Naharin, MdC transliteration nhrn, was the ancient Egyptian term for the kingdom of Mitanni[1] during the 18th Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt. The 18th dynasty was in conflict with the kingdom of Mitanni for control of the Levant from the reigns of Thutmose I,[2] Thutmose III,[3] and Amenhotep II.[4] Amenhotep II's son, Thutmose IV, would eventually make peace with the Mitannians.[5] Henceforth, relations between Egypt and Naharin (Mitanni) were peaceful with much diplomatic gift giving according to the correspondence of the Amarna Letters. The military annals of pharaoh Thutmose III refer to Naharin in explicit[clarification needed] terms. In his 33rd Year, Thutmose III records:

His Majesty travelled north capturing the towns and laying waste the settlements of that foe Naharin.[6]

Inscriptions on two faces of the obelisk in Istanbul, originally erected at 15 century B.C. in the temple in Karnak, also mentions Thutmose III expanding Egypt's borders to and campaigning near Naharin (Mitanni).[7]

Literature

References

  1. ^ Ermann & Grapow, 1926–1953, Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache 2, 287.1
  2. ^ Breasted, op.cit., §81
  3. ^ Breasted, op.cit., §476
  4. ^ Breasted, op.cit., §476
  5. ^ "Thutmose IV." Encyclopædia Britannica. Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2008.
  6. ^ "Ancient Egyptian Joint Operations in the Lebanon under Thutmose III (1451-1438 BCE)" in Semaphore, Newsletter of the Sea Power Centre - Australia, issue 16, August 2006 p.2
  7. ^ https://www.thebyzantinelegacy.com/theodosius-obelisk
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