Nathaniel Niles
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Vermont's 2nd district
In office
October 17, 1791 – March 3, 1795
Preceded byNone (position created)
Succeeded byDaniel Buck
Personal details
Born(1741-04-03)April 3, 1741
South Kingstown, Rhode Island Colony, British America
DiedOctober 31, 1828(1828-10-31) (aged 87)
Fairlee, Vermont, U.S.
Political partyAnti-Administration Party
SpouseElizabeth Watson Niles
ProfessionAttorney
Entrepreneur
Letter from Niles to Thomas Jefferson, February 12, 1801

Nathaniel Niles (April 3, 1741 – October 31, 1828) was an American lawyer and politician. He served as a United States representative from Vermont. He also wrote a famous poem about the Battle of Bunker Hill. Orated one of the first abolition sermons preached in the colonies.

Early life

Niles was born in South Kingstown in the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.[1] He attended Harvard College and graduated from Princeton College in 1766. He studied law and medicine, and taught in New York City. Niles also studied theology and preached in Norwich and Torrington, Connecticut. Niles invented a process for making wire, and erected mills in Norwich.[2]

On the fifth of June, 1774, he gave two sermons in the North church in Newburyport. He argued liberal concepts of liberty must apply to all, including those enslaved. Proclaiming "For shame, let us either cease to enslave our fellow-men, or else let us cease to complain of those who would enslave us."

Career

After the Revolution, Niles moved to West Fairlee in the Vermont Republic, and was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives in 1784 and served as Speaker.[3] From 1784 to 1788, he was a justice of the Vermont Supreme Court[4] and a member of the council in 1785 and 1787.

He was a delegate to the Vermont state constitutional convention of 1791, and upon the admission of Vermont as a State into the Union was elected to the Second Congress as an Anti-Administration Party candidate. Niles was reelected to the Third Congress and served from October 17, 1791, to March 3, 1795.[5] He was one of seven representatives to vote against the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793.

After his terms in Congress, Niles was again a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1800 to 1803 and 1812 to 1815. He was a member of the Governor’s Council from 1803 to 1809.[6] He was a presidential elector for the Thomas Jefferson ticket in 1804 and for the James Madison ticket in 1812.[7] He was a delegate to the State constitutional convention of 1814.

The American Hero

During his early adulthood, Niles was famous for a poem he wrote in 1775 and published in a broadside in 1781.[8][9][10][11] The music for the poem was published the same year by Andrew Law, entitled Bunker Hill;[12] the poem and song were widely printed and sung well into the 1830s.[13][14]

Death

Niles died in Fairlee, Vermont on October 31, 1828, and was interred at West Fairlee Center Cemetery.

Family

In 1774, Niles married Nancy Lathrop. After her death, in 1789 Niles married Elizabeth Watson, whose family was from Plymouth, Massachusetts.

With his first wife, Niles' children included William, Sally, Mary, and Elizabeth. With his second wife, Niles was the father of five children -- Nathaniel, Samuel, Betsey, Watson, and Nancy.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Niles, Nathaniel (1741–1828)". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  2. ^ "NILES, Nathaniel, (1741 - 1828)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  3. ^ "Speakers of the House". Vermont Office of the Secretary of the State. Archived from the original on July 20, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  4. ^ "JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT" (PDF). Vermont Justices of the Supreme Court. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 15, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  5. ^ "Rep. Nathaniel Niles". govtrack.us. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  6. ^ "NILES, Nathaniel, Hon. [1741-1828] -- American lawyer, preacher, inventor (wire mill) and legislator". Ancestry.com. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  7. ^ "Our Campaigns". VT US President. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  8. ^ Niles, Nathaniel (September 1875). "The American Hero". Potter's American Monthly. Vol. V, no. 45. Philadelphia, PA: J. E. Potter and Company. p. 669 – via Google Books.
  9. ^ "The Norwich Jubilee. Report of the Celebration at Norwich, Connecticut, on the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Settlement of the Town. Compiled, Printed and Published by John W. Stedman". Norwich, Connecticut: John W. Stedman, 1859. 1859.
  10. ^ "The American Hero; A Sapphick Ode". Transcribed from the original broadside by David Warren Steel. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  11. ^ Evert A. Duyckinck; George L. Duyckinck (1866). "Cyclopedia of American Literature, Volume 1". New York: Charles Scribner, 1866; pp. 440-441.
  12. ^ "A Select Number of Plain Tunes Adapted to Congregational Worship, by Andrew Law, A. B." Andrew Law, 1781; p. 8.
  13. ^ "The Hymn Tune Index, by Nicholas Temperley". Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  14. ^ Joshua Leavitt's The Christian Lyre, published 1830-1831, which went to at least eighteen editions.

External links


U.S. House of Representatives Preceded byNone (position created) Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Vermont's 2nd congressional district 1791–1795 Succeeded byDaniel Buck
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