Nawab of Awadh | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1722–1858 | |||||||||||
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Flag | |||||||||||
Map of Oudh state in 1856 | |||||||||||
| Capital | Faizabad Lucknow | ||||||||||
| Common languages | Urdu (official), Awadhi, Hindi | ||||||||||
| Religion | Shia Islam (official), Hinduism (majority), Sunni Islam, Jainism, Buddhism, Christianity | ||||||||||
| Nawab | |||||||||||
• 1722 | Saadat Ali Khan I (first) | ||||||||||
• 1858 | Birjis Qadr (last) | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
• Established | 1722 | ||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1858 | ||||||||||
| Currency | Rupee | ||||||||||
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The Nawab of Awadh or the Nawab of Oudh /ˈaʊd/ was the title of the rulers who governed the state of Awadh (anglicised as Oudh) in north India during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Nawabs of Awadh belonged to an Iranian dynasty[1][2][3] of Sayyid origin[4][5] from Nishapur, Iran. In 1724, Nawab Sa'adat Khan established the Oudh State with their capital in Faizabad and Lucknow.
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See also: Oudh State |
The Nawabs of Awadh were semi-autonomous rulers within the fragmented polities of Mughal India after the death in 1707 of Aurangzeb. They fought wars with the Peshwa, the Battle of Bhopal (1737) against the Maratha Confederacy (which was opposed to the Mughal Empire), and the Battle of Karnal (1739) as courtiers of the "Great Moghul".[6]
The Nawabs of Awadh, along with many other Nawabs, were regarded as members of the nobility of the greater Mughal Empire. They joined Ahmad Shah Durrani during the Third Battle of Panipat (1761) and restored Shah Alam II (r. 1760–1788 and 1788–1806) to the imperial throne. The Nawab of Awadh also fought the Battle of Buxar (1764) preserving the interests of the Moghul. Oudh State eventually declared itself independent from the rule of the "Great Moghul" in 1818.[7]
All of these rulers used the title of Nawab from 1722 to 1856:
| Portrait | Titular Name | Personal Name | Birth | Reign | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burhan ul Mulk Sa'adat Khan برہان الملک سعادت خان |
Saadat Ali Khan I | 1680 Nishapur, Khurasan, Safavid dynasty, Persia | 1722 – 19 March 1739 | 1739 | |
| Abul-Mansur Khan Safdar Jung ابو المنصور خان صفدرجنگ |
Muhammad Muqim | 1708 | 1739 – 5 October 1754 | 1754 | |
| Shuja-ud-Daula شجاع الدولہ |
Jalal-ud-din Haider Abul-Mansur Khan | 1732 | 1754 – 26 January 1775 | 1775 | |
| Asaf-ud-Daula آصف الدولہ |
Muhammad Yahya Mirza Amani | 1748 | 26 January 1775 – 20 April 1797 | 1798 | |
| Asif Jah Mirza | Wazir Ali Khan وزیر علی خان |
1780 | 21 September 1797 – 21 January 1798 | 1817 | |
| Yamin-ud-Daula | Saadat Ali Khan II سعادت علی خان |
1752 | 21 January 1798 – 11 July 1814 | 1814 | |
| Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah |
Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah غازی الدیں حیدر شاہ |
1769 | 11 July 1814 – 19 October 1827 | 1827 | |
| Abul- Mansur Qutub-ud-din Sulaiman jah | Nasir-ud-Din Haidar Shah ناصر الدیں حیدر شاہ |
1803 | 19 October 1827 – 7 July 1837 | 1837 | |
| Abul Fateh Moin-ud-din | Muhammad Ali Shah محمّد علی شاہ |
1777 | 7 July 1837 – 7 May 1842 | 1842 | |
| Najm-ud-Daula Abul-Muzaffar Musleh-ud-din | Amjad Ali Shah امجد علی شاہ |
1801 | 7 May 1842 – 13 February 1847 | 1847 | |
| Abul-Mansur Mirza | Wajid Ali Shah واجد علی شاہ |
1822 | 13 February 1847 – 11 February 1856 | 1 September 1887 | |
| Mohammadi Khanum | Begum Hazrat Mahal بیگم حضرت محل |
1820 | 11 February 1856 – 5 July1857 Wife of Wajid Ali Shah and mother of Birjis Qadra (in rebellion) |
7 April 1879 | |
| Ramzan Ali رمضان علی |
Birjis Qadr بر جیس قدر |
1845 | 5 July 1857 – 3 March 1858 (in rebellion) |
14 August 1893 |
