Niau
Geography
NASA picture of Niau Atoll
Niau
Location	Pacific Ocean
Coordinates	16°9′15″S 146°21′20.4″W / 16.15417°S 146.355667°W / -16.15417; -146.355667
Archipelago	Tuamotus
Area	33 km² (13 sq mi) (lagoon) 20 km² (8 sq mi) (above water)
Length	8 km (5 mi)
Administration
France
Overseas collectivity	French Polynesia
Administrative subdivision	Îles Tuamotu-Gambier
Commune	Fakarava
Largest settlement	Tupana
Demographics
Population	226^[1] (2012)

Niau is a small atoll in French Polynesia, in the commune of Fakarava (Tuamotu archipelago). This atoll has a broad fringing reef, a diameter of 8 km and an area of 53 km².

Niau's lagoon is swampy, hypersaline and entirely enclosed. The narrow strip of land surrounding the lagoon is covered by marsh vegetation. The enclosed lagoon area is 33 km², making the land size at 20 km². The lagoon has an unusual green color.

The only human settlement on Niau is Tupana, population 226 (as of 2012^[update]).

History

The first recorded European to visit Niau was a Russian Admiral Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen in 1820 on ships the Vostok and Mirni. He named this island Greig after Aleksey Greig.

Administration

Niau is administratively part of the commune of Fakarava, which consists of the island Fakarava, as well as the atolls of Aratika, Kauehi, Niau, Raraka, Taiaro and Toau.

Ecology

Niau is one of the few locations where the original Tuamotu tropical moist forests ecosystem^[2] (known locally as feo) has been preserved. This mixed broadleaf forest^[3] ecosystem has disappeared on almost all other atolls. The forest has been preserved in the central parts of the island. It contains several endemic species of plants and animals.

The small Niau kingfisher Todiramphus gertrudae lives now exclusively in the island of Niau. This critically endangered bird disappeared from the Gambier Islands long ago.