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((short description|American humor magazine))
((Essay-like|date=October 2020))
((Use American English|date=November 2022))
((Use mdy dates|date=November 2022))
((Infobox magazine
| title = National Lampoon
| image_file = National Lampoon (magazine) cover – January 1973.jpg
| image_caption = Cover of the January 1973 "Death" issue, featuring the dog [[Cheeseface]]
| category = Humor
| format = Magazine
| founder = [[Douglas Kenney]]<br />[[Henry Beard]]<br />[[Robert Hoffman (businessman)|Robert Hoffman]]
| founded = ((Start date and age|1969))
| firstdate = ((Start date and age|April 1970))
| finaldate = ((End date and age|November 1998))
| finalnumber = issue 246
| price = 
| publisher = [[Matty Simmons]] (1970–1989)
| owners = 
| company = Twenty First Century Communications (1970–1979)<br />National Lampoon, Inc. (1979–1990)<br />[[J2 Communications]] (1990–1998)
| editor = [[Douglas Kenney]] (1970–1975)
| country = United States
| language = English
| political = 
| circulation = 1,000,096
| circulation_year = 1974
| based = [[New York City]]
| ISSN = 0027-9587
))

'''''National Lampoon''''' was an American [[humor magazine]] that ran from 1970 to 1998. The magazine started out as a [[Spin-off (media)|spinoff]] from ''[[The Harvard Lampoon]]''.

''National Lampoon'' magazine reached its height of popularity and critical acclaim during the 1970s, when it had a far-reaching effect on American humor and comedy. The magazine spawned [[National Lampoon's Vacation (film series)|films]], [[The National Lampoon Radio Hour|radio]], [[live theater]], various sound recordings, and print products including books. Many members of the publication's creative staff went on to contribute creatively to successful media of all types.

During the magazine's most successful years, [[parody]] of every kind was a mainstay; [[surrealist]] content was also central to its appeal. Almost all the issues included long text pieces, shorter written pieces, a section of actual news items (dubbed "True Facts"), [[cartoon]]s and [[comic strip]]s. Most issues also included "Foto Funnies" or [[Photonovel|fumetti]], which often featured nudity. The result was an unusual mix of intelligent, cutting-edge wit, combined with some crass, bawdy jesting.<ref>((cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/05/business/new-image-is-sought-by-lampoon.html | work=The New York Times | first=Deirdre | last=Carmody | title=New Image Is Sought By Lampoon | date=December 5, 1990))</ref> The magazine declined during the late 1980s and ceased publication in 1998.

Projects that use the "National Lampoon" (NL) brand name continued to be produced, but under its production company successor, [[National Lampoon, Inc.]] The 50th anniversary of the magazine took place in 2020 and, to celebrate, the magazine was issued digitally for the first time by Solaris Entertainment Studio.((citation needed|date=February 2024))

== Overview ==
''National Lampoon'' writers joyfully targeted every kind of phoniness, and had no specific political stance (even though individual staff members had strong political views). The magazine's humor often pushed far beyond the boundaries of what was generally considered appropriate and acceptable. It was especially anarchic, satirically attacking what was considered holy and sacred. As Teddy Wayne desrcibed it, "At its peak, the <nowiki>[</nowiki>''National Lampoon''<nowiki>]</nowiki> produced some of the bleakest and most controlled furious humor in American letters."<ref name=Wayne>((cite web|title=The Lowest Form of Humor: How the National Lampoon Shaped the Way We Laugh Now|first=Teddy|last=Wayne|author-link=Teddy Wayne|date=October 29, 2013|work=[[The Millions]]|url=https://themillions.com/2013/10/the-lowest-form-of-humor-how-the-national-lampoon-shaped-the-way-we-laugh-now.html))</ref>

Thomas Carney, writing in ''[[New Times (magazine)|New Times]]'', traced the history and style of the ''National Lampoon'' and the impact it had on comedy's new wave. "The ''National Lampoon''", Carney wrote, "was the first full-blown appearance of non-Jewish humor in years — not [[anti-Semitic]], just non-[[Jewish]]. Its roots were [[White Anglo-Saxon Protestant|W.A.S.P.]] and [[Irish Catholic]], with a weird strain of Canadian detachment.... This was not Jewish street-smart humor as a defense mechanism; this was slash-and-burn stuff that alternated in pitch but moved very much on the offensive. It was always disrespect everything, mostly yourself, a sort of reverse deism."<ref>((cite news|last=Carney|first=Thomas |date=August 21, 1978|title=They Only Laughed When It Hurt|work=New Times|pages=48–55))</ref>

The magazine was a springboard to the [[cinema of the United States]] for a generation of comedy writers, directors, and performers. Various alumni went on to create and write for ''[[Saturday Night Live]],'' ''[[The David Letterman Show]]'', ''[[Second City Television|SCTV]]'', ''[[The Simpsons]]'', ''[[Married... with Children]]'', ''[[Night Court]]'', and various films, including ''[[Animal House|National Lampoon's Animal House]]'', ''[[Caddyshack]]'', ''[[National Lampoon's Vacation]]'', and ''[[Ghostbusters]]''. The characteristic humor of ''[[Spy (magazine)|Spy]]'' magazine, ''[[The Onion]]'', [[Judd Apatow]], [[Jon Stewart]], and [[Stephen Colbert]] is difficult to imagine without the influence of ''National Lampoon''.<ref name=Wayne />

As co-founder [[Henry Beard]] described the experience years later: "There was this big door that said, 'Thou shalt not.' We touched it, and it fell off its hinges."<ref>((cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/drunk-stoned-brilliant-dead-funny|department=Page-Turner|title=Drunk Stoned Brilliant Dead Funny|first=Jennifer |last=Saura|date=November 19, 2010|magazine=The New Yorker))</ref>

==The magazine==
=== Publication history ===
''National Lampoon'' was started in 1969 by Harvard graduates and ''[[Harvard Lampoon]]'' alumni [[Douglas Kenney]], [[Henry Beard]], and [[Robert Hoffman (businessman)|Robert Hoffman]],<ref name=NYT2005>((cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/03/arts/03tapp.html|title=''National Lampoon'' Grows Up By Dumbing Down|author-link=Jake Tapper|first=Jake|last=Tapper|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 3, 2005))</ref> when they first licensed the "Lampoon" name for a monthly national publication.((efn|''[[The Harvard Lampoon]]'' established in 1876, was a long-standing tradition of the campus, influencing the later National Lampoon brand in its evolution from illustration-heavy publication to satirical wit, ranging from short fiction to comic strips.)) While still with ''The Harvard Lampoon'', in the years 1966 to 1969, Kenney and Beard had published a number of one-shot parodies of ''[[Playboy]]'', ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'', and [[Time (magazine)|Time]] magazines;<ref name=NYT1969>((cite news|title=National Laughs for Lampoon: What Harvard boys have hopefully been chuckling about for 93 years will be offered in March to a nation much in need of a laugh or two|department=Advertising|first=PHILIP H. |last=DOUGHERTY|date=November 24, 1969|page=75|work=The New York Times|url=https://nyti.ms/3TnfPCZ))</ref><ref name=AVClub2013 /> they had also written the popular [[J. R. R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] parody book ''[[Bored of the Rings]]''.<ref name=AVClub2013 />

The ''National Lampoon''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s first issue, dated April 1970, went on sale on March 19, 1970.<ref>((cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109313936/national-lampoon-introduced/ |title=New publication is strictly for laughs|first=Diane |last=White|work=Boston Globe|date=March 11, 1970|page=3|quote=The first issue, which is devoted entirely to sex, will go on sale Mar. 19.))</ref> Kenney (editor) and Beard (executive editor) oversaw the magazine's content, while Hoffman (managing editor) handled legal and business negotiations.<ref name=NYT1969 /><ref name=AVClub2013 /> After a shaky start, the magazine rapidly grew in popularity. Like ''The Harvard Lampoon,'' individual issues had themes, including such topics as "The Future", "Back to School", "Death", "Self-Indulgence", and "Blight". The sixth issue (September 1970), entitled "Show Biz", got the company in hot water with [[The Walt Disney Company]] after a lawsuit was threatened because of the issue's cover, which showed a drawing of [[Minnie Mouse]] topless, wearing [[pasties]].<ref name=Vulture>((cite news|date=June 25, 2013|title=Big and Glossy and Wonderful: The Birth of the 'National Lampoon' Magazine|first=Ellin |last=Stein|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|publisher=New York|url=https://www.vulture.com/2013/06/big-and-glossy-and-wonderful-the-birth-of-the-national-lampoon-magazine.html))</ref>
 
[[Image:TeddyVWad.jpg|right|thumb|200px|''National Lampoon''(('s)) fake [[Volkswagen Beetle]] print advertisement, created by Phil Socci, mocking [[Ted Kennedy]]'s [[Chappaquiddick incident]].]]
The magazine's finest period was from 1971 to 1975, when Beard, Hoffman, and a number of the original creators departed.<ref name=MVLNLS>((cite web|url=https://www.marksverylarge.com/intro/|title=Introduction|website=Mark's Very Large National Lampoon Site|first=Mark|last=Simonson))</ref> The ''National Lampoon''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s most successful sales period was 1973–75:((efn|The publishing industry's newsstand sales were excellent for many other magazines during that time: there were sales peaks for ''[[Mad (magazine)|Mad]]'' (more than 2 million), ''[[Playboy (magazine)|Playboy]]'' (more than 7 million), and ''[[TV Guide]]'' (more than 19 million).((citation needed|date=February 2024)) )) Its national circulation peaked at 1,000,096<ref name=NYT2005 /> copies sold of the October 1974 "Pubescence" issue.<ref>((cite web |url = http://www.marksverylarge.com/issues/7410.html |date = October 1974 |title = National Lampoon Issue #55 – Pubescence |access-date = July 24, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080723175712/http://www.marksverylarge.com/issues/7410.html |archive-date = July 23, 2008 |via=Mark's Very Large National Lampoon Website))</ref> The 1974 monthly average was 830,000, which was also a peak.((efn|Former ''Lampoon'' editor [[Tony Hendra]]'s book ''[[Going Too Far]]'' includes a series of precise circulation figures.<ref>((cite book|author-link=Tony Hendra|first=Tony|last=Hendra|title=Going too Far: the Rise and Demise of Sick, Gross, Black, Sophomoric, Weirdo, Pinko, Anarchist, Underground, Anti-establishment Humor |publisher=Dolphin Doubleday|date=1987|isbn=978-0-385-23223-4))</ref> ))

Although the glory days of ''National Lampoon'' ended in 1975, the magazine remained popular and profitable long after that point. As some of the original creators departed, the magazine saw the emergence of [[John Hughes (filmmaker)|John Hughes]] and editor-in-chief [[P.J. O'Rourke]], along with artists and writers such as Gerry Sussman, [[Ellis Weiner]], [[Tony Hendra]], [[Ted Mann (writer)|Ted Mann]], Peter Kleinman, Chris Cluess, Stu Kreisman, [[John Weidman]], [[Jeff Greenfield]], [[Bruce McCall]], and [[Rick Meyerowitz]].

''National Lampoon'' continued to be produced on a monthly schedule throughout the 1970s and the early 1980s, and did well during that time.

A more serious decline set in around the mid-1980s: as described in a ''New York Times'' profile of the magazine from August 1984, "circulation of the magazine has fallen from a high of 638,000 to about 450,000. Publishing revenues were down to $9 million in 1983 from $12.5 million in 1981."<ref name=NYT1984>((cite news|department=ADVERTISING|title= SINGLE SUBJECT FOR LAMPOON|first=Pamela G. |last=Hollie|date=Aug 7, 1984|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/07/business/advertising-single-subject-for-lampoon.html?smid=url-share))</ref> In 1985, each monthly issue was devoted to a single topic, with the first being a "A Misguided Tour of New York."<ref name=NYT1984 /> In November 1986, ''National Lampoon'' moved to a bimonthly schedule, publishing six issues a year instead of every month.

[[J2 Communications]], which bought the magazine and its properties in 1990, decided to focus on licensing the "National Lampoon" brand. Contractually obligated to publish at least one new issue of the magazine per year to retain the rights to the Lampoon name, J2 Communications had very little interest in the actual magazine; throughout the 1990s, the number of issues per year declined precipitously and erratically.

In 1991, an attempt at monthly publication was made; nine issues were produced that year,<ref>((cite news|title=National Lampoon Cuts Back|page=15 |work=The Comics Journal|number=145 |date=Oct 1991|department=Newswatch))</ref> and cartoonist [[Drew Friedman (cartoonist)|Drew Friedman]] come on board as comics editor, introducing the works of [[Daniel Clowes]] and [[Chris Ware]] to a wider audience.<ref>((cite news|title=Lampoon adds Friedman, Drops Sex|department=Newswatch|page=14|work=The Comics Journal|number=140 |date=Feb 1991))</ref>

Only two issues were released in 1992.<ref>((cite news|title=National Lampoon on Hiatus|page=26 |work=The Comics Journal |number=150 |date=May 1992 |department = Newswatch))</ref> This was followed by one issue in 1993,<ref>((cite news|title=National Lampoon Returns Again|page= 25 |work= The Comics Journal|number=158 |date=Apr 1993 |department=Newswatch))</ref> five in 1994, and three in 1995. For the last three years of its existence, the magazine was published only once a year. The final issue was published in 1998.

In 2007, in association with Graphic Imaging Technology, Inc., National Lampoon, Inc. released a collection of the entire 246 issues of the magazine in [[PDF]] format. The cover of the DVD box featured a remake of the January 1973 "Death" issue, with the caption altered to read "If You Don't Buy This DVD-ROM, We'll Kill This Dog". The pages are viewable on both [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] (starting with [[Windows 2000]]) and [[Mac (computer)|Macintosh]] (starting with [[OSX]]) systems.

===Cover art===
The magazine's original art directors were cartoonist Peter Bramley and Bill Skurski, founders of New York's Cloud Studio, an alternative-culture outfit known at the time for its eclectic style. Bramley created the ''Lampoon''(('s)) first cover and induced successful cartoonists [[Arnold Roth]] and [[Gahan Wilson]] to become regular contributors.

Beginning with the eighth issue, the art direction of the magazine was taken over by [[Michael C. Gross]], who directed the look of the magazine until 1974. Gross achieved a unified, sophisticated, and integrated look for the magazine, which greatly enhanced its humorous appeal.<ref name=Vulture /> A number of the ''National Lampoon''(('s)) most acerbic and humorous covers were designed or overseen by Gross, including:
* Court-martialed [[Vietnam War]] mass-murderer [[William Calley]] sporting the guileless grin of [[Alfred E. Neuman]], complete with the parody catchphrase 'What, [[My Lai]]?" (August 1971)<ref>((cite web |url = http://www.marksverylarge.com/issues/7108.html |title = National Lampoon Issue #17 – Bummer |date = August 1971 |access-date = July 24, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080612141443/http://www.marksverylarge.com/issues/7108.html |archive-date = June 12, 2008 ))</ref>
* The iconic Argentinian revolutionary [[Che Guevara]] being splattered with a cream pie (January 1972)<ref>((cite web |url = http://www.marksverylarge.com/issues/7201.html |title = National Lampoon Issue #22 – Is Nothing Sacred? |date = January 1972 |access-date = July 24, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080612140529/http://www.marksverylarge.com/issues/7201.html |archive-date = June 12, 2008 ))</ref>
* [[Cheeseface|A dog]] looking worriedly at the muzzle of a [[revolver]] pressed to its head, with what became a famous caption: "If You Don't Buy This Magazine, We'll Kill This Dog" (January 1973): The cover was conceived by writer [[Ed Bluestone]].<ref name="marksverylarge_34"/>((efn|"This month's superb cover idea was conceived by Ed Bluestone, and through skillful art direction and minimal interference from asshole editors, it became the tasteful entity you hold in your hands."<ref name="marksverylarge_34"/>)) Photographer Ronald G. Harris initially had a hard time making the dog's plight appear humorous instead of pathetic. The solution was to cock the revolver; the clicking sound caused the dog's eyes to shift into the position shown. This was the most famous ''Lampoon'' cover gag, and it was selected by [[American Society of Magazine Editors|ASME]] as the seventh-greatest magazine cover of the last 40 years.<ref name="marksverylarge_34">((cite web | url=http://www.marksverylarge.com/issues/7301.html | title=National Lampoon Issue #34 – Death | date=January 1973 | access-date=July 24, 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720191946/http://www.marksverylarge.com/issues/7301.html | archive-date=July 20, 2008))</ref><ref>[http://www.magazine.org/Press_Room/13806.cfm ASME Unveils Top 40 Magazine Covers] ((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208234224/http://www.magazine.org/Press_Room/13806.cfm |date=February 8, 2007 ))</ref><ref>[http://www.magazine.org/Editorial/Top_40_Covers/ ASME's Top 40 Magazine Covers of the Last 40 Years] ((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212114757/http://www.magazine.org/Editorial/Top_40_Covers/ |date=February 12, 2007 ))</ref> This issue is among the most coveted and collectible of all the National Lampoon's issues.
* A replica of the starving child from the cover of [[George Harrison]]'s charity album ''[[The Concert for Bangladesh (album)|The Concert for Bangladesh]]'', rendered in chocolate and with a large bite taken out of its head (July 1974)<ref>((cite web |url = http://www.marksverylarge.com/issues/7407.html |date = July 1974 |title = National Lampoon Issue #52 - Dessert |access-date = July 24, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080723175648/http://www.marksverylarge.com/issues/7407.html |archive-date = July 23, 2008 ))</ref>

Michael Gross and Doug Kenney chose a young designer from ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'' named [[Peter Kleinman]] to succeed the team of Gross and David Kaestle. During his'' Lampoon'' tenure, Kleinman was also the art director of [[Heavy Metal (magazine)|''Heavy Metal'']] magazine, published by the same company. The best known of Kleinman's'' Lampoon ''covers were "Stevie Wonder with 3-D Glasses" painted by Sol Korby,<ref>((cite web|url = http://lampoon.rwinters.com/Lampoon1975.htm |date=July 1975 | title=National Lampoon 1975|website=National Lampoon Covers: 1970 - 1998|first=Robert|last=Winters))</ref> a photographed "Nose to The Grindstone" cover depicting a man's face being pressed against a spinning grinder wheel for the ''Work'' issue, the "JFK's First 6000 Days" issue featuring a portrait of an old [[John F. Kennedy]], the "Fat Elvis" cover which appeared a year before [[Elvis Presley]] died, and many of the [[Mara McAfee]] covers done in a classic [[Norman Rockwell]] style. Kleinman designed the logos for ''[[Animal House]]'' and ''Heavy Metal.'' Kleinman left in 1979 to open an ad agency.

He was succeeded by Skip Johnson, the designer responsible for the ''[[Sunday Newspaper Parody]]'' and the "Arab Getting Punched in the Face" cover of the ''Revenge'' issue. Johnson went on to ''[[The New York Times]].'' He was followed by Michael Grossman, who changed the logo and style of the magazine.

In 1984, Kleinman returned as creative director and went back to the 1970s logo and style, bringing back many of the artists and writers from the magazine's heyday. He left four years later to pursue a career in corporate marketing. At that time, the ''National Lampoon'' magazine entered a period of precipitous decline.((citation needed|date=February 2024))

===Staff and contributors===
The magazine was an outlet for some notable writing talents, including [[Douglas Kenney]], [[Henry Beard]], [[George W. S. Trow]], [[Chris Miller (writer)|Chris Miller]], [[P. J. O'Rourke]], [[Michael O'Donoghue]], [[Anne Beatts]], [[Chris Rush]], [[Sean Kelly (writer)|Sean Kelly]], [[Tony Hendra]], [[Brian McConnachie]], Gerald Sussman, [[Derek Pell]], [[Ellis Weiner]], [[Ted Mann (writer)|Ted Mann]], Chris Cluess, [[Al Jean]], [[Mike Reiss]], Jeff Greenfield, [[John Hughes (filmmaker)|John Hughes]] and [[Ed Subitzky]].

The work of many important cartoonists, photographers, and illustrators appeared in the magazine's pages, including [[Neal Adams]], [[Gahan Wilson]], [[Robert Grossman (artist)|Robert Grossman]], Michael Sullivan, [[Ron Barrett]], Peter Bramley, [[Vaughn Bodē]], [[Bruce McCall]], [[Rick Meyerowitz]], [[Ralph Reese]], [[Warren Sattler]], [[M. K. Brown]], [[Shary Flenniken]], [[Bobby London]], [[Edward Gorey]], [[Jeff Jones (artist)|Jeff Jones]], [[Joe Orlando]], [[Arnold Roth]], [[Rich Grote]], [[Ed Subitzky]], [[Mara McAfee]], [[Sam Gross]], [[Charles Rodrigues]], [[Buddy Hickerson]], [[B. K. Taylor]], [[Birney Lettick]], [[Frank Frazetta]], [[Boris Vallejo]], [[Marvin Mattelson]], [[Stan Mack]], [[Chris Callis]], John E. Barrett, [[Raymond Kursar]], [[Andy Lackow]], and [[David C.K. McClelland]].

=== Features ===
====Editorials====
Every regular monthly issue of the magazine had an editorial at the front of the magazine. This often appeared to be straightforward but was always a parody. It was written by whoever was the editor of that particular issue, since that role rotated among the staff; [[Douglas Kenney]] had been the main writer of them for the first few issues. Some issues were guest-edited.

====True Facts====
"True Facts" was a section near the front of the magazine that contained true but ridiculous items from real life. Together with the [[Masthead (American publishing)|masthead]], it was one of the few parts of the magazine that was factual. As was explained in the introduction to the "True Facts" 1981 newsstand special, the "True Facts" column was started in 1972 by Henry Beard, and it was based on a feature called "True Stories" in the British publication ''[[Private Eye]]''. It was essentially a column of funny news briefs.

P. J. O'Rourke created the first "True Facts Section" in August 1977. This section included photographs of unintentionally funny signage, extracts from ludicrous newspaper reports, strange headlines, and so on.

In 1981 and for many subsequent years John Bendel was in charge of the "True Facts" section of the magazine. Bendel produced the 1981 newsstand special mentioned above. Several "True Facts" compilation books were published during the 1980s and early 90s, and several all-True-Facts issues of the magazine were published during the 1980s.

Steven Brykman edited the "True Facts" section of the National Lampoon website.

====Foto Funnies====
Most issues of the magazine featured one or more "Foto Funny" or [[Photonovel|fumetti]], comic strips that use photographs instead of drawings as illustrations. The characters who appeared in the Lampoon's Foto Funnies were usually the male writers, editors, artists, photographers, or contributing editors of the magazine, often cast alongside nude or semi-nude female models. In 1980, a paperback compilation book, ''National Lampoon Foto Funnies'' which appeared as a part of ''[[National Lampoon Comics]]'', was published.

====Funny Pages====
The "Funny Pages" was a large section at the back of the magazine that was composed entirely of [[comic strip]]s of various kinds. These included work from a number of artists who also had pieces published in the main part of the magazine, including Gahan Wilson, [[Ed Subitzky]] and [[Vaughn Bodē]], as well as artists whose work was only published in this section. The regular strips included "Dirty Duck" by [[Bobby London]], "Trots and Bonnie" by [[Shary Flenniken]], "The Appletons" and "Timberland Tales" by [[B. K. Taylor]], "Politeness Man" by [[Ron Barrett]], and many other strips. A compilation of Gahan Wilson's "Nuts" strip was published in 2011. The "Funny Pages" logo header art, which was positioned above Gahan Wilson's "Nuts" in each issue, and showed a comfortable, old-fashioned family reading newspaper-sized funny papers, was drawn by [[Michael Kaluta]].

==Corporate history==
=== Twenty First Century Communications ===
The company that owned and published the magazine was called [[Twenty First Century Communications, Inc.]]. At the outset, [[Jerry Taylor (publisher)|Gerald L. "Jerry" Taylor]] was the magazine's publisher, followed by William T. Lippe. The business side was controlled by [[Matty Simmons]], who was [[Chair (official)|chairman of the board]] and [[CEO]] of Twenty First Century Communications.

=== 1973–1975 creative and commercial zenith ===
The magazine was considered by many to be at its creative zenith in the period 1973–1975.<ref name=NYT2005 /> During this period, the magazine regularly published "special editions" which were sold simultaneously on [[newsstand]]s. Some of the special editions were "best-of" omnibus collections; others were entirely original. Additional projects included a calendar, a songbook, a collection of transfer designs for T-shirts, and a number of books. From time to time, the magazine advertised Lampoon-related merchandise for sale, including specially-designed T-shirts. The magazine sold yellow binders with the Lampoon logo, designed to store a year's worth of issues.

It was also during this time that ''[[Lemmings (National Lampoon)|National Lampoon: Lemmings]]'' show was staged and ''[[The National Lampoon Radio Hour]]'' was broadcast, bringing interest and acclaim to the National Lampoon brand<ref name=NYT2005 /> with magazine talent like writer [[Michael O'Donoghue]]. Comedy stars [[John Belushi]], [[Chevy Chase]], [[Gilda Radner]], [[Bill Murray]], [[Brian Doyle Murray]], [[Harold Ramis]], and [[Richard Belzer]] first gained national attention for their performances in those productions.

=== 1975 founders exit ===
In 1975, the three founders Kenney, Beard, and Hoffman left the magazine,<ref name=NYT2005 /> taking advantage of a [[buyout clause]] in their contracts for a shared total of $7.5 million<ref>((cite magazine |last = Hendra | first = Tony | author-link = Tony Hendra | date = June 1, 2002 | title = Morning in America: the rise and fall of the National Lampoon | magazine = [[Harper's Magazine]] | url = http://www.harpers.org/archive/2002/06/0079207)) ((Subscription))</ref> (although Kenney remained on the magazine's masthead as a senior editor until about 1976).

At about the same time, writers Michael O'Donoghue and [[Anne Beatts]] left NL to join ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', as did Chase, Belushi, and Radner, who left the troupe to join the original septet of ''SNL's'' [[Not Ready For Prime Time Players]].<ref name=Wayne />((efn|As described in multiple sources, including the documentary ''[[Drunk Stoned Brilliant Dead (film)|Drunk Stoned Brilliant Dead]]'', [[Matty Simmons]] "didn't bite when NBC invited him to work on its planned Saturday night comedy show. This, of course, became ''[[Saturday Night Live]].''"<ref name=NJcom>((cite web|title=National Lampoon's rise and fall |website=[[NJ.com]]|department= Jersey Retro: ENTERTAINMENT |date=Apr 22, 2016|first=Mark |last=Voger |agency=NJ Advance Media |url=https://www.nj.com/entertainment/2016/04/national_lampoon.html))</ref>)) Bill Murray replaced Chase when Chase left ''SNL'' after the first season, and Brian Doyle Murray later appeared as an ''SNL'' regular.<ref>((cite book|title=The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows 1946-Present|edition=8|date=2003|isbn=9780345455420|last1=Brooks|first1=Tim|last2=Marsh|first2=Earle|publisher=Ballantine Books))</ref>

Harold Ramis went on to star in the Canadian sketch show ''[[Second City Television|SCTV]]'' and assumed the role as its head writer, then left after season 1 to be a prolific director, writer, and actor, working on such films as ''[[Animal House]]'', ''[[Caddyshack]]'', ''[[Ghostbusters]]'', ''[[Groundhog Day (film)|Groundhog Day]]'' and many more. Brian Doyle Murray has had roles in dozens of films, and Belzer was an [[Emmy Award]]-winning TV actor.

=== ''Heavy Metal'' ===
((main|Heavy Metal (magazine)))
After a European trip in 1975 by [[Tony Hendra]] expressing interest in European comics, NL's New York offices attracted significant European comics material. In September 1976 editor [[Sean Kelly (writer)|Sean Kelly]] singled out the relatively new French anthology ''[[Métal hurlant]]'' (((literal translation|lk=yes|Howling Metal)), though Kelly translated it as "Screaming Metal")<ref name=TCJ94>((cite news|title=Screaming Metal|pages= 58–84|work=The Comics Journal|number=94|date=Oct 1984))</ref> and brought it to the attention of Twenty First Century Communications, Inc. president Leonard Mogel, who was departing for Germany and France to jump-start the French edition of ''National Lampoon''.<ref>((cite magazine |date=March 1977 |title=Heavy Metal Preview |magazine=National Lampoon |editor1-last=Hendra |editor1-first=Tony |editor2-last=Kelly |editor2-first=Sean |publisher=National Lampoon Inc. |pages=91–102))</ref> Upon Mogel's return from Paris, he reported that the French publishers had agreed to an English-language version.<ref>((cite news |last= Lofficier |first=Jean-Marc |author-link=Jean-Marc Lofficier |date=16 March 1996 |title=Giving Credit to Mogel |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-03-16-ca-47553-story.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220131171400/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-03-16-ca-47553-story.html |archive-date=31 January 2022 |url-status=live |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]))</ref>

''Heavy Metal'' debuted in the US with an April 1977 issue, as a glossy, full-color monthly published by '''HM Communications, Inc.''', a subsidiary of Twenty First Century Communications, Inc.<ref>((cite news|title=New Graphic Fantasy Magazine|page=1|work=Locus|volume=10|number= 2 (no. 199) |date=Feb 1977))</ref> The cover of the initial issue declared itself to be "From the people who bring you the ''National Lampoon''", and the issue primarily featured reprints from ''Métal hurlant'', as well as material from ''National Lampoon''.<ref>((cite news|title=Origins|page=3|work=Heavy Metal|number=1|date=Apr 1977))</ref> Since the color pages from ''Métal hurlant'' had already been shot in France, the budget to reproduce them in the US version was greatly reduced.((citation needed|date=January 2022))

===''Animal House'' and shift of focus ===
In 1978, after the huge success of ''[[National Lampoon's Animal House]]'', the company shifted focus from the magazine to NL-produced films. According to [[Tony Hendra]], "...[[Matty Simmons]] decided this particular goose could lay larger, better quality gold eggs if it emulated what he saw as ''Animal House,'' by which he meant adolescent.... The significance of the choice that was made in 1978 cannot be underestimated."<ref name=NYT2005 /> In late 1979, now only publishing ''National Lampoon'' and ''Heavy Metal'', Twenty First Century Communications, Inc. was renamed '''National Lampoon, Inc.'''<ref>((cite news |last=Dougherty |first=Philip H. |author-link=Philip H. Dougherty |date=12 September 1979 |title=Advertising |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/12/archives/advertising-mccanns-head-lists-priorities-interpublic-completes.html |work=[[New York Times]] |at=sec. D, p.12))</ref>

From 1982 to 1985, the company produced five more National Lampoon films: ''[[National Lampoon's Class Reunion]]'' (1982), ''[[National Lampoon's Movie Madness]]'' (1982), ''[[National Lampoon's Vacation]]'' (1983), ''[[Joy of Sex (film)|National Lampoon's Joy of Sex]]'' (1984), and ''[[National Lampoon's European Vacation]]'' (1985).

In 1985, company CEO Matty Simmons took over as the magazine's editor-in-chief.<ref name=NYT1984 /> He fired the entire editorial staff, and appointed his two sons, Michael and Andy Simmons, as editors<ref name=NYT2005 /> and Larry "Ratso" Sloman as executive editor. Peter Kleinman returned to the magazine as creative director and editor.

National Lampoon, Inc. made itself available for sale in late 1986. Upstart video distributor [[Vestron Video|Vestron Inc.]] attempted a takeover bid in December of that year, but board members rejected the offer.<ref>((Cite news|date=December 3, 1986|title=Natl. Lampoon Nixes Takeover By Vestron|pages=38, 40|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]))</ref> A short time later, the company board "agreed to be acquired by a Los Angeles-based group of private investors in a deal valued at more than $12 million."<ref name=NYT19861212>((cite news|department=COMPANY NEWS|title=Offer Accepted By Lampoon|date=Dec 12, 1986|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/12/business/company-news-offer-accepted-by-lampoon.html?smid=url-share))</ref> The group, calling itself "N.L. Acquisitions Inc." offered a bid of $7.25 per share (the company stock at that point trading at $6.125 a share).<ref name=NYT19861212 /> A few days later, "Giggle Acquisition Partnership No. 1," whose members included actor [[Bruce Willis]], "hinted ... that it might make a [[hostile bid]]" for the company.<ref>((cite news|department=COMPANY NEWS|title=Group Weighs Lampoon Bid|date=Dec 17, 1986|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/17/business/company-news-group-weighs-lampoon-bid.html?smid=url-share))</ref> Ultimately, nothing came of these bids, and Simmons remained in control of the board.

In 1989, the company produced ''[[National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation]]''.

=== Grodnik/Matheson takeover===
In 1988–1989, the company was the subject of a [[hostile takeover]]. On December 29, 1988, film producer [[Daniel Grodnik]] and actor [[Tim Matheson]]  (who played "Otter" in the magazine's first big hit, the 1978 film ''National Lampoon's [[Animal House]]'') filed with the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission|SEC]] that their production company, Grodnick/Matheson Co., had acquired voting control of 21.3 percent of National Lampoon Inc. stock and wanted to gain management control.<ref>((cite news |last=Farhi |first=Paul |date=December 30, 1988 |title=A Funny Twist for National Lampoon Inc. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1988/12/30/a-funny-twist-for-national-lampoon-inc/72c30398-da18-44ca-a5a6-a181b0bf90d0/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220201143828/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1988/12/30/a-funny-twist-for-national-lampoon-inc/72c30398-da18-44ca-a5a6-a181b0bf90d0/ |archive-date=February 1, 2022 |url-status=live))</ref> They were named to the company's board in January 1989, and eventually took control of the company by purchasing the ten-percent share of Simmons, who departed the company.<ref>((cite news |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=March 17, 1989 |title=An Actor Acquires Control of National Lampoon Inc. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/17/business/the-media-business-an-actor-acquires-control-of-national-lampoon-inc.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |at=sec.D, p.5))</ref><ref>((cite news |last=Delugach |first=Al |date=March 17, 1989 |title=Film Producers Matheson and Grodnik Buy Control of National Lampoon Inc. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-03-17-fi-1746-story.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220201150154/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-03-17-fi-1746-story.html |archive-date=February 1, 2022 |url-status=live |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]))</ref>

Grodnik and Matheson became the co-chairmen/co-CEOs. During their tenure, the stock went up from under $2 to $6, and the magazine was able to double its monthly ad pages. The company moved its headquarters from New York to Los Angeles to focus on film and television. The publishing operation stayed in New York.((citation needed|date=February 2024))

===J2 Communications era===
In 1990, Grodnik and Matheson sold the company — and more importantly, the rights to the [[brand name]] "National Lampoon") — to [[J2 Communications]] (a company previously known for marketing [[Tim Conway]]'s ''[[Tim Conway#Dorf|Dorf]]'' videos), headed by James P. Jimirro.<ref>((cite news|title=J2 Buys Lampoon|page= 10|work=[[The Comics Journal]] |number=137 |date=September 1990))</ref><ref>((cite news |date=10 March 1990 |title=National Lampoon Acquisition Set |author=Staff writer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/10/business/company-news-national-lampoon-acquisition-set.html |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |at=sec.1, p.33))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1990/10/26/New-owner-takes-over-National-Lampoon/5107656913600/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220201185503/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1990/10/26/New-owner-takes-over-National-Lampoon/5107656913600/ |archive-date=1 February 2022 |url-status=live |title=New owner takes over National Lampoon |last=McNary |first=Dave |date=26 October 1990 |website=United Press International))</ref> According to Jimirro, at that point, National Lampoon was "a moribund company that had been losing money since the early 1980s."<ref name=UPI1993 />
The property was considered valuable only as a [[brand|brand name]] that could be licensed out to other companies. The magazine itself was issued erratically and rarely from 1991 onwards; its final print publication was November 1998. (Meanwhile, in May 1992, J2 Communications sold ''[[Heavy Metal (magazine)|Heavy Metal]]'' to cartoonist and publisher [[Kevin Eastman]].)<ref>((cite news|title=Eastman Buying Heavy Metal|page= 23 |work= The Comics Journal|number=148 |date=Feb 1992|department=Newswatch))</ref>

In 1991, JT Communications began selling [[film rights]] to the "National Lampoon" name;<ref>((cite news|title=J2 Sells Lampoon Film Rights|page=34|work=The Comics Journal|number=146 |date=Nov 1991|department=Newswatch))</ref> it was paid for the use of the brand on such films as ''[[Loaded Weapon 1|National Lampoon's Loaded Weapon 1]]'' (1993), ''[[National Lampoon's Senior Trip]]'' (1995), ''[[National Lampoon's Golf Punks]]'' (1998), ''[[Van Wilder|National Lampoon's Van Wilder]]'' (2002), ''[[Repli-Kate|National Lampoon's Repli-Kate]]'' (2002), ''[[Blackball (film)|National Lampoon's Blackball]]'' (2003), and ''[[National Lampoon Presents: Jake's Booty Call]]'' (2003).((efn|The company was not involved in ''[[Vegas Vacation]]'' (1997), the fourth installment in National Lampoon's [[National Lampoon's Vacation (film series)|''Vacation'' film series]]. ''Vegas Vacation'' was the first theatrical ''Vacation'' film not to carry the ''National Lampoon'' label or a screenwriting credit from [[John Hughes (filmmaker)|John Hughes]]. Also, it is the only National Lampoon film to be released in the 1990s, and the final film released before ''National Lampoon'' magazine folded.)) During this period, the company also licensed the Lampoon brand for five [[Television film|made-for-television movies]], and one [[direct-to-video]] production. Although the licensing deals salvaged the company from bankruptcy,<ref name=UPI1993>((Cite news|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1993/11/30/National-Lampoons-parent-moves-into-black/9040754635600/ph|title=National Lampoon's parent moves into black|work=UPI|access-date=2018-03-22|language=en))</ref> many believe it damaged National Lampoon's reputation as a source of respected comedy.<ref name=NYT2005 />

In 1998, the magazine contract was renegotiated and, in a sharp reversal, J2 Communications was then prohibited from publishing future issues.((citation needed|date=February 2024)) J2, however, still owned the rights to the brand name, which it continued to franchise out to other users.

In 2002, the use of the Lampoon brand name and the rights to republish old material were sold<ref name=LATimes-2001>((cite news|title=Chief of J2 Communications to Resign, Sell His Shares|url=http://articles.latimes.com/keyword/j2-communications |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101043/http://articles.latimes.com/keyword/j2-communications|archive-date=Dec 8, 2015|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date= March 7, 2001|agency=[[Bloomberg News]]))</ref> to a new, and otherwise unrelated, company that chose to call itself [[National Lampoon, Inc.]] Jimirro stayed on as CEO, serving until 2005.((citation needed|date=February 2024))

==Related media==
During its most active period, the magazine spun off numerous productions in a wide variety of media.
''National Lampoon'' released books, special issues, anthologies, and other print pieces, including:<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.marksverylarge.com/booksetc/booksetc.html|title=National Lampoon Books & Anthologies Index|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217205007/http://www.marksverylarge.com/booksetc/booksetc.html|archive-date=February 17, 2010))</ref>

===Special editions===
* ''[[The Best of National Lampoon No. 1]]'', 1971, an anthology
* ''[[The Breast of National Lampoon]]'' (a "Best of" No. 2), 1972, an anthology
* ''[[The Best of National Lampoon No. 3]]'', 1973, an anthology, art directed by Michael Gross
* ''[[National Lampoon The Best of No. 4|National Lampoon The Best of #4]]'', 1973, an anthology, art directed by Gross
* ''[[The National Lampoon Encyclopedia of Humor]]'', 1973, edited by Michael O'Donoghue and art directed by Gross.<br />This publication featured the fake [[Volkswagen]] ad seen above, which was written by Anne Beatts. The spoof was listed in the contents page as "[[Doyle Dane Bernbach]]", the name of the advertising agency that had produced the iconic 1960s ad campaign for Volkswagen. According to Mark Simonson's "Very Large National Lampoon Site": "If you buy a copy of this issue, you may find the ad is missing. As a result of a lawsuit by VW over the ad for unauthorized use of their trademark, NatLamp was forced to remove the page (with razor blades!) from any copies they still had in inventory (which, from what I gather, was about half the first printing of 250,000 copies) and all subsequent reprints."<ref>((cite web|title=28. VW Ad Parody|date=July 20, 1998|url=https://www.marksverylarge.com/1998/07/20/28/|website=Mark's Very Large National Lampoon Site|first=Mark|last=Simonson))</ref>
* ''[[National Lampoon Comics]]'', an anthology, 1974, art directed by Gross and David Kaestle
* ''[[National Lampoon The Best of No. 5]]'', 1974, an anthology, art directed by Gross and Kaestle
* ''[[National Lampoon 1964 High School Yearbook Parody]]'', 1974, Edited by P.J. O'Rourke and Doug Kenney, art directed by Kaestle.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.marksverylarge.com/booksetc/yearbook.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320233730/http://www.marksverylarge.com/booksetc/yearbook.html|archive-date=March 20, 2012|department=Books & Anthologies|title=National Lampoon 1964 High School Yearbook Parody |date=1974|work=Mark's Very Large National Lampoon Site|first=Mark|last=Simonson))</ref>
* ''[[National Lampoon Presents The Very Large Book of Comical Funnies]]'', 1975, edited by Sean Kelly
* ''[[National Lampoon The 199th Birthday Book]]'', 1975, edited by Tony Hendra
* ''[[National Lampoon The Gentleman's Bathroom Companion]]'', 1975 edited by Hendra, art directed by Peter Kleinman
* ''[[Official National Lampoon Bicentennial Calendar 1976]]'', 1975, written and compiled by [[Christopher Cerf (musician and television producer)|Christopher Cerf]] & Bill Effros
* ''[[National Lampoon Art Poster Book]]'', 1975, Design direction by Peter Kleinman
* ''The Best of National Lampoon No. 6'', 1976, an anthology
* ''[[National Lampoon The Iron On Book]]'' 1976, Original T-shirt designs, edited by Tony Hendra, art directed by Peter Kleinman.
* ''[[National Lampoon Songbook]]'', 1976, edited by Sean Kelly, musical parodies in sheet music form
* ''[[National Lampoon The Naked and the Nude|National Lampoon The Naked and the Nude: Hollywood and Beyond]]'', 1977, written by Brian McConnachie
* ''The Best of National Lampoon No. 7'', 1977, an anthology
* ''[[National Lampoon Presents French Comics]]'', 1977, edited by [[Peter Kaminsky]], translators Sophie Balcoff, Sean Kelly, and Valerie Marchant
* ''[[National Lampoon The Up Yourself Book]]'', 1977, Gerry Sussman
* ''[[National Lampoon Gentleman's Bathroom Companion 2]]'', 1977, art directed by Peter Kleinman.
* ''[[National Lampoon The Book of Books]]'', 1977 edited by Jeff Greenfield, art directed by Peter Kleinman
* ''The Best of National Lampoon No. 8'', 1978, an anthology, Cover photo by Chris Callis, art directed by Peter Kleinman
* ''[[National Lampoon's Animal House Book]]'', 1978, [[Chris Miller (writer)|Chris Miller]], [[Harold Ramis]], [[Doug Kenney]] — art direction by Peter Kleinman and Judith Jacklin Belushi
* ''[[National Lampoon Sunday Newspaper Parody]]'', 1978 (claiming to be a Sunday issue of the [[Dacron]], [[Ohio]] (a spoof on [[Akron, Ohio]]) ''Republican–Democrat'', this publication was originally issued in loose newsprint sections, mimicking a genuine American Sunday newspaper.) Art Direction and Design by Skip Johnston
* ''[[National Lampoon Presents Claire Bretécher]]'', 1978, work by [[Claire Bretécher]], French satirical cartoonist, 1978, [[Sean Kelly (writer)|Sean Kelly]] (editor), Translator [[Valerie Marchant]]
* ''[[Slightly Higher in Canada]]'', 1978, Anthology of Canadian humor from National Lampoon. [[Sean Kelly (writer)|Sean Kelly]] and [[Ted Mann (writer)|Ted Mann]] (Editors)
* ''[[Cartoons Even We Won't Dare Print]]'', 1979, [[Sean Kelly (writer)|Sean Kelly]] and [[John Weidman]] (Editors), Simon and Schuster
* ''[[National Lampoon The Book of Books]]'', 1979, Edited by Jeff Greenfield. Designed and Art Directed by Peter Kleinman
* ''[[National Lampoon Tenth Anniversary Anthology 1970–1980]]'' 1979 Edited by P.J. O'Rourke, art directed by Peter Kleinman
* ''National Lampoon Best Of #9: The Good Parts 1978-1980'', 1981, the last anthology.

===Books===
* ((cite book|title=[[Would You Buy a Used War from This Man?]]|date=1972|editor-first=Henry |editor-last=Beard|publisher= Warner Paperback Library|isbn=978-0446657983|editor-link=Henry Beard))
* ((cite book|title=[[Letters from the Editors of National Lampoon]]|date=1973|editor-first=Brian |editor-last=McConnachie|isbn=978-0-446-75082-0|publisher=Warner Paperback Library|editor-link=Brian McConnachie))
* ((cite book|title=[[National Lampoon This Side of Parodies]]|date=1974|editor-first1=Brian |editor-last1=McConnachie |editor-first2= Sean |editor-last2=Kelly|editor-link2=Sean Kelly (writer)|isbn= 978-0446784283|publisher=Warner Paperback Library))
* ((cite book|title=National Lampoon: The Paperback Conspiracy|date=1974|editor-first=Brian |editor-last=McConnachie|publisher=Warner Paperback Library|isbn=978-0446764308)) — anthology
* ((cite book|title=[[The Job of Sex]]: a Workingman's Guide to Productive Lovemaking |date=1974 |editor-first1= Brian |editor-last1=McConnachie|publisher=Warner Paperback Library|isbn= 0446764299|oclc = 3107304))
* ((cite book|title=A Dirty Book!: Sexual Humor from the ''National Lampoon''|date=1976 |editor-link=P. J. O'Rourke|editor-first=P. J.|editor-last=O'Rourke|publisher= Signet|isbn=978-0451068996))
* ((cite book|title=Another Dirty Book!: Sexual Humor from the ''National Lampoon''|date=1976 |editor-first3=Elsie|editor-last3=Cagan|editor-link1=P. J. O'Rourke|editor-first1=P. J.|editor-last1=O'Rourke|editor-first2=Peter|editor-last2=Kaminsky|publisher= Signet|isbn= 9780451085658))
* ((cite book|title=[[National Lampoon's Doon]]|date=1984|first=Ellis|last=Weiner|author-link=Ellis Weiner|publisher=Pocket Books|isbn=0-671-54144-7))

==== "True Facts" special editions and books((efn|There were also four all-"True-Facts" regular issues of the magazine, in 1985, 1986, 1987, and 1988.)) ====
* 1981 ''National Lampoon True Facts'', compiled by [[John Bendel]] — special edition
* 1982 ''National Lampoon Peekers & Other True Facts'', by John Bendel — special edition
* ((cite book|date=1991 |title=National Lampoon Presents True Facts: The Book|editor-first=John |editor-last=Bendel|publisher= Contemporary Press (now part McGraw-Hill)|isbn=978-0809240067)) — "Amazing Ads, Stupefying Signs, Weird Wedding Announcements, and Other Absurd-but-True Samples of Real-Life Funny Stuff"
* ((cite book|date=1992 |title=National Lampoon Presents More True Facts: An All-New Collection of Absurd-But-True Real-Life Funny Stuff|publisher=Contemporary Press|isbn=978-0809239429|editor-first=John|editor-last=Bendel))
* ((cite book|date=2004 |title=National Lampoon's Big Book of True Facts: Brand-New Collection of Absurd-but-True Real-Life Funny Stuff|editor-first=Scott|editor-last=Rubin|publisher=Rugged Land|isbn= 978-1590710296))

===Recordings===

====Vinyl and cassette tapes ====
* 1972 ''[[National Lampoon Radio Dinner]]'', 1972, produced by [[Tony Hendra]]
* 1973 ''[[Lemmings (National Lampoon)|Lemmings]]'', an album of material taken from the stage show ''Lemmings'', and produced by Tony Hendra
* 1974 ''[[The Missing White House Tapes]]'', an album taken from the radio show, creative directors Tony Hendra and [[Sean Kelly (writer)|Sean Kelly]]
* 1975 ''[[National Lampoon Gold Turkey]]'', creative director [[Brian McConnachie]]. Cover Photography by Chris Callis. Art Direction by Peter Kleinman
* 1975 ''[[National Lampoon Goodbye Pop 1952–1976]]'', creative director Sean Kelly
* 1977 ''[[That's Not Funny, That's Sick]]'', art-directed by Peter Kleinman. Illustrated by [[Sam Gross]]
* 1978 ''[[Animal House#Soundtrack and score|Original Motion Picture Soundtrack:
National Lampoon's Animal House]]'', soundtrack album from the movie
* 1978 ''[[Greatest Hits of the National Lampoon]]''
* 1979 ''[[National Lampoon White Album]]''
* 1982 ''[[Sex, Drugs, Rock 'N' Roll & the End of the World]]''

==== Vinyl only ====
* 1974 ''[[Official National Lampoon Stereo Test and Demonstration Record]]'', conceived by and written by [[Ed Subitzky]]

==== Vinyl [[Single (music)|singles]] ====
* 1972 "[[Deteriorata]]" — a snide parody, written by Tony Hendra, of [[Les Crane]]'s 1971 hit "[[Desiderata (Les Crane album)|Desiderata]]"; it stayed on the lower reaches of the ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' magazine charts for a month in late 1972. "Deteriorata" also became one of ''National Lampoon''(('s)) best-selling posters.((citation needed|date=March 2024))
* 1978 The galumphing theme to ''[[Animal House]]'' rose slightly higher and charted slightly longer in December 1978.

==== Cassette tape only ====
* 1980 ''[[The Official National Lampoon Car Stereo Test & Demonstration Tape]]'', conceived and written by [[Ed Subitzky]]

====CDs====
* A single CD release, ''[[National Lampoon Gold Turkey]]'' recordings from ''[[The National Lampoon Radio Hour]]'', was released by [[Rhino Records]] in 1996.
* A three-CD boxed set ''[[Buy This Box or We'll Shoot This Dog: The Best of the National Lampoon Radio Hour]]'' was released in 1996.

Many of the older albums that were originally on vinyl have been re-issued as CDs and a number of tracks from certain albums are available as MP3s.

===Radio===
* ''[[The National Lampoon Radio Hour]]'' was a nationally syndicated [[radio]] comedy show which was on the air weekly from 1973 to 1974. (For a complete listing of shows, see the National Lampoon Radio Hour Show Index.)<ref>((cite web |url = http://www.marksverylarge.com/nlrh/nlrhshows.html |title = National Lampoon Radio Hour Show Index |access-date = July 24, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080920122415/http://www.marksverylarge.com/nlrh/nlrhshows.html |archive-date = September 20, 2008 ))</ref>

Former ''Lampoon'' editor [[Tony Hendra]] later revived this format in 2012 for ''[[National Lampoon, Inc.#Podcasts|The Final Edition Radio Hour]]'',<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/us/culture/the-final-edition/258570/tony-hendra-takes-the-heat-for-national-lampoon-radio-hour-s-return |title=Tony Hendra Takes The Heat for National Lampoon Radio Hour’s Return: The Final Edition Radio Hour pulls the trigger on a thousand offenses, but don’t shoot Tony Hendra over it|first=Tony |last=Sokol|date=September 21, 2016|work=Den of Geek))</ref> which became a [https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/national-lampoon-presents-the-final-edition-radio-hour/id1054832570?mt=2 podcast for National Lampoon, Inc.] in 2015.
* ''[[True Facts]]'', 1977–1978, written by and starring Peter Kaminsky, Ellis Weiner, Danny Abelson, Sylvia Grant

===Theater===
* 1973 ''[[National Lampoon's Lemmings|Lemmings]]'' — ''National Lampoon''(('s)) most successful theatrical venture. The [[off-Broadway]] production took the form of a parody of the [[Woodstock Festival]]. Co-written by [[Tony Hendra]] and [[Sean Kelly (writer)|Sean Kelly]], and directed and produced by Hendra, it introduced [[John Belushi]], [[Chevy Chase]], and [[Christopher Guest]] in their first major roles. The show formed several companies and ran for a year at New York's [[Village Gate]].
* 1975 ''The National Lampoon Show'', with John Belushi, [[Brian Doyle-Murray]], [[Bill Murray]], [[Gilda Radner]], and [[Harold Ramis]], opened off-Broadway and toured nationally for a year.<ref name=BluRay>((cite web|url=https://www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=6905|title=The Making of National Lampoon's Animal House|date=July 21, 2011|first=Robert |last=Siegel|work=Blu-ray.com))</ref>
* 1977 ''That's Not Funny, That's Sick'', toured the US and Canada,<ref name=BluRay /> later was the name of an [[That's Not Funny, That's Sick|NL album]]
* 1979 ''[[If We're Late, Start Without Us!]]'', head writer Sean Kelly
* 1986 ''[[National Lampoon's Class of '86]]'' — performed at the [[Village Gate]] in 1986, aired on cable in the 1980s, and was subsequently available on VHS.

===Television===
* 1979 ''[[Delta House]]'', [[Universal Television]] for [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC-TV]]((efn|Two derivative [[frat house]] projects, NBC's ''[[Brothers and Sisters (1979 TV series)|Brothers and Sisters]]'' and CBS' ''[[Co-Ed Fever]]'', aired at the same time. None of the series were successful.))
* 1990 ''[[National Lampoon's Comedy Playoffs]]'', [[Showtime Networks]]

===Films===
((More citations needed section|date=February 2009))
((Further|List of National Lampoon films))
Considerable ambiguity exists about what actually constitutes a ''National Lampoon'' film.

During the 1970s and early 1980s, a few films were made as spin-offs from the original ''National Lampoon'' magazine, using its creative staff. The first theatrical release, and by far the most successful ''National Lampoon'' film was ''[[Animal House|National Lampoon's Animal House]]'' (1978). Starring John Belushi and written by Doug Kenney, Harold Ramis, and [[Chris Miller (writer)|Chris Miller]], it became the highest-grossing comedy film of that time.<ref name=NYT2005 /> Produced on a low budget, it was so enormously profitable that, from that point on for the next two decades, the name "National Lampoon" applied to the title of a movie was considered to be a valuable selling point in and of itself.

Numerous movies were subsequently made that had "National Lampoon" as part of the title. Many of these were unrelated projects because, by that time, the name "National Lampoon" could simply be licensed on a one-time basis, by any company, for a fee. Critics such as the ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Roger Moore and ''[[The New York Times]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki> Andrew Adam Newman<ref name=NYT2007>((cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/25/business/media/25lampoon.html | work=The New York Times | title=National Lampoon Stakes Revival on Making Own Films | date=June 25, 2007|first= Andrew Adam|last= Newman))</ref> have written about the cheapening of the ''National Lampoon''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s movie imprimatur; in 2006, an [[Associated Press]] review said: "The National Lampoon, once a brand name above nearly all others in comedy, has become shorthand for pathetic frat boy humor."<ref name=NYT2007 /> (For the purpose of this article, only films made as spin-offs from the original ''National Lampoon'' magazine, using some of the magazine's creative staff to put together the outline and script, and/r were cast using actors from ''[[The National Lampoon Radio Hour]]'' and ''[[National Lampoon's Lemmings]]'' are considered.)
<!-- 
MOST ONLINE SOURCES SAY THIS FILM WAS FIRST BROADCAST IN FEB. 1979, SO AFTER ''ANIMAL HOUSE'' The first of the "Intercontinental Lampoon" movies was a not-very-successful [[made-for-TV]] movie, ''[[Disco Beaver from Outer Space]]'', broadcast in 1978.
-->
; National Lampoon's Animal House''
In 1978, ''National Lampoon's [[Animal House]]'' was released. Made on a small budget, it did phenomenally well at the box office. In 2001, the United States [[Library of Congress]] considered the film "culturally significant" and preserved it in the [[National Film Registry]].

The script had its origins in a series of short stories that had been previously published in the magazine. These included Chris Miller's "Night of the Seven Fires", which dramatized a fraternity initiation and included the characters Pinto and Otter, which contained prose versions of the toga party, the "road trip", and the dead horse incident. Another source was Doug Kenney's "First Lay Comics",<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.wtv-zone.com/silverager/interviews/grell.shtml|title=Mike Grell interview|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430160416/http://www.wtv-zone.com/silverager/interviews/grell.shtml|archive-date=Apr 30, 2012|website=The Silver Age Sage|date=2009|interviewer= B.D.S.))</ref> which included the angel and devil scene and the grocery-cart affair. According to the authors, most of these elements were based on real incidents.

The film was of great cultural significance to its time, as ''[[The New York Times]]'' describes the magazine's 1970s period as "Hedonism ... in full sway and political correctness in its infancy."<ref>((cite news|title=Review: The Good Old Tasteless Days in 'Drunk Stoned Brilliant Dead'|first=Stephen |last=Holden|date=Sep 24, 2015|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/25/movies/review-the-good-old-tasteless-days-in-drunk-stoned-brilliant-dead.html))</ref> ''[[Animal House]]'', as the article describes, was a crucial film manifestation of that culture. An article from ''[[The Atlantic]]'' describes how ''Animal House'' captures the struggle between an "elitist <nowiki>[</nowiki>fraternity<nowiki>]</nowiki> who willingly aligned itself with the establishment, and the kind full of kooks who refused to be tamed."<ref>((cite news|title=Pop Culture's War on Fraternities: Animal House and its many descendants didn't glorify the Greek system—they mocked it.|first=Ashley|last=Fetters|date=Feb 28, 2014|work=The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2014/02/pop-cultures-war-on-fraternities/284126/#))</ref> That concept was a crucial element of the original ''National Lampoon'' magazine, according to a ''[[New York Times]]'' article concerning its early years and co-founder Douglas Kenney's brand of comedy as a "liberating response to a rigid and hypocritical culture."<ref name=NYT2018 />

; ''National Lampoon Goes to the Movies''

Also known as ''[[National Lampoon's Movie Madness]]'', this commercially disappointing collection of three genre parodies was made in 1981, before ''National Lampoon's Class Reunion'' but released the following year.

; ''National Lampoon's Class Reunion''
<!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[Image:National Lampoons Class Reunion movie poster.jpg|thumb|125px|Movie poster of ''National Lampoon's Class Reunion'']] -->
This 1982 movie was an attempt by [[John Hughes (filmmaker)|John Hughes]] to make something similar to ''Animal House''. ''[[National Lampoon's Class Reunion]]'' was not successful.

; ''National Lampoon's Vacation''
<!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[Image:Vacation1983.jpg|thumb|125px|Movie poster of ''National Lampoon's Vacation'']] -->
Released in 1983, the movie ''[[National Lampoon's Vacation]]'' was based upon John Hughes's ''National Lampoon'' story "Vacation '58". The movie's financial success gave rise to several follow-up films, including ''[[National Lampoon's European Vacation]]'' (1985), ''[[National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation]]'' (1989), based on John Hughes's "Christmas '59", ''[[Vegas Vacation]]'' (1997), and most recently ''[[Vacation (2015 film)|Vacation]]'' (2015), all featuring [[Chevy Chase]].

====Similar films====
The [[Robert Altman]] film ''[[O.C. and Stiggs]]'' (1987) was based on two characters who had been featured in several written pieces in ''National Lampoon'' magazine, including an issue-long story from October 1982 entitled "The Utterly Monstrous, Mind-Roasting Summer of O.C. and Stiggs." Completed in 1984, the film was not released until 1987, when it was shown in a small number of theaters and without the "National Lampoon" name. It was not a success.

Following the success of ''Animal House'', ''[[mad (magazine)|MAD]]''  magazine lent its name to a 1980 comedy titled ''[[Up the Academy]]''. Although two of ''Animal House''(('s)) co-writers were the ''Lampoon''(('s)) Doug Kenney and Chris Miller, ''Up The Academy'' was strictly a licensing maneuver, with no creative input from ''Mad''(('s)) staff or contributors. It was a critical and commercial failure.

==Film about the magazine==
In 2015, a documentary film was released called ''[[National Lampoon: Drunk Stoned Brilliant Dead]]''. The film featured a great deal of content from the magazine, as well as interviews with staff members and fans, and it explains how the magazine changed the course of humor.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.riverfronttimes.com/stlouis/how-the-national-lampoon-changed-american-comedy-then-died/Content?oid=3029487|title = How the National Lampoon Changed American Comedy, then Died|work=[[Riverfront Times]]|first= Robert |last=Hunt|date=Oct 14, 2015))</ref>

The 2018 film ''[[A Futile and Stupid Gesture (film)|A Futile and Stupid Gesture]]'', a biography of co-founder [[Douglas Kenney]], also depicts the magazine's early years. The film was described by a 2018 ''[[New York Times]]'' article as a "snapshot of a moment where comedy's freshest counter-culture impulse was gleefully crass and willfully offensive." In the same article, Kenney was said to "spot a comical hollowness and rot in the society he and his peers were trained to join."<ref name=NYT2018>((cite news|department=NEW SENTENCES|title=New Sentences: From 'A Futile and Stupid Gesture'|first= Nitsuh |last=Abebe|date=Feb 22, 2018|work=The New York Times Magazine|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/22/magazine/new-sentences-from-a-futile-and-stupid-gesture.html))</ref>

==Further reading==
* ((cite book|title=[[Going Too Far]]: the Rise and Demise of Sick, Gross, Black, Sophomoric, Weirdo, Pinko, Anarchist, Underground, Anti-Establishment Humor|author-link=Tony Hendra|first=Tony|last=Hendra|date=1987|publisher=Doubleday|location= New York|isbn=978-0-385-23223-4))
* ((cite book|title=[[A Futile and Stupid Gesture]]: How Doug Kenney and National Lampoon Changed Comedy Forever|first=Josh |last=Karp |date=2006|publisher=Chicago Review Press|isbn=1-55652-602-4))
* ((cite book|title=Drunk Stoned Brilliant Dead: The Writers and Artists Who Made National Lampoon Insanely Great|author-link=Rick Meyerowitz|first=Rick |last=Meyerowitz|publisher = Harry N. Abrams|date= 2010| isbn = 978-0-8109-8848-4))
* ((cite news|title=Juvenile, puerile, sophomoric, jejune, nutty‐and funny|first=Mopsy Strange |last=Kennedy|date=Dec 10, 1972|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/10/archives/juvenile-puerile-sophomoric-jejune-nuttyand-funny-lampoon.html|pages=447, 448, 510, 512, 514, 515))
* ((cite book|title=Mr. Mike: The Life and Work of Michael O'Donoghue|first= Dennis |last=Perrin|date=1998|publisher=Avon Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0-380-97330-9))
* ((cite book|title=[[If You Don't Buy This Book, We'll Kill This Dog!]] Life, Laughs, Love, & Death at National Lampoon|date=1994|author-link=Matty Simmons|first=Matty|last=Simmons|publisher= Barricade Books|location=New York| isbn=978-1-56980-002-7))
* ((cite book|title=[[That's Not Funny, That's Sick (book)|That's Not Funny, That's Sick]]: The National Lampoon and the Comedy Insurgents Who Captured the Mainstream|first= Ellin|last= Stein|date=2013|publisher= W. W. Norton & Company|location=New York|isbn=978-0-393-07409-3))<ref name=AVClub2013>((cite news|title=How National Lampoon became the lost paradise and missing link of modern comedy|first=Phil|last= Dyess-Nugent|date=July 31, 2013|work=[[The A.V. Club]]|url=https://www.avclub.com/how-national-lampoon-became-the-lost-paradise-and-missi-1798239708))</ref>

==Notes==
((notelist))

==References==
((reflist|30em))

==External links==
* [http://www.marksverylarge.com/ Mark's Very Large ''National Lampoon'' Site]
* [http://lampoon.rwinters.com/ Gallery of all ''National Lampoon'' covers, 1970-1998]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080907173829/http://michaelcgross.com/design/index.html Gallery of art director Michael Gross' covers and art]
* ((gcdb series|id= 59047 |title=National Lampoon))
* [https://www.imdb.com/keyword/national-lampoon-series/ List of ''National Lampoon'' movies]
* ((Discogs artist|National Lampoon|National Lampoon))
* Two-part interview with [[Anne Beatts]], the ''Lampoon's'' first female contributing editor, on her involvement with the magazine: [http://www.maximumfun.org/blog/2007/03/anne-beatts-on-joining-national-lampoon.html Part One] | [http://www.maximumfun.org/blog/2007/04/anne-beatts-pt-2.html Part Two]

((National Lampoon))

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