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((about|the Continental Navy captain|his nephew, the last president of the Second Bank of the United States|Nicholas Biddle|))
((Use dmy dates|date=April 2022))
((More citations needed|date=March 2014))
((Infobox military person
| name          = Nicholas Biddle
| birth_date    = September 10, 1750
| death_date    = ((death date and age|1778|3|7|1750|9|10))
| birth_place   = [[Philadelphia]]
| death_place   = [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| image         = Captain Nicholas Biddle.jpg
| caption       = Captain Nicholas Biddle by Orlando S. Lagman
| nickname      = 
| allegiance    = ((Flagcountry|Kingdom of Great Britain))<br />((flag|United States|1777))
| branch        = ((navy|Kingdom of Great Britain))<br />((flagicon image|Naval jack of the United States (1776–1777).svg)) [[Continental Navy]]
| serviceyears  = 1770–1773 (GB)<br />1775–1778 (US)
| rank          = Midshipman (GB)<br />[[File:US-O6 insignia.svg|23px]] [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] (US)
| commands      = [[USS Randolph (1776)|USS ''Randolph'']]
| unit          = 
| battles       = [[American Revolutionary War]]
*[[Battle of Nassau]]
*[[Battle of Block Island]]
*[[Battle of Barbados]]((KIA))
))

'''Nicholas Biddle''' (September 10, 1750 – March 7, 1778) was one of the first five [[Captain (naval)|captains]] of the [[Continental Navy]], which was raised by the Continental Congress during the [[American Revolutionary War]]. Biddle was born in Philadelphia in 1750. He began sailing at the age of 13 and joined the [[Royal Navy]] when he was 20. In 1773, he sailed the Arctic with [[Constantine Phipps, 2nd Baron Mulgrave|Constantine Phipps]] and [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Horatio Nelson]]. When the Revolutionary War began in 1775, Biddle joined the Continental Navy and commanded several ships. In 1778 off the coast of [[Barbados]], Biddle confronted ((HMS|Yarmouth|1745|6)), a 64-gun British warship. After a twenty-minute battle, Biddle's ship ((USS|Randolph|1776|2)) suddenly exploded, killing him and most of his men. Four ships of the U.S. Navy have been [[USS Biddle|named in his honor]].

==Early life==
Nicholas Biddle was born in [[Philadelphia]] in 1750, one of nine children to William Biddle (1698–1756) of the [[Biddle family]], and Mary Scull (1709–1789).((sfn|McGrath|2015|p=1)) Biddle went to sea at the age of thirteen, as a ship's boy aboard a merchant vessel trading to the [[West Indies]]. In 1770 he joined the [[Royal Navy]] and served three years until resigning in 1773 to accompany [[Constantine Phipps, 2nd Baron Mulgrave|Captain Constantine Phipps]] on his expedition to the Arctic Sea. While on this voyage Biddle became acquainted with [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Horatio Nelson]], the future British admiral and fellow member of Phipps' expedition.((sfn|McGrath|2015|p=2))

==American Revolutionary War==
In 1775, Biddle returned to North America to offer his services to the State of [[Pennsylvania]] in opposing British rule. With the outbreak of the [[American Revolutionary War]], the Pennsylvania Committee of Safety placed Biddle in command of the armed galley ((USS|Franklin|1775|2)). In December 1775, Biddle was commissioned into the newly established Continental Navy and made captain of the 14-gun brig ((ship||Andrew Doria|1775 brig|2)).((sfn|McGrath|2015|p=2))

Biddle participated in the [[Battle of Nassau|expedition]] against [[New Providence]] and fought in the Continental Navy's [[Action of 6 April 1776|action]] with ((HMS|Glasgow|1757|6)) on April 6, 1776. Biddle was highly critical of the action, noting that the lack of signaling by his superior, Commodore [[Esek Hopkins]], led to a "helter skelter" action. Biddle quickly developed a reputation as an able captain by capturing numerous vessels, including British army transports, on later cruises.

One of his most exceptional campaigns occurred during a cruise of the [[Grand Banks of Newfoundland|Newfoundland Banks]]; Biddle's crew was so successful in the taking of ships that by the time they returned to port, only five sailors were steering Biddle's flagship; the rest were crewing the [[Prize law|prizes]] taken during the cruise.

On June 6, 1776, Biddle was appointed by the [[Continental Congress]] to command ((USS|Randolph|1776|2)), a 32-gun [[frigate]] then being built in [[Philadelphia]] as part of a plan to drastically expand the size and power of the American naval fleet. She was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] near the close of the year and sailed early in 1777. In September 1777, Biddle captured ''HMS True Briton'' and her three-ship [[convoy]].

On March 7, 1778, off [[Barbados]], ''Randolph'' [[Battle of Barbados|engaged]] the British 64-gun [[ship of the line]] ((HMS|Yarmouth|1748|6)). Rather than trying to flee from the more heavily armed opponent, ''Randolph'' sailed into battle so the merchant fleet it was escorting could escape. An eyewitness reported the frigate held her own in the twenty-minute engagement, appearing, "to fire four or five broadsides to the ''Yarmouth''(('))s one."  After Biddle was wounded, ''Randolph'' blew up suddenly, killing all but four of the 305 souls on board, including Biddle. The loss of ''Randolph'' was a serious blow to the fledgling [[Continental Navy]].((sfn|Allen|1913|p=296))((sfn|Allen|1913|p=297))((sfn|Allen|1913|p=298)) His body was lost at sea and never recovered.

His brother, [[Edward Biddle]], was a staunch advocate for American independence, and his nephew, [[Nicholas Biddle (1786–1844)|Nicholas Biddle]], was an esteemed banker.

Four ships of the [[United States Navy]] have been named ((USS|Biddle)) in his honor.

[[Cyrus Townsend Brady]]'s book ''For Love of Country'' is based partly on the life of Nicholas Biddle, in particular the [[Battle off Barbados|action between the ''Randolph'' and the ''Yarmouth'']].<ref>Author's preface to ''For Love of Country'' (1898)</ref>

== In popular culture ==
Nicholas Biddle appears in the video game ''[[Assassin's Creed III]]'' as the primary target of the "Naval Missions". A secret member of the Templar Order, Biddle is revealed to be conspiring with fellow Templars in the [[Royal Navy]] to stage attacks on American shipping near [[Nantucket]] as a means of pressuring Congress to name him an Admiral, thus giving the Templars further control over the nation's fledging naval service. As per historical record, he dies aboard the ((USS|Randolph|1776|6)) in 1778 after being bested in combat by [[Ratonhnhaké:ton|Connor Kenway]]. Biddle demands the right to [[the captain goes down with the ship|go down with his ship]] and is subsequently killed when the ''Randolph'' is destroyed in an explosion of its gunpowder stores.<ref>((cite journal |title=Nicholas Biddle |url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/assassins-creed-3/Nicholas_Biddle |date=December 1, 2012 |access-date=March 31, 2018 |journal=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]]))</ref><ref>((cite journal |title=Biddle's Hideout ((!)) Naval missions |url=https://guides.gamepressure.com/assassinscreediii/guide.asp?ID=17504 |access-date=March 31, 2018 |journal=Game Pressure |publisher=GRY-OnLine S.A.))</ref> He is voiced by [[Fred Tatasciore]].<ref>((cite journal |title=Nicholas Biddle |url=http://www.postavy.cz/nicholas-biddle/ |access-date=March 31, 2018 |journal=Postavy |language=cs))</ref>

==References==
((Reflist|30em))

==Bibliography==
((Commons category|Nicholas Biddle (1750-1778)))
((refbegin))
* ((cite book |last=Allen |first=Gardner Weld |title=A naval history of the American Revolution |url=https://archive.org/stream/ANavalHistoryOfTheAmericanRevolutionVol.i/Allen-NavalHistoryOfTheAmerRevV1 |volume=1 |year=1913 |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Company]] |pages=600))
* ((cite journal |last=McGrath |first=Tim |title=I Fear Nothing |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/navalhistory/2015-08/i-fear-nothing |journal=[[Naval History (magazine)|Naval History]] |volume=29 |issue=4 |publisher=[[United States Naval Institute]] |date=August 2015))
((refend))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Biddle, Nicholas))
[[Category:1750 births]]
[[Category:1778 deaths]]
[[Category:Biddle family|Nicholas]]
[[Category:Captains who went down with the ship]]
[[Category:Continental Navy officers]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Philadelphia]]
[[Category:United States military personnel killed in the American Revolutionary War]]
[[Category:People from colonial Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:People of Pennsylvania in the American Revolution]]
[[Category:Royal Navy officers]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Andrew Doria (1775 brig) (edit)
HMS Glasgow (1757) (edit)
HMS Yarmouth (1745) (edit)
HMS Yarmouth (1748) (edit)
Nicholas Biddle (naval officer) (edit)
USS Biddle (edit)
USS Franklin (1775) (edit)
USS Randolph (1776) (edit)
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