power (JV/Subsidiary)

Sr.No. Project State/UT Capacity
1 Patan Wind Power Project(THDC) Gujarat 50 MW
2 Devbhumi Dwarka Wind Power Project(THDC) Gujarat 63 MW

Small Hydro

Future goals

The company has developed a long-term plan to become a 128,000 MW company by 2032. NTPC Limited is on an expansion spree to meet the power requirements of the country—the company has targeted to add 14,058 MW in 12th Plan (from FY13 to FY 17) of which it had already added 4,170 MW in 2012–2013, 1835 MW in 2013–2014, 1290 MW in 2014–2015, and 1150 MW from April–30 November 2015.

As of 30 November 2015, the company has 23,004 MW under construction. NTPC is diversifying its capacity mix with much emphasis on renewable energy. As on 30 November 2015, NTPC has 110 MW Solar PV capacity under operation, 250 MW under construction, and 1260 MW under tendering. The company intends to add 10000 MW of Solar PV capacity in the next five years. On 18 July 2015, NTPC declared commercial its first Hydro Power plant at Koldam in the State of Himachal Pradesh. The company has a long-term plan to reduce its fossil fuel capacity mix to 56% by 2032.

NTPC also plans to go global. The public sector company has signed a memorandum of agreement (MoU) with the Government of Sri Lanka and Ceylon Electricity Board for setting up a 500 MW (2x250) coal-based thermal power plant in the island nation. An MoU has also been signed with Kyushu Electric Power Co. Inc., Japan, for establishing an alliance for exchange of information and experts from different areas of the business. The company is also in the process of finalizing an MoU with Nigeria for setting up power plants against the allocation of LNG on a long-term basis for NTPC plants in India. NTPC is also developing a joint-venture coal-based power plant 1,320 MW (2x660) with the Bangladesh Power Development Board known as Bangladesh India Friendship Power Company in Rampal, Bangladesh, which is facing tremendous opposition from the people of Bangladesh owing to the plant's dangerously close proximity to the Sundarbans.[20]

NTPC has also been allotted coal blocks, namely Pakri Barwadih, Chatti Bariatu, and Kerandari in Jharkhand as well as Talipalli, Chhattisgarh, and Dulanga in Odisha. Except for Pakri Barwadih, all other blocks were canceled by a decision of the Supreme Court of India on 24 September 2014. However, the company was again allotted canceled block under Section 5 of Coal Mines (Special Provision Act 2015)[21] Besides these blocks, the Ministry of Coal has according to its press release dated 3 July 2013 allotted four more blocks namely, Banai and Bhalmuda in Chhattisgarh, Chandrabila and Kudanli Laburi in Odisha. Two more blocks namely Mandakini-II and Banhardih are expected to be allotted to NTPC soon. All these mines are having estimated geological reserves of 6.7 billion tonnes. NTPC has appointed Mining Cum Development Operator (MDO) for its Pakri Barwadih mine.[22]

Listings and shareholding

The equity shares of NTPC are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange,[23] where it is a constituent of the BSE SENSEX index,[24] and the National Stock Exchange of India,[25] where it is a constituent of the S&P CNX Nifty.[26]

In Sep. 2015, the Government of India held around 74.96% equity shares in NTPC. Over 680,000 individual shareholders hold approx. 1.92% of its shares. Life Insurance Corporation of India is the largest non-promoter shareholder in the company with 10.03% shareholding.[27]

In August 2017, the GOI divested further its 5% stake in NTPC through OFS (Stock Exchange Mechanism) and reduced the holding of GOI in NTPC to 5,76,83,41,760 shares i.e. 64.96% out of total 8,24,54,64,400 shares.

The balance is held by public, FIIs, Mutual Funds, and Banks.

Shareholders Shareholding[6][28]
Promoters: Government of India 51.10%
DII 18.20%
Foreign Institutional Investors 14.54%
Body Corporate & Insurance Companies 12.88%
Individuals/HUFs 2.20%
Others 1.08%
Total 100.0%

Employees

As of 31 March 2015, the company had 24,067 employees. The attrition rate for the FY 2014–2015, including the trainee employees and employees working for subsidiaries and JVs, was 1.35%. Man MW Ratio of the company has fallen from 0.77 in the FY11 to 0.61 in FY 15. NTPC has been awarded continuously as great places to work for in PSUs category.

NTPC was ranked second among the 250 largest power producer energy traders in the world by Platts in 2015. On overall basis NTPC ranked 56th amongst Platts 250 companies.[29] In 2009, it received ICSI National Award for Excellence in Corporate Governance.[30]

Criticism

Land acquisition in tribal areas

The company (and other PSUs in India) has been allotted land for setting power plants and related infrastructure in rural or tribal areas across the country by Central Government and various state governments. Some of these lands have been allotted to NTPC (and other PSUs in India) through Land Acquisition Acts passed by Central and State Governments. Wherever a land acquisition law is enacted, it also places a liability on the PSUs or governments to take actions for proper rehabilitation of displaced residents of that rural or tribal area. Governments or PSUs are criticized if they do not fulfill their liability towards displaced residents. In many areas where land acquisition is proposed through land acquisition laws, local residents oppose the forcible acquisition, as they are not sure of proper rehabilitation.

Future growth

Draft National Electricity Plan (2016), prepared by GoI, states that India does not need additional coal-fired power plants until 2027 with the commissioning of various coal-based power plants which are presently under construction.[31] India is not facing regular power shortages to purchase electricity at high prices, offering higher profit margins to the competing power generating companies. With the help of assured power purchase agreements (PPA) from the state-owned DisComs, NTPC was able to sell its power at higher margins on the deployed capital and higher overhead costs. Moreover, its main expertise of generating power from coal-fired stations is becoming obsolete in terms of technology and economics against non-conventional power generation like wind, solar, etc.[32] In the future, for the satisfactory growth mainly from wind and solar power projects, NTPC is ready to slash all its extra profit margins on capital deployed to bring down the power sale price at par with the IPPs to secure the projects in open competitive bidding.

Government has decided to scrap the coal fired power stations which are more than 25 years old to reduce the pollution.[33] Instead of scrapping old pulverised coal fired units, NTPC should replace coal with torrefied crops waste/biomass as fuel in these units (nearly 11,000 MW) to make them profitable and productive assets without contributing to pollution.[34]

To utilize its proven O&M expertise, NTPC may venture on a major scale to implement the solar thermal storage power as they can offer clean and cheaper electricity than fossil fuel-fired power generation plants.[35]

Rather than install emissions-cutting technologies, NTPC has chosen to lobby the government to extend pollution reduction deadlines.[36]

Controversies with projects

Loharinag Pala Hydro Power Project by NTPC Ltd: Loharinag Pala Hydro Power Project (600 MW i.e. 150 MW × 4 units) is located on the river Bhagirathi (a tributary of the Ganges) in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand state. This is the first project downstream from the origin of the Ganges at Gangotri. The project was at the advanced stage of construction when it was discontinued by the Government of India in August 2010.

Rupasiyabagar Khasiabara HPP, 261 MW in Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand State, near China Border, is yet to be given investment approval..

Badarpur Thermal Power Station has been permanently closed due to pollution issues in Delhi NCR. The total installed capacity of all of its units was 705 MW, which has been retired and fully closed since 15 October 2018.[37][38]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Contact Us - NTPC". ntpc.co.in.
  2. ^ "Board of Directors - NTPC". ntpc.co.in.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "NTPC Limited" (PDF). www.bseindia.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 May 2023.
  4. ^ "NTPC says Govt pares stake to 51.02%". Business Standard India. 5 March 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  5. ^ "Installed Capacity - NTPC".
  6. ^ a b "Shareholding Pattern - NTPC". ntpc.co.in.
  7. ^ "4 PSUs get maharatna status – Indian Express". 21 May 2010. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  8. ^ "NTPC Limited". Forbes. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h "History of NTPC". NTPC Limited. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  10. ^ a b "Company History - NTPC Ltd". The Economic Times. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  11. ^ "Chairman's statement in 27th Annual Report" (PDF). NTPC. 24 September 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  12. ^ "NTPC does a power listing". The Times of India. 5 November 2004. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  13. ^ "Power major NTPC lists at premium". The Hindu. 6 November 2004. Archived from the original on 19 November 2004. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  14. ^ "Indian JV to acquire Rio Tinto's Riversdale coal assets in Mozambique". India Gazette. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  15. ^ "Top 100 stocks by Market Capitalization | BSE Listed stocks Market Capitalization". www.bseindia.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Talcher thermal power plant shuts down, NTPC says modern unit will replace it".
  17. ^ "Future Capacity Additions - NTPC". ntpc.co.in.
  18. ^ "NTPC acquires 720 Mw Barauni thermal power plant in Bihar - ET EnergyWorld".
  19. ^ "NTPC acquires Barauni Thermal Power Station".
  20. ^ "' A power plant like Rampal would never be allowed in India' - Dhaka Tribune". dhakatribune.com. 23 August 2016.
  21. ^ 5618GI1.p65
  22. ^ Thriveni-Sainik appointed as MDO for NTPC's Pakri-Barwadih coal block of Jharkhand * Coal Power Steel
  23. ^ "NTPC LTD". BSEindia.com. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  24. ^ "Scripwise Weightages in S&P BSE SENSEX". BSE India. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  25. ^ "NTPC Limited". NSE India. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  26. ^ "Download List of CNX Nifty stocks (.csv)". NSE India. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  27. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2015.((cite web)): CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  28. ^ "Shareholding Pattern - NTPC". ntpc.co.in.
  29. ^ "Platts Top 250 Rankings". top250.platts.com.
  30. ^ "ICSI National Awards for Excellence in Corporate Governance for 2009". ICSI. 21 December 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  31. ^ "Draft National Electricity Plan, 2016, CEA" (PDF). Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  32. ^ "NTPC may drop further expansion plans of Kudgi thermal project in Karnataka". The Economic Times. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  33. ^ "NTPC to phase out 11000 MW old power plants in five years - Piyush Goyal". Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  34. ^ "Overview of Wood Pellet Co-firing" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  35. ^ "Dispatchable Concentrated Solar Power Broke Price Records in 2017". Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  36. ^ Varadhan, Sudarshan (19 December 2019). "Exclusive: India's NTPC snubs foreign emissions tech, shuts out GE, others from $2 billion orders". Reuters.
  37. ^ "Badarpur power plant shut, action plan to tackle air pollution in Delhi-NCR comes into force". 16 October 2018.
  38. ^ "Badarpur thermal plant,Delhi's biggest power generator, to shut down from October 15". 5 October 2018.

External links

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