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((History of Vietnam |related |BC=yes))
((more citations needed|date=November 2017))
((weasel words|date=November 2017))
Army and warfare made their first appearance in Vietnamese history during the 3rd millennium BC. Throughout thousands of years, wars played a great role in shaping the identity and culture of people inhabited the land which is modern day Vietnam.

==Early period==

From the beginning of the founding of the Vietnamese Nation in the 1st millennium BC, the [[Hùng Vương]] period spawned many legends of fighting against seaborne invasions of Quynh Chau (now China) from the north and Ho Ton (later to become Champa) from the south. During the era of the [[Âu Lạc|Kingdom of Âu Lạc]], when the [[Cổ Loa Citadel]] was constructed, King [[An Dương Vương]] relied on the Hoang Giang River as a natural fortification to protect the south flank of the citadel. In the 6th century, Emperor [[Lý Nam Đế]] built naval forces to fend off the invasion of [[Liang dynasty]]'s (China) forces in the [[Tô Lịch River]], Dien Triet lake; and then, King [[Triệu Quang Phục]] used guerrilla tactics against the Chinese military at Da Trach lagoon ([[now Khoái Châu District|Khoái Châu]], [[Hải Dương]]).<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.qdnd.vn/qkqd/vi-vn/110/342/truyen-thong-quan-thuy-cua-cha-ong-trong-lich-su-dan-toc/178872.html |title=Truyền thống quân thủy của cha ông trong lịch sử dân tộc – Quân chủng Hải quân |publisher=Qdnd.vn |date=15 October 2009 |access-date=21 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130421211812/http://www.qdnd.vn/qkqd/vi-vn/110/342/truyen-thong-quan-thuy-cua-cha-ong-trong-lich-su-dan-toc/178872.html |archive-date=21 April 2013 ))</ref>

In the 10th century, the Imperial Vietnamese Navy became a regularised force. Naval forces of [[Khúc Thừa Dụ]] in Hong Chau (now [[Ninh Giang District]], [[Hải Dương]]), [[Dương Đình Nghệ]] in Ai Chau, [[Thanh Hóa Province|Thanh Hóa]] and of King [[Ngô Quyền]] himself were raised by enlisting and training the fishermen along rivers and seasides. Those elements became well-trained and experienced naval forces, ready to protect the country.

==Dynastic period==

[[File:ThuyenchienDaiViet2.JPG|left|thumb|Model of 17th century gunboat]]
In [[Lý dynasty|Lý]]&ndash;[[Trần dynasty]] era, the dynasties were occupied with raising naval forces and naval bases. Particularly, the [[Vân Đồn District|Vân Đồn port]] had an important role in protecting the northeast territorial waters of Vietnam. In 1075 Lý Thường Kiệt mobilised a fleet to ferry 50,000 marines across the [[Gulf of Tonkin]] to invade [[Qinzhou]], China. The [[amphibious assault]] was well planned and executed with incredible speed that Qinzhou's garrison was totally taken by surprise. The fortress town was taken in one night.

To retaliate, the Song dynasty of China mustered a huge invasion force, with a naval arm to provide support to land operations. They were already fearful of Vietnam's reputation at sea combat, thus a large enough force was organised so as to "not lose even if they can't score a win". Lý Kế Nguyên, a Vietnamese commander stationed in Vân Đồn, Quảng Ninh, however, had absolute confidence in his fleet that he went on the offensive and took on the Chinese invasion fleet on the high sea. Lý defeated the Chinese so badly that their admiral sent messengers to urge Chinese coastal guards to fortify their post in fear of a reverse-invasion.

In 1077, the Imperial Vietnamese Navy fought the Battle of [[Cầu River]] against the Chinese [[Song dynasty]] forces. This was the final battle Song dynasty would fight on Vietnamese land or waters. The battle lasted for several months, and ended with the victory of the Vietnamese Navy and the loss of many Song sailors. This victory demonstrated the successful tactics of war and active defence of the famous Admiral [[Lý Thường Kiệt]] who faced a naval force numerically superior to his own.<ref name=Le6971>((harvnb|Phan Huy Lê, Bùi Đăng Dũng, Phan Đại Doãn, Phạm Thị Tâm, Trần Bá Chí|1998|pp=69–71))</ref> The Song dynasty lost a total of 8,000 soldiers/sailors and 5.19 million ounces of silver, including all costs of the war.<ref name=Le7275>((harvnb|Phan Huy Lê, Bùi Đăng Dũng, Phan Đại Doãn, Phạm Thị Tâm, Trần Bá Chí|1998|pp=72–75))</ref>

The [[Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư]] records that in 1467 in An Bang province of Đại Việt (now [[Quảng Ninh Province]]) a Chinese ship blew off course onto the shore. The Chinese were detained and not allowed to return to China as ordered by Emperor [[Lê Thánh Tông]].<ref>Cooke (2011), p. 108 ((Google books|7mlKjn3FfoMC|The Tongking Gulf Through History|page=108))</ref><ref>((cite web|title=CÓ MỘT VÂN ĐỒN Ở GIỮA YÊN BANG, YÊN QUẢNG KHÔNG TĨNH LẶNG|author=PGS.TSKH Nguyễn Hải Kế (Associate Professor Dr. Nguyen Hai Ke)|url=http://khoalichsu.edu.vn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=416:co-mt-van-n-gia-yen-bang-yen-qung-khong-tnh-lng-pgstskh-nguyn-hi-k&catid=25:bai-vit&Itemid=33|publisher=广州日报大洋网(http://www.dayoo.com)|date=28 March 2013|access-date=26 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202234731/http://khoalichsu.edu.vn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=416:co-mt-van-n-gia-yen-bang-yen-qung-khong-tnh-lng-pgstskh-nguyn-hi-k&catid=25:bai-vit&Itemid=33|archive-date=2 December 2013|url-status=dead))</ref><ref>((cite web|title=CÓ MỘT VÂN ĐỒN Ở GIỮA YÊN BANG, YÊN QUẢNG KHÔNG TĨNH LẶNG|author=Nguyễn Hải Kế |url=http://duyhoang.net/co-mot-van-don-o-giua-yen-bang-yen-quang-khong-tinh-lang.htm|publisher=www.dayoo.com|date=22 April 2013 |access-date=26 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130727003650/http://duyhoang.net/co-mot-van-don-o-giua-yen-bang-yen-quang-khong-tinh-lang.htm|archive-date=27 July 2013))</ref><ref>((cite web|title=Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư (Chapter: Phần 26 (Bản kỷ thực lục Q2(a) Nhà Hậu Lê (1460–1472).)|editor1=Lê Văn Hưu |editor2=Phan Phu Tiên |editor3=Ngô Sĩ Liên |others=Viện Khoa Học Xã Hội Việt Nam dịch (1985–1992).|url=http://www.mtat.macdinhchi71.com/suutam/truyen/daivietsukytoanthu/hoi26.htm|publisher=Nhà xuất bản Khoa Học Xã Hội (Hà Nội) ấn hành (1993).|year=1993|access-date=26 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053521/http://www.mtat.macdinhchi71.com/suutam/truyen/daivietsukytoanthu/hoi26.htm|archive-date=21 September 2013|url-status=dead))</ref><ref>((cite web|title=Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư (Chapter: DVSK Bản Kỷ Thực Lục 12: Nhà Hậu Lê (1460–1472) ... Phần 1(Đại Việt Sử Ký Bản Kỷ Thực Lục Quyển XII [1a] Kỷ Nhà Lê Thánh Tông Thuần Hoàng Đế))|editor1=Lê Văn Hưu |editor2=Phan Phu Tiên |editor3=Ngô Sĩ Liên |others=Viện Khoa Học Xã Hội Việt Nam dịch (1985–1992).|url=http://www.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/~duc/sach/dvsktt/dvsktt17a.html|publisher=Nhà xuất bản Khoa Học Xã Hội (Hà Nội) ấn hành (1993).|year=1993|access-date=26 July 2013))</ref> This incident may be the same one where Wu Rui was captured.<ref name="Cooke 2011 p. 109">Cooke (2011), p. 109 ((Google books|7mlKjn3FfoMC|The Tongking Gulf Through History|page=109))</ref>
One of the renowned victories in Vietnamese naval history was the [[Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút]] in [[Tây Sơn dynasty]], during which [[Nguyễn Huệ]] (Emperor [[Quang Trung]]) defeated the [[Thai people|Siamese]] ([[Thailand|Thai]]) naval force. The battle occurred in present-day Tiền Giang Province on 19 January 1785. [[Nguyễn Huệ]]'s forces completely destroyed over 50,000 Siamese sailors and 300 warships.((citation needed|date=July 2015))

[[File:Tàu chiến trong trận Xoài Mút.JPG|right|thumb|Model of warship used by [[Nguyễn Huệ]] in the [[Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút]]]]
In the [[Nguyễn dynasty]] period, 19th century Nguyen Emperor [[Gia Long]] used his new [[Saigon Naval Shipyard|Chu Su Naval workshop]] to improve the Vietnamese Navy. [[Gia Long]] had first attempted to acquire modern naval vessels in 1781, when on the advice of Bishop [[Pigneau de Behaine]], he had chartered Portuguese vessels of European design, complete with crew and artillery. This initial experience proved to be disastrous. For reasons that remain unclear, two of the vessels fled in the midst of battle against the Tây Sơn, while angry Vietnamese soldiers killed the third crew.

In 1789, Pigneau de Behaine returned to Vietnam from Pondicherry with two vessels, which stayed in the Nguyễn dynasty service long-term. Over time, Vietnamese sailors replaced the original French and Indian crew under the command of French officers. These vessels became the foundation for an expanded military and merchant Nguyễn dynasty naval force, with [[Gia Long]] chartering and purchasing more European vessels to reinforce Vietnamese-built ships. However, traditional Vietnamese-style galleys and small sailing ships remained the majority of the fleet. In 1799, a British trader by the name of Berry reported that the Nguyễn dynasty's fleet had departed Saigon along the [[Saigon River]] with 100 galleys, 40 junks, 200 smaller boats and 800 carriers, accompanied by three European sloops.((citation needed|date=July 2015)) In 1801, one naval division was reported to have included nine European vessels armed with 60 guns, five vessels with 50 guns, 40 with 16 guns, 100 junks, 119 galleys and 365 smaller boats.((citation needed|date=July 2015))<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.thanhnien.com.vn/pages/20110919/bi-mat-hai-quan-nha-nguyen-ky-1-tu-thuy-quan-den-hai-quan.aspx |title=Bí mật hải quân nhà Nguyễn – Kỳ 1: Từ thủy quân đến hải quân &#124; Thanh Niên Online |publisher=Thanhnien.com.vn |date=19 September 2011 |access-date=21 May 2013))</ref>

[[File:Prise de Saigon 18 Fevrier 1859 Antoine Morel-Fatio.jpg|left|thumb|French ships invaded [[Saigon]] with the brig [[French ship Espérance (1781)|''L'Esperance'']] that was sunk in 1861 by [[Nguyễn Trung Trực]]'s naval forces]]
In the middle of the 19th century, the Vietnamese Navy fought against the French in many battles. Due to disadvantages in technology, the Vietnamese Navy could not defeat the French Navy, but there were still several battles during which the Vietnamese Navy caused heavy damages to the French. The Vietnamese were especially successful in the Battle of Nhat Tao canal held by [[Nguyễn Trung Trực]] on 10 December 1861. Nguyễn Trung Trực's naval forces ambushed the French brig ''[[French ship Espérance (1781)|L'Esperance]]'' at the Vam Co River, [[Mekong Delta]]. Truc's 150 men were grouped into three columns. The first group of 61 sailors under Hoang Khac Nhuong was to attack a nearby pro-French village to provoke an incident and lure the French forces into an ambush. Truc commanded the second group of 59 partisans along with Vo Van Quang, and was assigned to burn and sink the vessel. A third force of 30 sailors was commanded by Ho Quang and Nguyen Van Hoc.((citation needed|date=July 2015)) Due to the surprise attack, the French Navy suffered major damage: the brig L'Esperance was sunk, 17 French sailors and 20 pro-French Vietnamese naval auxiliaries were killed, only eight people escaped, including two French sailors and six sailors of Tagal (Filipino) background employed by the French.

== Modern Period ==
((main|Vietnam People's Navy#history))

== References ==
((reflist))

[[Category:Military history of Vietnam|N]]
[[Category:Vietnam People's Navy]]
[[Category:Naval history by country|Vietnam]]

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