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((short description|British politician))
((Use dmy dates|date=October 2021))
((Infobox officeholder
|image            = Nciholas william budgen.png
|caption          = Budgen at his count
|name             = Nicholas Budgen
|office           = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] <br /> for [[Wolverhampton South West]]
|majority         = 
|term_start       = 28 February 1974
|term_end         = 8 April 1997
|predecessor      = [[Enoch Powell]]
|successor        = [[Jenny Jones (Labour politician)|Jenny Jones]]
|birth_date       = ((birth date|1937|11|03|df=yes))
|birth_place      = [[Newport, Shropshire]], [[United Kingdom]]
|death_date       = ((death date and age|1998|10|26|1937|11|03|df=yes))
|death_place      = 
|party            = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]
|alma_mater       = [[Corpus Christi, Cambridge]]
|religion         = 
|profession       = [[Lawyer]]
))
'''Nicholas William Budgen''' (3 November 1937 – 26 October 1998), often called '''Nick Budgen''', was a British [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] politician.

==Early life and career==
Named after [[St Nicholas Church, Newport|St Nicholas Church]] in [[Newport, Shropshire]] of which his grandfather was a priest, Budgen was baptised at [[Lichfield Cathedral]] by his grandfather, who had also baptised [[Enoch Powell]], as well as marrying his parents. Thirty-seven years later Budgen would succeed Powell as the Conservative member of Parliament for [[Wolverhampton South West]].

Budgen was educated at [[St Edward's School, Oxford|St Edward's School]] in Oxford and [[Corpus Christi College, Cambridge]]. Budgen was raised by his grandfather after his father George had been killed during the [[Second World War]] at [[Axis capture of Tobruk|Tobruk]] on 16 June 1942,<ref>England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1995</ref> one of his uncles having been killed during the [[First World War]] and another during the Second World War at [[Burma campaign|Burma]] in March 1945. During his [[national service]] he rose to the rank of [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|lieutenant]] in the [[North Staffordshire Regiment]], before transferring to the [[Staffordshire Yeomanry]] in 1959. He became a barrister at [[Gray's Inn]] in 1962. Bugden was also a very keen amateur rider under National Hunt rules and in the spring of 1971, won two steeplechases (at Market Rasen and Stratford) on his mare Jocelin, who later became the dam of the very useful steeplechaser Brown Chamberlin.

==Political career==
In the [[1970 United Kingdom general election|1970 general election]] he stood for the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] in [[Birmingham Small Heath]], but failed to gain election. When the Conservative MP [[Enoch Powell]] left the party and [[Resignation from the British House of Commons|resigned from his seat]] over their policy on the [[EEC]], only six weeks before the 1974 general election, Budgen was selected to stand for the Conservatives in Powell's old seat: [[Wolverhampton South West]].

In 1975 he voted to remain in the [[Common Market]].((citation needed|date=September 2018)) In 1981 he was made a Conservative whip, at the time a sure way of becoming a minister. On 8 May 1982, however, he resigned as a whip over his opposition to the creation of a [[Northern Ireland Assembly]] with no government powers.<ref name="resignation">Tim Jones, "Tory rebels unlikely to defeat Ulster Bill", ''The Times'', 10 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> However ''[[The Spectator]]'' selected him as their 1984 Backbencher of the Year. His speeches in November 1985 against the [[Anglo-Irish Agreement]] persuaded his cousin [[Ian Gow]] to resign as a minister from [[Margaret Thatcher]]'s government.

According to [[Michael Brown (British politician)|Michael Brown]], who was at the time a government whip, Nick Budgen was the only critic of the March 1988 Budget, which contained many "giveaways" and led to high inflation and the 1990 recession.<ref name="1988 budget critic">John Campbell, "Margaret Thatcher, volume 2", 2004, p. 580.</ref> Brown described the situation in the Commons tea room after the budget as one of congratulatory atmosphere until Nick Budgen entered and proceeded to tell those present "It is the most irresponsible budget I have ever heard, it will be downhill from now on. In one fell swoop Mr Lawson has squandered five years of responsible economic management".

He was also opposed to immigration to the UK and on 10 October 1989, at the Conservative Party Conference, he, with [[Tim Janman]], MP, and [[Jonathan Guinness]] (in the chair), addressed a controversial fringe meeting organized by the Young [[Monday Club]], advertised as ''The End of the English? – Immigration and Repatriation''.

[[Charles Moore, Baron Moore of Etchingham|Charles Moore]] described at Budgen's memorial service how he once rang Budgen pretending to be a racist constituent. He said that Budgen said he supported a firm immigration policy, but when pushed to agree that all immigrants should be sent home, he forcefully defended their right to be in Britain. "His distaste was palpable. I can think of many more liberal-minded MPs who might have given less firm answers to someone they thought might vote for them," he said.<ref>[https://www.thefreelibrary.com/MP's+election+defeat+may+have+brought+on+cancer.-a060544385 MP's election defeat may have brought on cancer], ''[[The Birmingham Post]]'', 4 February 1999</ref> ((citation needed|date=May 2021))

His real prominence came in the 1990s when he was one of the whipless eight; the [[Maastricht Rebels]]. The whipless eight had taken to having their own policy meetings, leading former pro-EU Prime Minister [[Edward Heath]] to describe them as "a party within a party". To Budgen the European question was an issue far more important than mere party loyalty. He had a contemptuous attitude towards both party and his leaders, having the second most rebellious voting record in the House of Commons for the period from 1979 to 1997. He is quoted as saying, "you know, this is a government you can push" and was acutely aware that [[John Major]]'s government was reliant upon the right wing of its party because of its small majority in the House of Commons.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/1999/oct/17/biography.politics He let the bastards grind him down], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 17 October 1999</ref>

To this end, he helped lead a hardcore of approximately 50 right-wing [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] MPs to influence government policy on Northern Ireland and Europe among other things. His hard line on the Northern Ireland situation was perhaps stiffened by the IRA murder of his cousin [[Ian Gow]] MP, who bled to death in his wife's arms in 1990. He was popular with right-wingers not only for his intelligence but also because he had been campaigning against the UK's gradual European drift since he resigned as a Whip in 1983.

The day after a conciliatory article in ''[[The Times]]'' by Budgen, [[John Major]] returned the Conservative whip to the rebels. Additionally, of the whipless rebels, he was the only one to vote with the government on VAT on fuel in November 1994; the government were, however, defeated, forcing the then Chancellor [[Ken Clarke]] to return to Parliament with a "mini budget", an unprecedented event.

It was Budgen who first mooted the idea of a [[referendum]] on the European Single Currency in 1993, with his proposed European Currency (Referendum) Bill.

Budgen was also a leading member of the [[Treasury Select Committee]], who questioned every tax rise and attacked Kenneth Clarke as being "intellectually dishonest".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20020617111846/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=%2Farchive%2F1996%2F05%2F02%2Fnken02.html Clarke sympathy for money union angers sceptics], ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 2 May 1996</ref> It was his position on this committee that persuaded him that the [[Bank of England]] should be made independent of political interference, this led to his private members bill in 1994, an attempt to privatise the [[Bank of England]]. The bill failed; however, in 1997 when the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] was in government, it made the [[Bank of England]] independent as one of its first measures.

Budgen was also vociferous in protecting the rights of gun owners following the [[Dunblane massacre]]. His speech was described in ''[[The Guardian]]'' by columnist [[Simon Hoggart]] as "one of the last great parliamentary speeches". The Dunblane bill created a situation where small calibre pistols were illegal in the UK (apart from a 3-week period in 2002 for the [[Commonwealth Games]] being held in Manchester, with British teams being forced to practise in France).

Due to his support for a referendum on the question of European integration, [[James Goldsmith]]'s [[Referendum Party]] decided not to run a candidate against him. Budgen had in fact suggested to the seatless former Conservative Government minister [[Alan Clark]] that he should stand for the Referendum Party. He had said that the Conservatives "in the West Midlands will be running on alternative manifesto", presumably meaning with other local Maastricht Rebels, [[Christopher Gill]] ([[Ludlow (UK Parliament constituency)|Ludlow]]) and [[Richard Shepherd]] ([[Aldridge-Brownhills (UK Parliament constituency)|Aldridge & Brownhills]]). Despite losing with a 9.9% swing from the Conservatives to Labour, of the 144 seats that Labour gained from the Conservatives it had the joint-tenth lowest swing, and was one of only 13 seats that changed hands with a swing in single figures.

Whilst Budgen was in favour of limiting immigration and opposed a ban on handguns, he voted against [[capital punishment]].((citation needed|date=September 2018))

Budgen was a keen huntsman. He had hunted in 29 of the UK's counties, and in his youth was well known as a particularly fearless rider; he wrote regularly for ''[[Horse and Hound]]'' and occasionally for the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'', ''[[The Times]]'', ''[[Daily Mail]]'', ''[[Glasgow Herald]]'' and ''[[The Irish Times]]''. Budgen was described in the Commons by one former minister as being "worth ten placeman" and by the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' as the "late, great Nicholas Budgen". He seemed to take great joy in continuing Wolverhampton South West's feud (begun by [[Enoch Powell]]) with [[Edward Heath]], heckling him at any opportunity.

Powell had let it be known that he would refuse a peerage while Heath was still in the Commons, and the latter refused to retire from the Commons for so long as he thought Powell might have a chance of a peerage. According to [[Julian Critchley]], Budgen purchased his suits from [[Oxfam]] and rarely bought anyone a drink.((citation needed|date=September 2018))

Nicholas Budgen died of [[liver cancer]] at [[Stafford General Hospital]] on 26 October 1998.<ref>((cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/201623.stm | title= Former MP Budgen dies | date=26 October 1998 | publisher=BBC | accessdate=16 July 2018 ))</ref> His funeral service was near his [[Lichfield]] farm at Lichfield Cathedral, where his grandfather had been Dean.<ref>[http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/31st-october-1998/14/no-cynic-where-it-mattered No Cynic Where It Mattered], [[Jonathan Aitken]], ''[[The Spectator]]'', 31 October 1998</ref> The eulogy was given by his close friend and fellow Maastricht rebel [[Richard Shepherd]], at his memorial service at St Margaret's Church, Westminster another close friend [[Charles Moore, Baron Moore of Etchingham|Charles Moore]] gave a eulogy.

==Quotations==
((more citations needed|section|date=September 2018))
On the [[Downing Street Declaration]] which said that Britain has "no selfish, strategic or economic interest" in maintaining the Union with Northern Ireland, Budgen asked John Major the question -
"Can I reassure my constituents that the United Kingdom has an interest in maintaining Wolverhampton in the Union?"((citation needed|date=May 2021))

On supporting [[Douglas Hurd]] in the 1990 Conservative leadership contest: 
"it is the Conservative worker's fate to be betrayed by his leader, so we may at least be betrayed elegantly."((citation needed|date=May 2021))

"New Labour will not nationalise industry, it will instead nationalise people."((citation needed|date=May 2021))

"If the Conservatives say beggars should be kicked once, then New Labour will say that beggars should be kicked twice."((citation needed|date=May 2021))

"It would be my general feeling that the transference of power to Europe was so important a matter as to require a vote against any organisation and any party that wished to transfer that power."((citation needed|date=May 2021))

On John Major: "he would make a reasonably competent head of a Wolverhampton Social Security office."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070524232134/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fopinion%2F2003%2F08%2F28%2Fdo2802.xml Politicians are not self-interested shysters], ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'', 28 August 2003</ref>

"If it [Labour] comes to power, those solid citizens will put pressure on the fresh-faced public school boy ([[Tony Blair]]) and we shall be back to the old story of an enormous public sector borrowing requirement, higher taxes and higher interest rates, and there will be no difference whatsoever in substance between the fresh-faced public school boy and all the old chaps who are in favour of old Labour."<ref>[https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1995/jul/12/the-economy#S6CV0263P1_19950712_HOC_471 The Economy], HC Deb 12 July 1995, vol 263 cc971-1062</ref>

Former Labour MP [[Ken Livingstone]] once "said admiringly" to Nick Budgen in 1996: "you've made Major change his policy on Europe, again and again.".<ref>[https://www.questia.com/article/1G1-19138459/what-reasons-are-there-for-supposing-a-blair-government What reasons are there for supposing a Blair Government will not be as stricken by party Dissenters as Major's has been? Plenty, actually], ''[[New Statesman]]'', 13 December 1996</ref>

==References==
((reflist))

== External links ==
*((Hansard-contribs | mr-nicholas-budgen | Nicholas Budgen ))

((s-start))
((s-par|uk))
((succession box
  | title  = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Wolverhampton South West]]
  | years  = [[February 1974 United Kingdom general election|1974]]–[[1997 United Kingdom general election|1997]]
  | before = [[Enoch Powell]]
  | after  = [[Jenny Jones (Labour politician)|Jenny Jones]]
))
((s-end))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Budgen, Nicholas))
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Shropshire]]
[[Category:Staffordshire Yeomanry officers]]
[[Category:English barristers]]
[[Category:Members of Gray's Inn]]
[[Category:North Staffordshire Regiment officers]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:People educated at St Edward's School, Oxford]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1974]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1974–1979]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1979–1983]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1983–1987]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1987–1992]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1992–1997]]
[[Category:Politicians from Wolverhampton]]
[[Category:20th-century English lawyers]]
[[Category:British Eurosceptics]]
[[Category:20th-century British Army personnel]]

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