Nazarenko is a surname of Ukrainian origin, meaning son or daughter of Nazar. Notable people with the surname include:

• Aleksandr Nazarenko (1948–2022), Russian historian
• Anastasia Nazarenko (born 1993), Russian gymnast
• Anatoly Nazarenko (born 1948), Kazakhstani wrestler
• Anton Nazarenko (born 1984), Russian badminton player
• Dmytro Nazarenko (born 1987), Ukrainian footballer
• Hryhory Nazarenko (1902–1997), Ukrainian bandura player
• Leonid Nazarenko (born 1955), Soviet-Russian football player and coach
• Liudmyla Nazarenko (born 1967), Ukrainian basketball player
• Nikolai Nazarenko (1911–1992), Don Cossack leader who fought for Germany in WWII
• Oleksandr Nazarenko (born 2000), Ukrainian football player
• Oleksandr Nazarenko (judoka) (born 1986), Ukrainian Paralympic judoka
• Olesya Nazarenko (born 1976), Turkmenistani wrestler and judoka
• Pavel Nazarenko (born 1995), Belarusian footballer
• Serhiy Nazarenko (born 1980), Ukrainian football player and manager
• Tatyana Nazarenko (born 1944), Russian painter
• Viktor Nazarenko (born 1956), Ukrainian military leader