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((Use dmy dates|date=May 2018))
((More citations needed|date=October 2012))
((Infobox political party
|name               = New Force
|native_name        = Fuerza Nueva
|logo               = Fuerza Nueva.svg
|logo_size          = 150px
|colorcode          = ((party color|New Force (Spain)))
|leader             = 
|chairperson        = 
|president          = 
|secretary_general  = 
|spokesperson       = 
|founder            = [[Blas Piñar]]
|slogan             = 
|founded            = 1976
|dissolved          = 1982
|merger             = 
|split              = 
|predecessor        = 
|merged             = 
|successor          = [[National Front (Spain, 1986)|National Front]]
|headquarters       =  
|newspaper          = 
|student_wing       = 
|youth_wing         = [[Fuerza Joven]]<br>[[Frente de la Juventud]]
|wing1_title        = Paramilitary Wing
|wing1              = Frente de la Juventud
|membership_year    = 
|membership         = 
|position           = [[Far-right politics|Far-right]]<ref name="Matuschek">((Citation |first=Peter |last=Matuschek |title=Who Learns from Whom?: The Failure of Spanish Christian Democracy and the Success of the Partido Popular |work=Christian Democratic Parties in Europe since the End of the Cold War |publisher=Leuven University Press |year=2004 |page=244))</ref>
|ideology           = ((nowrap|[[Spanish nationalism]]<br>[[Ultranationalism]]<br>[[Francoism]]<ref>((cite book|page=188|first=Piero|last=Ignazi|title=Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe|publisher=OUP|year=2003))</ref><br>[[Falangism]]<ref name="Matuschek"/><br />[[Neo-Fascism]]<ref>((Cite book|first=Elisabeth|last=Carter|chapter=Party ideology|publisher=[[Routledge]]|title=The Populist Radical Right. A Reader|editor-first=Cas|editor-last=Mudde|editor-link=Cas Mudde|location=London and New York|isbn=978-1-138-67386-1|year=2017))</ref>))
|national           = 
|international      = 
|european           = 
|europarl           = 
|colors             = <!-- use "colours" for British English -->
|seats1_title       = [[Congreso de los Diputados]] ([[Spanish general election, 1979|1979]])
|seats1             = ((Composition bar|1|350|hex=((party color|New Force (Spain)))))
|seats2_title       = 
|seats2             = 
|seats3_title       = 
|seats3             = 
|seats4_title       = 
|seats4             = 
|symbol             = 
|flag               = 
|website            = 
|country            = Spain
|footnotes          =
))
((Conservatism in Spain|Parties))

'''New Force''' (((lang-es|'''Fuerza Nueva''')), '''FN''') was the name of a [[Far-right politics|far-right]] political party in [[Spain]] founded by [[Blas Piñar]], director of the Institute of Hispanic Culture and longtime ''procurador'' in the [[Cortes Españolas]] during the [[Francoist Spain|Francoist period]]. Originally operating as a publishing house, FN sought to preserve Francoism in Spain during [[Spanish transition to democracy|the transition to democracy]]. After its dissolution as a political party in 1982, it continued to operate as a publishing house under the same name, and its political activities and stylings were succeeded by the [[National Front (Spain, 1986)|National Front]] party.

== Founding and activities as a political party ==
New Force was founded in 1966 as ''Fuerza Nueva Editorial SA'', a publishing house of far-right and Francoist literature (by 1967 also ((Interlanguage link|Fuerza Nueva (magazine)|lt=a magazine of the same name|es|Fuerza Nueva (revista)))). From the beginning, their literature was aimed at an audience of nostalgic [[Falangism|Falangists]] and Francoists.

By 1976, Piñar reorganized FN as the only openly extreme right-wing party represented in the new Spanish democracy; its leadership consisted of Piñar and seven other Francoists, and was headed by General [[Álvaro de Lacalle Leloup]], member of [[Opus Dei]]. FN sought for a continuation of Francoism in all its forms (whether taking cues from [[Falangism]], [[Carlism]], or Opus Dei Catholicism), and it rejected the constitutional monarchy of [[Juan Carlos I]]. FN's membership and supporter base was an amalgam of [[Catholic]] [[Traditionalist Catholicism|traditionalists]], technocrats, Falangists, and Spanish nationalists.

During the first years of the transition to democracy, FN's members were involved in supporting and perpetrating a number of terrorist incidents and murders against striking workers, left-wing politicians, trade unionists, journalists, and student organizations. Examples include the murder of 21-year-old [[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo|CNT]] member Jorge Caballero by ten members of [[Young Force|Fuerza Joven]] (FN's youth organization),<ref>((Cite news|last=Gil|first=Joaquín|date=2015-11-22|title="Me he cargado a un rojo", dijo, y huyó a Santo Domingo|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/politica/2015/11/07/actualidad/1446929049_777022.html|access-date=2021-11-04|issn=1134-6582))</ref> the [[Montejurra massacre]], and several murders by the colluding [[Warriors of Christ the King|Guerrilleros de Cristo Rey]].<ref>((Cite news|date=1977-11-03|title=La detención de Angel Sierra podría aclarar completamente el asesinato de Arturo Ruiz|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/diario/1977/11/04/espana/247446010_850215.html|access-date=2021-11-04|issn=1134-6582))</ref> One of the most significant terrorist incidents supported by FN was the [[1977 Atocha massacre]], in which members of FN and the Guerrilleros de Cristo Rey assassinated labour activists affiliated with the [[Communist Party of Spain]]; the attack, which was intended to spur a right wing coup d'état in the country, instead led to the arrest and sentencing of five FN affiliates to a collective 464 years in prison.<ref>((Cite web|title=¿Qué fue de los asesinos de Atocha?|url=https://www.elmundo.es/cronica/2002/327/1011609777.html|access-date=2021-11-04|website=www.elmundo.es))</ref><ref>((Cite web|last=Gil|first=José María Irujo, Joaquín|date=2017-01-24|title=Fugitive in infamous 1977 Madrid far-right massacre is now a free man|url=https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2017/01/23/inenglish/1485189223_901268.html|access-date=2021-11-04|website=EL PAÍS English Edition|language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite web|last=Altares|first=Guillermo|date=2016-02-05|title=The night Spain's transition to democracy nearly derailed|url=https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2016/02/03/inenglish/1454496288_346509.html|access-date=2021-11-04|website=EL PAÍS English Edition|language=en))</ref>

In the [[1977 Spanish general election]], the first free election since the [[Spanish Civil War]], FN was represented by the [[National Alliance July 18]] coalition, an organization that also included the re-founded [[Falange Española de las JONS (1976)|Falange Española de las JONS]] and the Carlist [[Traditionalist Communion]]; this coalition failed to achieve any seats, earning only 0.37% of the vote.<ref>((Cite web|title=Consulta de resultados electorales. Ministerio del Interior|url=http://www.infoelectoral.mir.es/min/busquedaAvanzadaAction.html?vuelta=1&codTipoEleccion=2&codPeriodo=197706&codEstado=99&codComunidad=0&codProvincia=0&codMunicipio=0&codDistrito=0&codSeccion=0&codMesa=0|access-date=2021-11-04|website=www.infoelectoral.mir.es))</ref>

In the [[1979 Spanish general election|1979 elections]], the coalition was renamed the [[National Union (Spain)|National Union]], and received 2.69% of the vote (378,964 votes).<ref>((Cite web|title=Consulta de resultados electorales. Ministerio del Interior|url=http://www.infoelectoral.mir.es/min/busquedaAvanzadaAction.html?vuelta=1&codTipoEleccion=2&codPeriodo=197903&codEstado=99&codComunidad=0&codProvincia=0&codMunicipio=0&codDistrito=0&codSeccion=0&codMesa=0|access-date=2021-11-04|website=www.infoelectoral.mir.es))</ref> As this percentage was enough to earn one seat in the Congress of Deputies, Blas Piñar was elected as deputy of Madrid. The majority of parliamentary interventions by Piñar were centred on issues of post-transition Spain, denouncing topics such as separatism, abortion, and economic mismanagement.((Citation needed|date=November 2021))

New Force disappeared officially as a party on 20 November 1982, after the breakup of the National Union coalition and further losses of support.<ref>((Cite news|date=1982-11-20|title=Blas Piñar anunció anoche la disolución de Fuerza Nueva como partido político|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/diario/1982/11/21/espana/406681204_850215.html|access-date=2021-11-04|issn=1134-6582))</ref> Standing alone in the [[1982 Spanish general election|1982 general election]], FN obtained only 0.52% of the vote (108,746 votes total), and Piñar lost his seat in Congress.<ref>((Cite web|title=Consulta de resultados electorales. Ministerio del Interior|url=http://www.infoelectoral.mir.es/infoelectoral/min/busquedaAvanzadaAction.html;jsessionid=8D3C35C2CB503C01597D4D9027407D98|access-date=2021-11-04|website=www.infoelectoral.mir.es|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104195523/http://www.infoelectoral.mir.es/infoelectoral/min/busquedaAvanzadaAction.html;jsessionid=8D3C35C2CB503C01597D4D9027407D98|url-status=dead))</ref> Internal fights aggravated the crisis within the FN and sparked the appearance of a breakaway movement that culminated in the creation of the [[Hispanic Union]] (UH).((Citation needed|date=November 2021))

A number of leaders of later nationalist parties passed through FN's youth organization, [[Young Force|Fuerza Joven]] ("Young Force"), including José Luis Corral (leader of Movimiento Católico Español), Rafael López-Diéguez (general secretary of [[Spanish Alternative]]), and Ricardo Sáenz de Ynestrillas Pérez (of the Alliance for National Unity coalition). Other significant figures who were previously members are José Maria del Nido, president of [[Sevilla FC]] from 2002 to 2013, and [[Javier Tebas]], lawyer and president of the [[Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional]].<ref>((Cite web|date=2014-01-29|title=Blas Piñar y Fuerza Nueva, pasado y presente|url=https://www.lamarea.com/2014/01/29/blas-pinar-y-fuerza-nueva-pasado-y-presente/|access-date=2021-11-04|website=lamarea.com|language=es))</ref>

As a political party, FN was succeeded by the [[National Front (Spain, 1986)|National Front]], founded under the same acronym and logo with the assistance of the French [[National Rally|National Front]] (now the National Rally) and the [[Italian Social Movement]]. It dissolved in 1993.

== Operation as a publishing house ==
As a publishing house, ''Fuerza Nueva Editorial'' published a number of nationalist, [[Anti-communism|anti-Marxist]], and even [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]] books. Featured authors included Francoist Prime Minister [[Luis Carrero Blanco]] and Belgian politician and Nazi collaborator [[Léon Degrelle]]. Most frequently published were the works of Piñar himself, and of [[Horia Sima]], the ousted [[Iron Guard|Romanian fascist]] leader, who lived in Spain until his death.<ref>((Cite web|title=Todos los libros de la editorial Fuerza Nueva|url=https://www.todostuslibros.com/editorial/fuerza-nueva|access-date=2021-11-04|website=www.todostuslibros.com|language=es))</ref> Piñar's works focused on promoting Spanish nationalism and unity, whereas Sima's works (including ''What is Communism?'', ''What is Nationalism?'', ''The Christian Man and Political Action'', and ''Strategies in the Struggle Against Communism'') were primarily anti-Marxist, [[Anti-Masonry|anti-Masonic]], and antisemitic in nature.

Though ceasing to exist as a political party, FN continued its activities as a publishing house after 1982, including continuing to publish its magazine of the same name. The magazine, under the editorship of [[Luis Fernandez Villamea]], was published weekly (and then biweekly) until its 1466th issue in March 2017.<ref>((Cite journal|last=Gasco de la Rocha|first=Pablo|date=13 June 2017|title=Fuerza Nueva: una despedida|url=http://www.siemprepalante.es/imagenes%202017/Revista%20P'alante%20786_Maquetaci%C3%B3n%201.pdf|journal=Siempre P'alante|volume=786|pages=13))</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Blas Piñar]]
* [[History of the far-right in Spain]]
*[[Spain under Franco]]
*[[Spanish transition to democracy]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

((Authority control))

[[Category:Fascist parties in Spain]]
[[Category:Falangist parties]]
[[Category:Francoist Spain]]
[[Category:Political history of Spain]]
[[Category:Spanish nationalism]]
[[Category:Catholic political parties]]

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