The town is bounded to the south by the River Gannel and its associated salt marsh, and to the north-east by the Porth Valley. The western edge of the town meets the Atlantic at Fistral Bay. The town has been expanding inland (south) since the former fishing village of New Quay began to grow in the second half of the nineteenth century.
In 2001, the census recorded a permanent population of 19,562,[2] increasing to 20,342 at the 2011 census[3] and 23,600 in 2021. Recent estimates suggest that the total population for the wider Newquay area (Newquay and St Columb Community Network Area[4]) was 27,682 in 2017, projected to rise to 33,463 by 2025.[5]
History
Prehistoric period
There are some pre-historicburial mounds and an embankment on the area now known as The Barrowfields, 400 m (440 yd) from Trevelgue. There were once up to fifteen barrows, but now only a few remain. Excavations here have revealed charred cooking pots and a coarse pottery burial urn containing remains of a Bronze Age chieftain, who was buried here up to 3,500 years ago.[6]
In 1987, evidence of a Bronze Age village was found at Trethellan Farm, a site that overlooks the River Gannel.[7]
The first signs of settlement in the Newquay region consist of a late Iron Age hill fort/industrial centre which exploited the nearby abundant resources (including deposits of iron) and the superior natural defences provided by Trevelgue Head. It is claimed that occupation of the site was continuous from the 3rd century BC to the 5th or 6th century AD. A Dark Ages house was later built on the head.[8]
Medieval period & early mentions of Newquay
The curve of the headland around what is now known as Newquay harbour provided natural protection from bad weather and a small fishing village grew up in the area. When the village was first occupied is unknown but it is not mentioned in the Domesday Book, although a parcel of land was recorded at Treninnick, which is now part of suburban Newquay. Treninnick was then part of the manor of Coswarth and consisted of one virgate (value 15d) [some 30 acres or 12 hectares] with five sheep. The village of Crantock is the only other recognisable name in the Newquay area also recorded in Domesday, (as "Langoroch").[9] By the 15th century, a village referred to as "Keye" existed around the present harbour, near "Tewynblustri" (the spelling changed as Cornish evolved and is now rendered as "Towan Blystra"). Towan (or Tewynn) means dune or sand hill in Cornish, but the meaning of "blustri" or "blystra" is unknown. Some sources have suggested in the past that it meant boats, but this claim is not supported by modern authorities and is dismissed by Padel in his dictionary of Cornish place names.[10]
The Settlement of Towan & New Keye
The settlements of Towan and 'New Key'
Thomas Martyn's map of 1784 (Dedicated to Robert Hoblyn of Nanswhyden) mentions the settlements of which modern day Newquay is within. A small cluster of cottages (where the present day Central Inn is located) was known as 'Towan'.[11] This small settlement was some 200 m (660 ft) away from another settlement known as 'New Quay'[12] linked to it by a track which would later be the modern Fore Street. 'New Quay' was referred to the small Harbour which was within the Manor of Towan Blystra which is often mistaken as the cornish equivalent of Newquay. There is no record of "Newquay" as a name ever being rendered in Cornish.[13]
Funds to build a ‘new quay’
In 1439, Edmund Lacey, Bishop of Exeter gave an Indulgence, to build a new quay from which the town would later derive its modern name. However, this appeal did not succeed, and the harbour remained largely undeveloped until the early 17th century, although it is thought to have had a succession of short wooden piers since the 15th century, and possibly before that.
Richard Carew’s Survey of Cornwall, published in 1602, includes the lines: “Neyther may I omit newe Kaye, a place in the North coast of this Hundred, so called, because in former times, the neighbours attempted, to supplie the defect of nature, by Art, in making there a Kay, for the Rode of shipping, which conceyt they still retayne, though want of means in themselves, or the place, have left the effect in Nubibus [unfulfilled].”[14]
In 1615 Thomas Stuer, who was Lord of the Manor, applied for permission to build a single pier, and the development of the modern harbour then began.
The Huer's Hut
Huer's hut, Newquay
The Huer's Hut at Newquay, Cornwall served as a lookout point from which a man known as a huer could keep watch for the arrival of the pilchards. They could be discerned by the water turning a dark reddish-brown and by the flocks of seagulls which dived down to feed on the fish. The huer would announce the arrival by shouting "hevva, hevva" or through the use of a trumpet after which he would direct the townsfolk to the fish by waving tree branches above his head. The word huer has the same derivation as the "hue" in hue and cry, after this action.[15]
The Huer's Hut at Newquay has been described as "a particularly fine late mediaeval specimen". The listed building description states that the current structure dates from the late 18th and early 19th centuries, though a plaque on the structure claims 14th-century origins. The plaque also states that the structure may have been used at an earlier time as a hermitage and lighthouse.[15]
The structure was restored in 1836, at which point the fireplace may have been significantly altered. It received protection as a listed building (under the name "Huer's House") on 24 October 1951 and is currently categorised as grade II*[16][17]
"Passed the Ganel and went about a mile further to a place of about twelve houses called Town Blystra, a furlong further to the New Quay in St Columb Parish, here is a little pier, the north point of which is fixed on a rock, the end in a cliff; at the eastern end there is a gap cult [cut] about 25 feet wide into the slaty rock of the cliff: This gap lets small ships into a basin which may hold about six ships of about 80 tons burthen and at spring tides has 18 feet of water in it, upon the brow of the cliff is a dwelling house and a commodious cellar lately built."
[18]
The first national British census of 1801 recorded around 1,300 inhabitants in the settlement (enumerated as a village under St Columb Minor parish).
In 1832 the London-based entrepreneur Richard Lomax bought the manor of Towan Blystra. This included the small harbour at what was becoming known as New Quay.[19]
The proposal included a description of New Quay and Towan and the unpaved track between the settlements. It also showed some buildings including an inn, (this was rebuilt in 1859 and is now known as The Central), cottages along what would become Bank Street and other structures connected with the fishing industry, such as cellars, where the fish were dried and packed in barrels. Lomax began the construction of the north and south quay, but he died in 1837 before his harbour had been completed.
The harbour was at its most prosperous in the 25 years following its purchase in the 1870s by the Cornwall Minerals Railway.[20] In 1872 the middle jetty was added to expand capacity.[21]
To the north of the harbour there were fish cellars in the 19th century, where pilchards were salted and packed in casks. The two remaining areas are Fly cellars and Active cellars, although the others have disappeared.
A mansion called the Tower was built for the Molesworth family in 1835: it included a castellated tower and a private chapel as they were Roman Catholics and no church for that denomination existed in the area. The Tower later became the golf club house.[22] After the arrival of passenger trains in June 1876, the village around the port of Newquay started to grow quickly.
Several major hotels were built around the end of the 19th century, the first being the Great Western Hotel which opened in 1879 on Station Road, now Cliff Road.[23] Other early 'grand' hotels included the Victoria (1899), the Atlantic (1892) and the Headland (1900) near Fistral,[24] while many smaller hotels were emerging, many were created around this period by converting large houses, with many originally built by wealthy visitors as holiday homes, particularly along Narrowcliff.
1901–2000
Newquay war memorial
Three churches were built early in the twentieth century, including the present day parish church of St Michael the Archangel, which was consecrated in 1911. Growth of the town eastwards soon reached the area around the railway station: Station Road became Cliff Road around 1930, and the houses beyond, along Narrowcliff, were also converted into hotels. Narrowcliff was known for a while as Narrowcliff Promenade, and then Narrowcliff Road. On some pre-war maps, it is spelt Narrowcliffe.
At the time of the First World War the last buildings at the edge of the town were a little further along present-day Narrowcliff. Post-war development saw new houses and streets built in the Chester Road area, accompanied by ribbon development along the country lane which led to St Columb Minor, some 2 miles (3 km) away. This thoroughfare was modernised and named Henver Road, also some time in the 1930s. Development continued in this direction until the Second World War, by which time much of Henver Road had houses on both sides, with considerable infilling also taking place between there and the sea.
A thriving knitting industry became established in Newquay in the early part of the 20th century. In 1905, Madame Hawke began selling machine-knitted garments in a shop in the centre of the town. Debenhams was sent a sample of her work and commissioned her as a supplier. She opened a factory in Crantock Street, which has since been converted into housing. Several competing knitting companies were also set up in the town in this period.[25]
In the early 1950s, the last houses were built along Henver Road. After that, there was a virtually continuous building line on both sides of the main road from the other side of St Columb Minor right into the town centre. The Doublestiles estate to the north of Henver Road was also built in the early 1950s, as the name of Coronation Way indicates, and further development continued beyond, becoming the Lewarne Estate and extending the built up area to the edges of Porth.
Other areas also developed in the period between the wars were Pentire (known for a time as West Newquay) and the Trenance Valley. Other streets dating from the 1920s included St Thomas Road, which provided the approach to the town's new cottage hospital at its far end, to be followed by others in the same area near the station, such as Pargolla Road.
More recent development has been on a larger scale: until the late 1960s, a passenger arriving by train would not have seen a building by the line (with the exception of Trencreek village) until the Trenance Viaduct was reached. Today, the urban area starts a good 1.5 miles (2 km) inland from the viaduct. Other growth areas have been on the fringes of St Columb Minor and also towards the Gannel. More development beyond Treninnick, south of the Trenance Valley, has taken the urban area out as far as Lane, where more building is now under way. The Trennnick/Treloggan development, mainly in the 1970s and 1980s, included not merely housing but also an industrial estate and several large commercial outlets, including a major supermarket and a cash and carry warehouse.
The first phase of a new Duchy of Cornwall development began to be built in 2012 at Tregunnel Hill, which was sometimes unofficially called Surfbury after the similar Poundbury development in Dorset. It has 174 houses of traditional designs.[27]
There is now a similar but much more substantial development in progress inland, and construction on a large site known as Nansledan ('broad valley' in Cornish) is now apparent along the Quintrell Road. Plans were approved for the development of 800 homes at Nansledan in December 2013,[28] but the plan now includes more than 4,000 homes, shops, a supermarket, church and a 14-classroom primary school which opened to its first pupils in September 2019.[29] Following the example set at Tregunnel Hill, the buildings are again of traditional designs and all street names are in Cornish.
Places like Trencreek, Porth and St Columb Minor have long since become suburbs of Newquay: it had been reported that it was possible that by the 2030s, should present development trends continue, the south eastern edge of the town could stretch beyond the present boundary set by Nansledan and encompass Quintrell Downs, 3 miles (5 km) from the town centre.[30] However, the Newquay Neighbourhood Development Plan, which was approved in a referendum held on 6 April 2019, said it was important to retain a 'green buffer' between Newquay and Quintrell Downs.
In April 2012 the Aerohub enterprise zone for aerospace businesses was set up at Newquay Airport. In September 2014, the UK's Homes and Communities Agency and the European Regional Development Fund agreed to fund the construction of a £6 million Aerohub Business Park there.[31] A plan to launch space vehicles from a new spaceport alongside the airport moved ahead in July 2018 when a contract was signed with Virgin Orbit. The first launch from the spaceport, named Spaceport Cornwall, took place on 9 January 2023. The initial launch of the LauncherOne rocket from the carrier aircraft, Cosmic Girl, was successful but the rocket's second stage suffered an anomaly and the vehicle and payload satellites failed to reach orbit.[32][33]
Between 1837 and 1894 the area of Newquay was under the parish council of St Columb Minor, this was abolished in 1894 to become the separate parishes.[34] Newquay Urban District Council and St. Columb Minor Rural were formed, The Local Government Act of 1894 established urban and rural districts in England and Wales, and Newquay Urban District was created as a result of this legislation.
The Newquay Urban District Council was abolished in 1974 as part of local government reorganization in the United Kingdom. In that year, the Local Government Act 1972 came into effect, leading to the creation of new local government structures. This saw the merge of the borough of St. Austell with Fowey, Newquay urban district and St Austell Rural District. The district was abolished as part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England on 1 April 2009.[5]Cornwall became a unitary authority and there has been a two-tier structure of local government: Cornwall Council (administers, for example, schools and highways, harbour, refuse and recycling collection, street cleanliness; the town is represented by the Newquay division)
The first Methodist preaching at Newquay was recorded by Richard Treffy in 1802, an innkeeper, Carter, being the host. In 1810, preacher William O'Bryan came to Newquay and formed the nucleus of the first Methodist Society.[35] The Society, later known as the Bible Christians or 'Bryanites', built a chapel in the Deer Park, now Sydney Road.[citation needed]
The Baptists were the first to have a building. The Newquay Baptist Church, formerly the Ebenezer Baptist Chapel founded in 1822, is one of the oldest religious buildings in Newquay. The worshippers at Ebenezer were Strict and Particular, or Calvinistic Baptists.[citation needed]
Before the Baptist chapel was built the Strict Baptists formed themselves into a community and met for worship in the old malthouse opposite Primrose House on Beach Road. They had a regular Sunday supply of preachers from Plymouth, Torquay, and Truro.
The first Methodist chapel was built in 1833, at a cost of £170. It was originally built as Crantock Street Methodist Chapel in 1833, the second such Methodist building in Newquay. Some members left in 1852, while the rest moved to the Steps Chapel in 1865. Following a visit by General Bramwell Booth in 1924, the building was taken over by the Salvation Army in 1926.[citation needed]
Parish Church
The Parish Church of St Michael the Archangel, Newquay
The first Anglicanchapel was built in Newquay in 1858 as a chapel of ease, in a fine Cornish Perpendicular style; it was known as St Michael's due to the dedication of a side chapel. The parish itself was created in 1882 from part of St Columb Minor parish. By 1896 St Michael's Church had been twice enlarged, a north and a south aisle being added, and its capacity increased to 500. By the turn of the 19th century, however, it was quite inadequate to hold the summer congregation. The cramped and inconvenient site meant that no further enlargement of the chapel was possible, and it seemed inevitable that a new church would have to be built on a different site.[36] The present church, the Newquay Parish Church of St Michael the Archangel is dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel, was originally designed by Ninian Comper and built in 1910–11, but the tower not completed until the 1960s.[37]Arthur Mee, in his Cornwall volume of the King's England series, describes the perpetual light maintained in the church as a memorial to the men of Newquay who died in the First World War. The stained glass windows and rood screen are also described: the main themes are St Michael, the three other archangels, and Jesus Christ and Mary the Blessed Virgin.[38] The St Michael, chapel-of-ease continued to serve the people of Newquay until 1911 when the chapel was sold to the Women's Institute which owned it for a number of years until it was sold again to FW Woolworth for a new store. The chapel was demolished in 1937.[39]
There have also been Wesleyan and Bible Christian chapels in the town, the Wesleyan being a fine (picturesque) building of 1904.
Tourism
Tolcarne BeachFistral Beach
Newquay has been a major tourist destination for more than a century, principally on account of its coastline and nine long and accessible sandy beaches, including Fistral.[citation needed]
Around 25,000 people live in Newquay, but the population can increase to 100,000 or more in the summer because Newquay has a large stock of holiday accommodation.[40]
Established in sections throughout the 20th century, Trenance Leisure Gardens are in a wooded, formerly marshy valley on the quieter edge of Newquay, stretching down to the Gannel Estuary. From the Edwardian era it provided recreation for tourists with walks, tennis courts and a bowling green. The gardens are spanned by a stone railway viaduct which was rebuilt just before the Second World War. The boating lake was dug during the depression of the 1930s as a work creation scheme. In the late 1960s, further enterprises were established by the council, including mini-golf, a swimming pool, the Little Western Railway miniature railway which opened in 1968 and Newquay Zoo, which opened in 1969.
Newquay was also known for the "Run to the Sun" event, which began on Fistral Beach in 1987 and then took place for many years during the public holiday on the last weekend in May at Trevelgue Holiday Park. People visited the town in Volkswagen camper vans, Volkswagen Beetles and other custom cars. The last RTTS took place in 2014,[41] but it was announced in early 2023 that the event would return on 27 May to a new site at St Mawgan, just outside Newquay.[42]
Other events in recent times have included the large Boardmasters music festival, which attracts another 50,000 visitors over one weekend in early August and is held on sites at Watergate Bay (outside the urban area) and Fistral Beach. Cornwall Pride moved to Newquay from Truro in 2017, and this took place in 2018 on the last Saturday in August.
Newquay Discovery Trail[44] is made up of 14 Cornish slate discs, each 1 metre (39 inches) in diameter, sunk into the ground at strategic points around the town. Each of the discs features a series of 'conundrum' words carved by sculptor Peter Martin. The trail starts in the centre of town at the Killacourt.[45][46]
Education
Newquay currently has one higher education campus, Cornwall College Newquay, which is a member of the Combined Universities in Cornwall Partnership. It offers foundation degree courses in Zoological Conservation, Marine Aquaculture, Animal Science and Wildlife Education and Media. Appropriately, the campus is close to Newquay Zoo in the Trenance Valley. There are also two secondary schools: Newquay Tretherras is a state-funded academy with specialist Technology College status, and Treviglas Academy is a specialist Business and Enterprise College.
A new centre of higher education for Newquay was planned to open alongside the Airport and Spaceport (see Transport for details) in 2020, to be known as the International Aviation Academy and attached to RAF St Mawgan. It was hoped to cater for students who wish to gain air- or space-related qualifications.[47] The project has been delayed by the Covid-19 pandemic.
Second World War
Among many schools evacuated to Cornwall (notably Benenden Girls' School), 240 boys and 20 masters of Gresham's School were evacuated to the town from Holt, Norfolk, during the Second World War, between June 1940 and March 1944.[48] Gresham's occupied the Bay Hotel and the Pentire Hotel.[49]
Between 1940 and 1944, the Royal Air Force used hotels in Newquay as a Ground school for aircrew Initial Training Wings No 7, No 8, and No 40. Recruits were taught basic flying theory and service protocols, and were sorted into their likely future RAF trades, such as Pilots, Observers, Navigators, Wireless operators, and air gunners.[50] The training took place in the Highbury Hotel and men were billeted in nearby hotels.[51][52]
Several of the large hotels in Newquay were requisitioned as convalescent hospitals for the Army, Air Force, and Royal Navy. These were the Atlantic Hotel, the Headland Hotel, the Hotel Victoria, the Fistral Bay Hotel and St Rumons (now called the Esplanade).[53]
Hospital and emergency services
Newquay Lifeboat Station
Devon and Cornwall Constabulary maintains a substantial police station in Tolcarne Road. The modern fire station in Tregunnel Hill is run by Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service, and is the home of one of the two aerial ladder platforms based in Cornwall. The fire station has 24-hour cover during the summer and is day-staffed in the winter. A separate specialist fire service is maintained at Newquay Airport.
Newquay Hospital established in 1931 is located at the end of St Thomas Road, and is a local hospital catering for both in and outpatients, with a number of clinics and a minor injuries unit. The nearest general hospital and full accident and emergency department is in Truro.
Proposals in recent years for the Newquay Growth Area, east of the present town, have included a new and larger hospital.
Transport
Railway
Newquay railway station
Newquay railway station is the terminus of the Atlantic Coast Line from Par. The railway was originally built as a mineral line in the 1840s and ran mainly around the fringes of the built-up area, as it was then, to the harbour. A passenger service followed on 20 June 1876, and from then on the town developed quickly as a resort. The station is close to the beaches on the east side of the town centre.
Newquay handles daily direct services to and from Plymouth, Exeter and London between May and September. It is the only branch line terminus in Britain still served by scheduled intercity trains. Passenger services are operated under government contract by Great Western Railway, whose owner is FirstGroup.
History
The goods line which would be acquired later by the Cornwall Minerals Railway was opened in 1846 from inland mines to the harbour, and was worked by horses. Parts of the old line from the present station to the harbour are still in existence: the most obvious section is a broad footpath from opposite the station in Cliff Road to East Street, known locally as the "tram track", and complete with a very railway-style overbridge. From East Street, the line continued towards the harbour along the present-day Manor Road.
The last trains ran through to Newquay Harbour in about 1924, but general goods traffic continued to reach Newquay railway station until 1964. The passenger station and its approaches were enlarged more than once, with additional carriage sidings being built at Newquay in the 1930s. The originally wooden viaduct just outside the station, which crosses the Trenance Valley, was rebuilt in 1874 to allow locomotives to run over the structure and then again just before World War II to carry double track, which extended until 1964 for approximately 1500m (1 mile) to Tolcarn Junction. The line is now single again, but the width of the viaduct is still obvious.
Tolcarn Junction was the point where a second passenger route left the Par line between 1906 and 1963. This branch ran to Chacewater, west of Truro, via Perranporth and St Agnes, and provided through trains to Truro and Falmouth.
Two of the three former platforms were taken out of use in 1987, but Network Rail had planned[55] to restore one of the disused platforms to improve capacity.
Mid Cornwall Metro
The Mid Cornwall Metro, which received provisional approval for government funding worth almost £50 million on 18 January 2023,[56][57] will involve a number of upgrades to the Newquay branch. A second platform will be restored at Newquay and there will be other improvements to the terminus, including a bus interchange, as well as an additional crossing place at Tregoss Moor, between St Columb Road and Roche stations. The MCM is intended to provide a clockface hourly service between Newquay, Par, St Austell, Truro and Falmouth Docks.
Newquay Airport provides links to many other parts of the United Kingdom. It is an HM Customs port because it also handles increasing numbers of foreign flights, both scheduled and chartered. Newquay is the principal airport for Cornwall, although there are several minor airfields elsewhere in the county.
Until 2008, Newquay Civil Airport (as it was formerly known) used the runway and other facilities of RAF St Mawgan, but in December 2008 the Ministry of Defence handed over most of the site to the recently formed Cornwall Airport Limited. The first stage of the conversion into a fully commercial airport was completed in 2011, although further substantial development is planned.[58] The handover, which was due to take place at the end of 2008, was delayed for almost three weeks because of problems in obtaining the essential Civil Aviation Authority licence, which was withheld until further work had been carried out.
The name has changed several times since 2008, and the airport is now marketed as Cornwall Airport Newquay. However, the IATA code is still NQY.
Usage of the airport had been rising sharply until the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020–22. On summer Saturdays in 2018 there were almost 50 arrivals and departures, including flights to Germany and other continental countries.[59]
Spaceport
Newquay has obtained a licence to operate as a spaceport, called Spaceport Cornwall.[33][60] A decision had been expected about the sites of UK spaceports in the summer of 2017, but the additional general election in June 2017 delayed necessary legislation for a time. Cornwall's bid was supported by Cornwall Council and Cornwall & Isles of Scilly Local Enterprise Partnership. The proposal also included the related Cornish space tracking station at Goonhilly, which is near Helston in south Cornwall. On 16 July 2018 a new partnership was announced with Virgin Orbit to create the spaceport, with the intention of launching satellites from Newquay within three years. On the same day, the government confirmed that a grant worth £2 million would be available to developing spaceports.[61][62] The planned first satellite from Newquay, Kernow Sat 1, was to measure ocean pollution and deforestation and was planned to be launched in summer 2022 (in the end, Kernow Sat 1 was not present on the first launch from Spaceport Cornwall in 2023[63]). On 24 February 2022, the then Business Secretary, Kwasi Kwarteng, formally launched the construction of a £5.6m Centre for Space Technologies alongside the Spaceport, and the new Centre is expected to create 150 jobs.[64] The first, unsuccessful, attempt to launch satellites took place on 9 January 2023.[32][33]
Bus
Newquay Bus Station
There are regular bus services from Newquay to many parts of central and north Cornwall, including the neighbouring urban centres of St Austell and Truro as well as Falmouth, Fowey, St Columb Major, Padstow, Perranporth, Redruth and Wadebridge. In addition, there are several town services. Buses are operated by First Kernow and Go Cornwall Bus while the town is also served by National Express.
The bus station is in Manor Road, which runs parallel to the shopping area in Bank Street. A scheme to upgrade and improve the bus station with the additions of a new enclosed waiting area and accessible toilet began in February 2018 and was completed in July. Further changes occurred in April and May 2020, because Cornwall Council had awarded an eight-year contract to run subsidised services in the county to Go Cornwall, which also operates as Plymouth CityBus and is owned by the Go-Ahead Group.[65]
Go Cornwall operates an additional local bus service in the high summer to and from a park and ride site by the A392, opposite Hendra Holiday Park.[66]
Newquay have a four-team cricket club based at the sports centre. Their 1st XI compete in Cornwall's County One, winning the ECB Cornwall Premier League in 2003. Newquay's academy has produced four full-Cornwall players — Rob Harrison, Neil Ivamy, Joe Crane and Adam Cocking, in addition to numerous County youth representatives. They have youth teams from age ranges Under 9 - Under 19.
Newquay plays host to the Newquay Road Runners who are based at the sports centre.[67]
Newquay has been a centre for Cornish wrestling, venues for tournaments have included the New Hotel Meadow,[68] Mount Wise recreation ground,[69] the Red Lion Field[70] and the Tower Meadow on Tower Road.[71] The Interceltic games were hosted by Newquay in 1936,[72] 1948,[73] 1951,[74] 1965[75] and 1975.[76]
The resort is widely regarded as the surf capital of the UK.[77] Newquay is a centre for the surf industry in Britain,[78] with many surf stores, board manufacturers and hire shops in the town.
At the centre of Newquay's surfing status is Fistral Beach which has a reputation as one of the best beach breaks in Cornwall. Fistral is capable of producing powerful, hollow waves and holding a good sized swell.
Fistral Beach has been host to international surfing competitions for around 20 years now. The annual Boardmasters Festival takes place at Fistral beach, with a music festival taking place at Watergate Bay.
Newquay is also home to the reef known as the Cribbar. With waves breaking at up to 20 feet (6 m), the Cribbar was until recently rarely surfed as it requires no wind and huge swell to break. It was first surfed in September 1965 by Rodney Sumpter, Bob Head and Jack Lydgate and again in 1966, by Pete Russell, Ric Friar and Johnny McElroy and American Jack Lydgate.[79] The recent[when?] explosion in interest in surfing large waves has seen it surfed more frequently by South African born Chris Bertish, who during a succession of huge clean swells in 2004, surfed the biggest wave ever seen there.[80]
Towan, Great Western and Tolcarne beaches nearer the town and nearby Crantock and Watergate Bay also provide high quality breaks.
Newquay, harbour, Atlantic Hotel and headland from Tolcarne Beach
Some of the scenes in Blue Juice (1995) were filmed in Newquay.[88]
Geography
Climate
As with the rest of the British Isles and South West England, Newquay experiences a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. The nearest Met Office weather station is St. Mawgan/Newquay Airport, about 3.5 miles to the north east of the town centre. Temperature extremes in the area since 1960 vary from 31.3 °C (88.3 °F) in June 1976 and August 1995[89] down to −9.0 °C (15.8 °F) during January 1987.[90]
^Interim account of 1939 excavation by C. K. Croft Andrew (1949)
^Thorn, Caroline and Frank (eds). Domesday Book: Cornwall. Chichester, 1979.ISBN0-85033 156 0
^Padel, O.J. (1998) A popular dictionary of Cornish place-names. Penzance: Alison Hodge ISBN0-906720-15-X
^Lysons, Daniel (1806–22). Written at London. Magna Britannia; being a concise topographical account of the several counties of Great Britain. With copious illustrations. vol. 1-6. L.P. (Volume 03). United Kingdom: Cadell & Davies. p. 66.
^Dugdale, James (1819). The New British Traveller, or, modern panorama of England and Wales; exhibiting ... an ... account ... of the most important portion of the British Empire ... Illustrated by ... maps, views of public buildings, antiquities, etc. (Volume 01). London: J.Robins and Co. p. 424.
^Teague Husband, S. (1923) Old Newquay. Redruth: Dyllansow Truran ISBN0-907566-86-3
^Carew, Richard (1602). The Survey of Cornwall, Book 2 (1st ed.). London: John Jaggard.
^Benson, S. G. G. & Evans, Martin Crossley (2002) I Will Plant Me a Tree: an Illustrated History of Gresham's School. London: James & James ISBN0-907383-92-0
^Tripp, Michael: PERSISTENCE OF DIFFERENCE: A HISTORY OF CORNISH WRESTLING, University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2009, Vol I p2-217.
^"Local Area". Newquaytowncouncilcornwall.co.uk. Archived from the original on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
^The Surfing Tribe - a History of Surfing in Britain by Roger Mansfield (chapter 3) ISBN0-9523646-5-4
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