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((Short description|Community area in Chicago))
((Infobox settlement

|name = North Lawndale
|official_name = Community Area 29 - North Lawndale
|other_name =
|nickname =
|settlement_type = ((nowrap|[[Community areas of Chicago|Community area]]))
|motto =
<!-- images and maps -->
|image_skyline = North Lawndale Sunset.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = A [[Pink Line (CTA)|Pink Line]] train traveling along 21st Street in Lawndale.
|image_map =US-IL-Chicago-CA29.svg
|mapsize =
|map_caption = Location within the city of Chicago
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|pushpin_map =
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_caption =
|pushpin_mapsize =
<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = Illinois
|subdivision_type2 = County
|subdivision_name2 = [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook]]
|subdivision_type3 = City
|subdivision_name3 = Chicago
|parts_type = [[Neighborhoods of Chicago|Neighborhoods]]
|parts_style=list
|parts =
|p1 = [[#Lawndale|Lawndale]]
|p2 = [[#Homan Square|Homan Square]]
|p3 = [[#Douglas Park|Douglas Park]]
|p4 =
|p5 = 
<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 =8.29
|population_as_of = 2020
|population_footnotes = <ref name="cmap">((cite web|url=http://www.cmap.illinois.gov/documents/10180/126764/North+Lawndale.pdf|publisher=MetroPulse|title=Community Data Snapshot - North Lawndale|access-date=July 11, 2020))</ref>
|population_total = 34,794
|population_note = 
|population_density_km2 = auto
|demographics_type1 =[[Demographics of the United States|Demographics]] 2018<ref name="cmap" />
|demographics1_footnotes =
|demographics1_title1 =[[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|White]]
|demographics1_info1 = 3.00%
|demographics1_title2 =Black
|demographics1_info2 = 87.39%
|demographics1_title3 =Hispanic
|demographics1_info3 = 8.83%
|demographics1_title4 =Asian
|demographics1_info4 = 0.17%
|demographics1_title5 =Other
|demographics1_info5 = 0.61%
<!-- General information -->
|timezone = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CST]]
|utc_offset = -6
|timezone_DST = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|coordinates = ((coord|41|51.6|N|87|42.6|W|region:US|display=inline,title))
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -->
|postal_code_type = [[Zip code|ZIP Codes]]
|postal_code = parts of 60608, 60623 and 60624
|area_code =
|blank_name = [[Household income in the United States|Median household income]]
|blank_info = $26,781<ref name="cmap" />
|website =
|footnotes = Source: U.S. Census, Record Information Services
))

'''North Lawndale''' is one of the 77 [[Community areas of Chicago|community areas]] of the city of [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]], located on its [[West Side, Chicago|West Side]]. The area contains the [[K-Town Historic District]], the Foundation for Homan Square, the [[Homan Square facility|Homan Square interrogation facility]], and the greatest concentration of [[Greystone (architecture)|greystones]] in the city. In 1968, Rev. Dr. [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] stayed in an apartment in North Lawndale to highlight the dire conditions in the area and used the experience to pave the way to the [[Civil Rights Act of 1968|Fair Housing Act]]. 

The community area was annexed from [[Cicero Township, Cook County, Illinois|Cicero Township]] in 1869. After the 1871 [[Great Chicago Fire]], plant workers moved to the area to support a new [[International Harvester|McCormick Reaper Company]] plant. Demographics shifted in 1890 towards immigrants from the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]], with many Czech cultural institutions and churches established in the area. The Czech in the area migrated towards the suburbs until a new influx of residents, Jewish former residents of [[Maxwell Street]], became the majority around 1918 before moving northward around 1955. In the 1950s, another wave of residents, black people from the [[South Side, Chicago|South Side]] and American South, became the new majority. Real estate brokers used [[blockbusting]] and scare tactics to remove white residents throughout the next decade.

Beginning in the 1960s, [[King assassination riots|riots]], [[Housing discrimination in the United States|housing discrimination]], [[predatory lending]], and other social and economic disasters led to many businesses and residents leaving, with waves of job loss, abandoned property, and poverty ensuing. Community residents formed the [[grassroots organization]] the [[Contract Buyers League]] in 1968 to combat the discriminatory and predatory housing practices targeting the area. Assisted by a [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] seminarian and twelve white college students, the organization fought the discriminatory real estate practice known as "contract selling", renegotiating around 400 housing contracts and saving an estimated $25,000,000 for exploited black homeowners. In 1986, the Steans Family Foundation was founded to concentrate on grantmaking and programs in the community; the foundation noted signs of revitalization by the 1990s with new shopping and dining, the creation of Homan Square, and new residents moving in – this time Hispanic, and a stabilization in population decrease. Beginning in 2021, violence prevention groups led by READI Chicago, Communities Partnering 4 Peace, and [[Chicago CRED]] began using large-scale relationship-based intervention tactics in the neighborhood, and city funds created a Community Safety and Coordination Center to centralize community resources. From 2021 to 2022, North Lawndale saw a 58%<ref name=":3">((Cite web |last1=adviser |last2=Healy |first2=Jackson |date=2022-06-06 |title=Violence prevention organizations announce drop in citywide, West Side shootings |url=https://depauliaonline.com/58586/news/violence-prevention-organizations-announce-drop-in-citywide-west-side-shootings/ |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=The DePaulia))</ref> decrease in gun violence.

Reinvestment efforts in the decades following 1990 include proposals of new raised greenway parks and new affordable/mixed-income housing development, though the community has raised concerns of how to reinvest into the area without [[gentrification]] pricing out longtime residents. In 2022, the area had a new grocery store to alleviate the area [[food desert]] and received a proposal for a new [[STEAM fields|STEAM]] academy.

==History==
((More citations needed section|date=April 2009))

=== Annexation to Chicago and first waves ===
Once part of [[Cicero Township, Cook County, Illinois|Cicero Township]] in 1869, the eastern section of North Lawndale to Pulaski Road was annexed to Chicago by an act of the state legislature. Thereafter, streets were platted and drainage ditches were installed between Western (2400 west) and Pulaski Road (4000 west). The name "Lawndale" was supplied by Millard and Decker, a real estate firm which subdivided the area in 1870. In 1871, after the [[Great Chicago Fire]], the McCormick Reaper Company (later [[International Harvester]]) constructed and occupied a new large plant in the South Lawndale neighborhood, and many plant workers moved to eastern North Lawndale. The remaining area west of Crawford Avenue was annexed in 1889 by a resolution of the [[Cook County Board of Commissioners|Cook County Commissioners]].

By 1890, North Lawndale was beginning to be heavily populated by [[Bohemia]]n immigrants from the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]]. Czechs moved most heavily to the area from Crawford (Pulaski) west, and from 12th St. (Roosevelt Rd.) to 16th St. Real estate firm W.A. Merigold & Co. was the chief developer of that part of the community, which resulted in the name "Merigold" being associated with the neighborhood. Czech institutions popped up in Merigold, beginning in 1890 with the ''Slovanska Lipa/Sokol Tabor'' (Czech fraternal & gymnastic organization) at 13th & Karlov.

In 1892, the Bohemian Catholic Church, Our Lady of Lourdes, was established at the corner of 15th & Keeler. In 1909 the Czech Freethinkers School, ''Frantisek Palacky,'' was built at 1525 S. Kedvale. The Merigold neighborhood was also known as ''Novy Tabor'' (New Camp) by the Czech immigrants who settled there. The premier Czech institution, established in 1912, was the ''Ceska Beseda'' ([[Bohemian Club (Chicago)|Bohemian Club]]) at 3659 W. Douglas Blvd. This club was attended by Chicago's Czech elite, as well as the visiting Czech elite of the rest of the United States and Czechoslovakia.

It was the place for its members to celebrate and enjoy literature, drama, and music by the most renowned and talented Czech artists. The ethnic Bohemians spread throughout the rest of the North Lawndale neighborhood; they were the original owners of many of the beautiful greystone buildings that graced the picturesque streets of the neighborhood. Many of the elite members of the Bohemian community resided in the vicinity of the 1800 and 1900 blocks of South Millard Avenue.

These wealthy men, as well as the rest of the Czech residents of North Lawndale, were strongly committed to their neighborhood, and were involved in civic affairs. Anton Dvorak Public Elementary School at 3615 W. 16th St. was named after the revered 19th-century Czech composer [[Antonín Dvořák]]. Several members of the North Lawndale Czech community occupied positions in city as well as county government. In the post-World War I years, the Czechs began leaving the neighborhood for newer housing in the western suburbs of [[Cicero, Illinois|Cicero]], [[Berwyn, Illinois|Berwyn]], [[Riverside, Illinois|Riverside]], and [[Brookfield, Illinois|Brookfield]].

By the 1920s, many of the Czechs were gone, and Jews became the majority ethnic group of the neighborhood after having left the crowded confines of the [[Maxwell Street]] ghetto. North Lawndale later became known as being the largest Jewish settlement in the City of Chicago, with 25% of the city's Jewish population.<ref name = "steans">[http://www.steansfamilyfoundation.org/lawndale_history.shtml Steans Family Foundation], Chicago, 2009. Retrieved on 2010-05-11.</ref>

From about 1918 to 1955, Jews, overwhelmingly of Russian and Eastern European origin, dominated the neighborhood, starting in North Lawndale and moving northward as they became more prosperous. In the 1950s, blacks migrated into the area from the South Side and from southern states. Unscrupulous real-estate dealers all but evacuated the white population by using [[blockbusting]] and scare tactics related to the change in ethnicity. In a span of about ten years, the white population of North Lawndale dropped from 87% to less than 9%, but the number of total residents increased.

=== Housing and racial discrimination; decline ===
In 1966, the Rev. Dr. [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] visited North Lawndale and "stayed in an apartment there to highlight the deplorable conditions, which included broken doors and rodent infestations. He used the experience to campaign against discriminatory housing practices nationwide, which helped pave the way for the [[Civil Rights Act of 1968|Fair Housing Act]]."<ref name=":4">((Cite news |last=Westly |first=Erica |date=2019-03-12 |title=Former Sears Complex Returns as a Beacon in a Chicago Neighborhood |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/12/business/sears-chicago-homan-square.html |access-date=2022-07-01 |issn=0362-4331))</ref>

((USCensusPop
|1930=112261
|1940=102470
|1950=100489
|1960=124937
|1970=94871
|1980=61534
|1990=47296
|2000=41768
|2010=35912
|2020=34794
|footnote=<ref name="cmap" /><ref>((cite web|last=Paral|first=Rob|title=Chicago Community Areas Historical Data|url=http://www.robparal.com/downloads/ACS0509/HistoricalData/Chicago%20Community%20Areas%20Historical%20Data.htm|website=Robparal.com|access-date=2 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055428/http://www.robparal.com/downloads/ACS0509/HistoricalData/Chicago%20Community%20Areas%20Historical%20Data.htm|archive-date=18 March 2013|url-status=dead))</ref> 
))

According to the Steans Family Foundation, in the decades following the 1960s:<ref name = "steans"/>

:there were a series of economic and social disasters ... [[King assassination riots|Riots]] followed the [[assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.]], in 1968, destroying many of the stores along Roosevelt Road and accelerating a decline that led to a loss of 75% of the businesses in the community by 1970. Industries closed: [[International Harvester]] in 1969, [[Sears]] (partially in 1974 and completely by 1987), [[Zenith Electronics|Zenith]] and [[Sunbeam Products|Sunbeam]] in the 1970s, [[Western Electric]] in the 1980s. By 1970 African Americans who could also left North Lawndale, beginning a precipitous population decline that continues to this day.

The poverty resulting from the loss of thousands of jobs due to restructuring of industries from the 1960s to the 1980s meant that money was not available for property maintenance. Houses were abandoned and thousands of structures were leveled during this time. Much land sat vacant until the building and real estate boom of the 2000s. Due to these factors, the total neighborhood population dropped from 124,937 in 1960 to 41,768 by 2000.<ref name = "steans"/>

Writer [[Jonathan Kozol]] devotes a chapter of ''Savage Inequalities: Children in America's Schools'' (1991) to North Lawndale. He notes that a local resident called it "an industrial slum without the industry."<ref name="Kozol">Jonathan Kozol (1991): ''Savage Inequalities: Children in America's Schools'', Crown, ((ISBN|0-517-58221-X))</ref>  At the time, it had "one bank, one supermarket, 48 [[Illinois Lottery|state lottery]] agents ... and 99 licensed bars."<ref name="Kozol"/> According to the 1980 census, 58 percent of men and women 17 and older had no jobs.

In 1986, the Steans Family Foundation was founded to concentrate on grantmaking and programs in North Lawndale.<ref name = "steans"/> In the 1990s, the foundation noted signs of revitalization, "including a new shopping plaza and some new housing" associated with Homan Square, stabilization of the declining population, and a rise in new residents, mostly Hispanic. They constituted 4.5% of the population.

According to Charles Leeks, director of NHS, North Lawndale has the greatest concentration of [[Greystone (architecture)|greystones]] in the city. In late 2004, the City of Chicago enacted "The Historic Chicago Greystone Initiative" to promote the preservation of the neighborhood's greystone structures.

=== Contract Buyers League ===
((Main|Contract Buyers League))
The [[Contract Buyers League]] (CBL) was a [[grassroots organization]] formed in 1968 by residents of the North Lawndale community. Assisted by Jack MacNamara, a Jesuit seminarian, and twelve white college students based at Presentation Roman Catholic Church, led by Msgr. Jack Egan, the CBL fought the discriminatory real estate practice known as "contract selling".

Groups similar to the CBL formed in cities around the country to combat contract selling. The CBL was the most influential in winning justice for exploited black homebuyers. The CBL renegotiated 400 contracts for its members, saving residents an estimated $25,000,000. The FHA finally responded to pressure from the CBL by reforming its discriminatory underwriting policies in order to lend to blacks.((Citation needed|date=January 2017))

North Lawndale was featured in a video explaining the impact of [[Housing discrimination in the United States|housing discrimination]] and [[predatory lending]] in Chicago.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/YxPX_uJ36bg Ghostarchive]((cbignore)) and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20140608164706/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxPX_uJ36bg&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]((cbignore)): ((cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxPX_uJ36bg| title = The Story of the Contract Buyers League | website=[[YouTube]]))((cbignore))</ref><ref>((Citation|last=The Atlantic|title=The Story of the Contract Buyers League (YouTube video)|date=2014-05-28|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxPX_uJ36bg|access-date=2017-01-12))</ref>

=== Revitalization ===
Though the departure of [[Sears]] and other businesses from the area had devastated the neighborhood, the repurposing of the Sears complex – known as Homan Square – would aid in rebuilding the community. Beginning in the mid 1990s, homeowners came to fill approximately 350 affordable housing units, and a new grocery store and the neighborhood's first Starbucks opened. However, the [[financial crisis of 2007–2008]] set the area back; the grocery store and Starbucks closed, replaced with a grocery store with more limited options and creating a [[food desert]].<ref name=":4" /> In the following years, community nonprofit organizations led change in the area: UCAN, a center for disadvantaged youths moved to the area in 2016,<ref name=":4" /> and violence prevention groups led by READI Chicago, Communities Partnering 4 Peace, and Chicago CRED reduced violence and crime in the area by tens of percentage points after beginning area operations in 2021,<ref name=":5" /> returning $3-$7 to the community for every $1 invested.<ref name=":1" /> Later in 2021, the city opened the community-led Community Safety and Coordination Center, a centralized community resource center for many types of issues.<ref name=":6" />

In 2022, the neighborhood's first black-owned grocery store opened, using produce and grocery giveaways that served 300-500 families per day to build trust in the neighborhood, following a strategy from the [[Black Panther Party]].<ref>((Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=A Black-Owned Supermarket Coming To The West Side Is Giving Away Groceries Until It Opens |url=https://blockclubchicago.org/2022/03/10/a-black-owned-supermarket-coming-to-the-west-side-is-giving-away-fresh-groceries-until-it-opens/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Block Club Chicago |language=en))</ref> This followed a black-owned health food store that opened in the neighborhood in 2018.<ref>((Cite web |title=Black-owned health food store brings new life to North Lawndale food desert |url=https://freespiritmedia.org/features-search/2018/2/14/black-owned-health-food-store-brings-new-life-to-north-lawndale-food-desert |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Free Spirit Media |language=en-US))</ref>

==Subsections==

=== K-Town ===
((See also|K-Town Historic District))
'''K-Town''' is a nickname for an area in [[Humboldt Park, Chicago|Humboldt Park]], North Lawndale, and [[West Garfield Park, Chicago|West Garfield Park]]<ref group=note>Although these long streets extend beyond the bounds of North Lawndale, and West Garfield Park, published sources identify the name K-Town as referring specifically to an area of North Lawndale, and West Garfield Park, i.e. the area through which these streets pass.</ref> between [[Pulaski Road (Chicago)|Pulaski Road]] and [[Illinois Route 50|Cicero Avenue]] in which the names of many north–south avenues begin with the letter K (Karlov, Keating, Kedvale, Keeler, Kenneth, Kenton, Keystone, Kilbourn, Kildare, Kilpatrick, Kirkland, Knox, Kolin, Kolmar, Komensky, and Kostner). The pattern is a historical relic of a 1913 street-naming proposal, by which streets were to be systematically named according to their distance from the Illinois-Indiana border; K, the eleventh letter, was to be assigned to streets within the eleventh mile, counting west from the state line. The eleventh mile is the easternmost area in which the plan was widely implemented, as many neighborhoods to the east were already developed and had street names in place. The portion of K-Town bounded by W. Kinzie St,  W. Cermak Rd, S. Kostner Ave, and S. Pulaski Rd was listed as a historic district on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on September 9, 2010.

John W. Fountain wrote in his 2005 memoir:
((Blockquote|K-Town is a city within a city, a fifteen-minute drive from downtown Chicago's skyscrapers ... I used to joke that the "K" stood for "kill." I was only half-joking ... it had developed a reputation for being one of the rougher places in the city. ... K-Town is where my grandfather ... and all the other black folk that flocked to the West Side during the mid-to-late-1950s bought proud brick houses on tree-lined streets with crackless cement sidewalks. ...<ref>John W. Fountain (2005): ''True Vine: A Young Black Man's Journey of Faith, Hope, and Clarity.'' Public Affairs, ((ISBN|1-58648-285-8)); [http://print.google.com/print?hl=en&id=YChTBENgAE8C&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=k-town+lawndale&prev=http://print.google.com/print%3Fq%3Dk-town%2Blawndale&sig=UfNuIYHfySFuNShRZiNUKqMBSEk print]((Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes ))</ref>))

===Homan Square===
The site of the [[Sears, Roebuck and Company Complex|former Sears headquarters]] was redeveloped beginning in 1988 as Homan Square. In 1993, residents at a community discussion expressed fear of being [[Gentrification|developed out]], with renters having few protections from rising rent.<ref>((Cite web |last=chicagoreader |date=1993-01-28 |title=The squabble at Homan Square: west-siders challenge developers' plans for the old Sears complex |url=http://chicagoreader.com/news-politics/the-squabble-at-homan-square-west-siders-challenge-developers-plans-for-the-old-sears-complex/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Chicago Reader |language=en-US))</ref> The development has included new construction of owned and rental [[mixed-income housing]]; adaptive reuse and restoration of historic properties for use as community center, school, and other facilities; a new community pool and recreation center; and associated retail.<ref name=":4" /> Homan Square is often used as an example of the revitalization of North Lawndale.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.homansquare.org/content/index.php |title=Homan Square Community Campus |access-date=2007-10-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313151215/http://www.homansquare.org/content/index.php |archive-date=2007-03-13 ))</ref> The former Sears tower was rehabbed and reopened to the public as "The John D. and Alexandra C. Nichols Tower" in 2015.<ref name=":4" /> It now houses non-profit groups and youth association offices. Despite the renaming, the tower retains the "Sears Roebuck" plaque on top of the building. The 14th floor of the tower is now used as a space for parties and other community events. A windowless portion of the building indicates the tower's former connection to the Sears Merchandise Building. The complex before demolition was situated along the former [[Baltimore and Ohio Chicago Terminal Railroad]] line (now [[CSX]]).

Homan Square was the area that housed [[Homan Square facility|a police compound]] "likened to a CIA black site" in 2012, where people were held without  their rights being respected.<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/feb/26/chicago-police-homan-square-vic-suter |title=Held for hours at secret Chicago 'black site' |website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |date=26 February 2015 |access-date=2020-01-04 ))</ref>

==Infrastructure and transportation==
The [[United States Postal Service]] operates the Otis Grant Collins Post Office at 2302 South Pulaski Road.<ref>((cite web|url= http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/71460?p=1&s=IL&service_name=post_office&z=Cicero|archive-url= https://archive.today/20120718060328/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/71460?p=1&s=IL&service_name=post_office&z=Cicero|url-status= dead|archive-date= July 18, 2012|title= Post Office Location - OTIS GRANT COLLINS|publisher= [[United States Postal Service]]|access-date= April 17, 2009))</ref>

The [[Chicago Transit Authority]]'s [[Pink Line (Chicago Transit Authority)|Pink Line]] serves this neighborhood. Stations are located at [[Kedzie (CTA Pink Line station)|Kedzie]], [[Central Park (CTA)|Central Park]], [[Pulaski (CTA Pink Line station)|Pulaski]], and [[Kostner (CTA Pink Line station)|Kostner]].

In 2022, the city heard proposals for the Altenheim Line, an elevated park similar to the [[Bloomingdale Trail|Bloomingdale (606) Trail]], that would be developed on the site of former rail lines with existing rail running near the park.<ref name=":7">((Cite web |date=2022-01-25 |title=New elevated nature trail eyed for West Side |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/1/24/22894060/althenheim-line-rails-to-trails-campaign-west-side-606 |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Chicago Sun-Times |language=en))</ref> Some residents expressed concerns about gentrification; Alderman [[Michael Scott Jr.]] expressed that he was confident the community could avoid gentrification and keep residents there due to being able to control the market price with much land being owned by both the city and the Cook County Land Bank Authority.<ref name=":7" />

==Crime==
Historian Paul Street, citing a 2001 demographic study by Claritas Inc., writes that more than 70% of men aged 18–45 residing in North Lawndale had criminal records.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.prisonpolicy.org/scans/theviciouscircle.pdf|title=Street, Vicious Circle, 16|website=Prisonpolicy.org|access-date=14 October 2017))</ref>

Beginning in 2021, violence prevention groups led by READI Chicago, Communities Partnering 4 Peace, and Chicago CRED began using large-scale relationship-based intervention tactics in the neighborhood. Flatlining Violence Inspires Peace provided street outreach workers, a major component of the joint movement. The initiatives also included providing the residents – with a focus on young men – with social services such as [[National Center for Trauma-Informed Care|trauma-informed]]<ref name=":1">((Cite web |title=Ripple Effect Transcript |url=https://www.chicago.gov/content/city/en/sites/cscc/home/ripple-effect/Transcript.html |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=www.chicago.gov |language=en-US))</ref> [[cognitive behavioral therapy]] and economic opportunities such as job training and legal support.<ref name=":0">((Cite web |date=2021-06-16 |title=Street Outreach Groups Join Forces In Lawndale To 'Interrupt Violence Deep In The Trenches' |url=https://blockclubchicago.org/2021/06/16/street-outreach-groups-join-forces-in-lawndale-to-interrupt-violence-deep-in-the-trenches/ |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=Block Club Chicago |language=en))</ref> Three years ago, the city's budget for violence prevention had been less than $1 million per year.<ref name=":0" /> In 2021, the city spent approximately $50 million on violence prevention, with additional support from private funds,<ref>((Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=Anti-violence groups tout united front as summer nears |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/2022/5/19/23125585/anti-violence-groups-meeting-summer-gangs-cred-readi-chicago-ucan-crime-shootings |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=Chicago Sun-Times |language=en))</ref> which allowed violence prevention groups to work collaboratively instead of competing for grants.<ref name=":2">((Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=Anti-violence groups tout united front as summer nears |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/2022/5/19/23125585/anti-violence-groups-meeting-summer-gangs-cred-readi-chicago-ucan-crime-shootings |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=Chicago Sun-Times |language=en))</ref> The funds also supported the summer 2021 creation of a new, community-led Community Safety and Coordination Center, a central site for resources for [[Violence against women|gender-based violence]], housing initiatives, youth programs, and physical and mental health, as well as job readiness programs partnered with [[Labor unions in the United States|labor unions]].<ref name=":6">((Cite web |date=2021-08-06 |title=To Combat Crime, City Launches Central 'Nerve Center' To Bring Violence Prevention Programs Under One Roof |url=https://blockclubchicago.org/2021/08/06/violent-crime-city-launches-central-nerve-center-brings-prevention-programs-under-one-roof/ |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=Block Club Chicago |language=en))</ref> In 2022, the budget accounts for $85 million towards similar services.<ref name=":2" />

Evaluations from the [[University of Chicago Crime Lab]] in 2022 found that participants in the youth program Choose to Change had "48% fewer violent crime arrests and 32% fewer school misconduct incidents than their control group peers," while participants in the male gun violence prevention program READI Chicago had "63 percent fewer arrests and 19% fewer victimizations for shootings and homicides."<ref name=":5">((Cite web |last=Naomi Andu |title=Stopping the other 99% of gun violence |url=https://politi.co/3NTpz2w |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=POLITICO |language=en))</ref> The Crime Lab further stated that there is "about 85% confidence that for every dollar invested in a program like READI Chicago, society reaps $3 to $7 in return."<ref name=":1" /> 

From 2021 to 2022, North Lawndale saw a 58% decrease in gun violence.<ref name=":3" />

==Education==
The area is in [[Chicago Public Schools]] and is served by the following high schools: [[Farragut Career Academy]]<ref name="Watkinsp185">Watkins, William Henry. ''Black Protest Thought and Education'' (Volume 237 of Counterpoints : studies in the postmodern theory of education, ISSN 1058-1634). Peter Lang, 2005. ((ISBN|0820463124)), 9780820463124. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=WuI5POR1apoC&pg=PA18 185] (Section "Farragut High School")</ref> and [[North Lawndale College Prep High School]].

As of 2020, North Lawndale experienced much student loss, much of it due to people leaving the city but also due to having "the most charter schools and [the] highest percentage of students enrolled in charter schools" out of all Chicago community areas.<ref name=":8">((Cite web |title=Blueprint for change or another blow to North Lawndale? A call to close 3 schools and open another has split a Chicago community in need of rebuilding. |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-chicago-schools-north-lawndale-20201130-u3m4adsc4rc6xc5avhluvvfgwa-story.html |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Chicago Tribune))</ref> Less than 30% of students in the [[West Side, Chicago|West Side]] attended their zoned public schools.<ref name=":8" /> Early the same year, charter elementary school Frazier Preparatory Academy was closed for performance reasons, and students were split between Lawndale Community Academy, Sumner Math and Science Community Academy, and Crown Community Academy of Fine Arts. Later that year, the community heard proposals to merge the three schools into one new [[STEAM fields|STEAM]] school due to low enrollment.

By 2022, the neighborhood received a new proposal to create the new STEAM elementary school without consolidating the other three schools; the new school's student body would be made of 80% Lawndale residents and 20% from elsewhere in the city.<ref>((Cite web |date=2022-01-20 |title=West Side Groups Relaunch Plans To Open STEAM Academy— This Time Without Merging 3 Neighborhood Schools |url=https://blockclubchicago.org/2022/01/20/west-side-groups-relaunch-plans-to-open-steam-academy-this-time-without-merging-3-neighborhood-schools/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Block Club Chicago |language=en))</ref>

==Notable people==
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=== Arts, literature, and entertainment ===

*[[Shelley Berman]] (1925–2017), comedian, actor, writer, teacher, lecturer and poet. He was a childhood resident of North Lawndale.<ref name="Jewish West Side" />
* [[Andre Braugher]] (1962–2023), actor (''[[Glory (1989 film)|Glory]]'', ''[[Homicide: Life on the Street]]'', ''[[Brooklyn Nine-Nine]]''). He was born and raised in North Lawndale.<ref>((cite news |last=Kilian |first=Michael |date=March 3, 1991 |title=Classic overachiever |page=SM20 |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1991-03-03-9101200199-story.html |access-date=May 6, 2019))</ref>
* [[Steelo Brim]] (born 1988), television personality, host, and actor((citation needed|date=October 2013))
* [[Ruth Duskin Feldman]] (1934–2015), [[Quiz Kids]] panelist and author. She was a childhood resident of 1660 South Troy Street.<ref>((cite web |title=Ruth Duskin in the 1940 United States Federal Census |url=https://www.ancestry.com/1940-census/usa/Illinois/Ruth-Duskin_53p4cn |access-date=November 24, 2021 |website=[[Ancestry.com]]))</ref><ref>((cite news |last=Fox |first=Margalit |date=June 5, 2015 |title=Ruth Feldman, 80, Dies; Quiz Kid Told What It Was Like in a Book |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/06/arts/ruth-feldman-a-quiz-kid-who-later-distilled-the-experience-in-a-book-dies-at-80.html |access-date=November 24, 2021))</ref>
* [[Benny Goodman]], clarinetist nicknamed the "King of Swing," grew up at 1125 S. Francisco Avenue((citation needed|date=October 2013))
* [[Ahuvah Gray]], author, grew up in the neighborhood, she now lives in [[Israel]].<ref>((cite web |author=MORDECHAI S CHILLER |title=GO WHERE I SEND THEE : A Former Minister Finds Torah |url=http://ou.org.s3.amazonaws.com/pdf/ja/5766/summer66/34_36.pdf |access-date=14 October 2017 |website=Ou.org.s3.amazonaws.com))</ref>
* [[Irv Kupcinet]] (1912–2003), newspaper columnist and radio personality. He was a childhood resident of North Lawndale.<ref name="Jewish West Side" />
* [[Michael Peña]], actor (''[[Crash (2004 film)|Crash]]'', ''[[Million Dollar Baby]]'', ''[[End of Watch]]'', ''[[Fury (2014 film)|Fury]]'', ''[[Ant-Man (film)|Ant-Man]]''). Born and raised in North Lawndale.((citation needed|date=October 2013))
* [[Ramsey Lewis]] (born 1935), jazz composer((citation needed|date=October 2013))
* [[Kim Novak]] (born 1933), actor,  lived at 1910 S. Springfield Ave.<ref>((cite web |title=Seven Things to Know About Kim Novak |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/seven-things-to-know-about-actress-kim-novak-the-vortex-at-the-heart-of-vertigo/ar-BBLTr1h |website=[[MSN]]))</ref>
* [[Harold Ramis]] (1944–2014), actor, comedian, director and writer. Ramis was a childhood resident of North Lawndale living at 13th Street and Keeler Avenue and 14th Street and Kostner Avenue before his family moved to [[Rogers Park, Chicago|Rogers Park]] as part of the white flight of the era.<ref>((cite news |date=January 24, 2014 |title=Harold Ramis' Chicago Childhood was Basis for Lost Sitcom |newspaper=[[DNAinfo]] |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20140224/near-west-side/harold-ramis-chicago-childhood-was-basis-for-lost-sitcom/ |url-status=dead |access-date=November 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111171829/https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20140224/near-west-side/harold-ramis-chicago-childhood-was-basis-for-lost-sitcom |archive-date=November 11, 2017))</ref>
* [[Jean Terrell]], singer who replaced [[Diana Ross]] as the lead singer of [[The Supremes]] in January 1970.((citation needed|date=February 2021))
* [[Twista]], rapper.((citation needed|date=February 2021))
* [[Dinah Washington]], "Queen of the Blues," lived at 1518 S. Trumbull Avenue.((citation needed|date=February 2021))

=== Athletes ===

* [[Kevin Garnett]], basketball player((citation needed|date=October 2013))
* [[Mickey Johnson]], basketball player((citation needed|date=October 2013))
* [[Darryl Stingley]], football player for the [[New England Patriots]].((citation needed|date=February 2021))
* [[Marques Sullivan]], football player, grew up at 1818 S. Kedzie Avenue((citation needed|date=October 2013))
* [[Ernie Terrell]], (1939 – 2014) singer and former [[World Boxing Association|WBA]] [[List of heavyweight boxing champions|heavyweight boxing champion]], brother of [[Jean Terrell]] of [[The Supremes]].((citation needed|date=February 2021))
* [[Isiah Thomas]], basketball player for the [[Detroit Pistons]].((citation needed|date=February 2021))

=== Business ===

* [[Julius Rosenwald]], co-founder and president of [[Sears|Sears, Roebuck & Co.]]((citation needed|date=February 2021))

=== Military ===

* [[Hyman G. Rickover]], United States Navy Admiral known as the "Father of the Nuclear Navy"<ref>((cite magazine |date=1954-01-11 |title=The Man in Tempo 3 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,819338-2,00.html |url-status=dead |magazine=Time |issn=0040-781X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423233511/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,819338-2,00.html |archive-date=April 23, 2008 |access-date=2009-03-06))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Duncan |first=Francis |title=Rickover: the struggle for excellence |publisher=[[United States Naval Institute#Naval Institute Press|U.S. Naval Institute Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-55750-177-6 |location=[[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis]], Maryland |page=7))</ref>

=== Politics, law, activism, and nonprofits ===
* [[Jacob Arvey]] (1895–1977), politician and influential leader in the [[Cook County Democratic Party]].<ref name="Jewish West Side" />
* [[Ertharin Cousin]], 12th [[Executive Director of the United Nations World Food Programme]]. She was raised in North Lawndale.<ref>((cite web|editor-last=Orr|editor-first=David|title=Resolution 12-R-54 Congratulating Ertharin Cousin on her appointment to lead the "United Nations World Food Program"|work=Journal of the Proceedings of the Board of Commissioners of Cook County|date=February 1, 2012|publisher=[[Cook County Board of Commissioners]]|location=[[Chicago]]|page=12|url=http://cook-county.granicus.com/DocumentViewer.php?file=cook-county_82b3728743d8ddb9bcee5efde2c7cd45.pdf&view=1))</ref>
* [[Danny K. Davis]] (born 1941), U.S. Representative, former executive director of the Greater Lawndale Conservation Commission((citation needed|date=October 2013))
* [[Elmer Gertz]] (1906–2000), lawyer and civil rights activist notable as the plaintiff in ''[[Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.]]''. He was a childhood resident of North Lawndale.<ref name="Jewish West Side" />
* [[Andrea Jenkins]] (born 1961), first black openly transgender woman elected to public office in the United States upon her election to the [[Minneapolis City Council]] in 2017. Jenkins was a childhood resident of North Lawndale.<ref>((cite news|last1=Zurowski|first1=Cory|title=Andrea Jenkins archives LGBTQ stories for the ages|url=http://www.citypages.com/arts/andrea-jenkins-archives-lgbtq-stories-for-the-ages-7427689|access-date=June 18, 2016|work=[[City Pages]]|date=June 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529123321/http://www.citypages.com/arts/andrea-jenkins-archives-lgbtq-stories-for-the-ages-7427689|archive-date=May 29, 2016))</ref><ref>((cite news|last1=Bruch|first1=Michelle|title=Building an archive of transgender history|url=http://www.southwestjournal.com/news/2015/05/building-an-archive-of-transgender-history/|access-date=June 18, 2016|work=[[Southwest Journal]]|date=May 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618165716/http://www.southwestjournal.com/news/2015/05/building-an-archive-of-transgender-history/|archive-date=June 18, 2016))</ref>
* [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] (1929–1968), civil rights leader, lived at 1550 S. Hamlin Ave. in 1966 while [[Chicago Freedom Movement|campaigning against housing discrimination]] in Chicago.<ref>((cite encyclopedia|quote=Against the wishes of King and his aides, housing authorities fixed the place up a bit before the activist and his family moved in. King later noted that in the more confined space, his children became more irritable and less patient. He also bonded with local residents by demonstrating his facility with a pool cue in a nearby billiards parlor.|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/901.html|title=North Lawndale|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia|publisher=Chicago History|access-date=September 8, 2008|archive-date=January 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130063532/http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/901.html|url-status=live|df=mdy))</ref>
* [[Meyer Levin]] (1905–1981), attorney. He was a childhood resident of North Lawndale.<ref name="Jewish West Side" />
* [[Benjamin F. Lewis]] (1909–1963), member of the [[Chicago City Council]] from Chicago's 24th ward from 1958 until he was murdered in his ward office in 1963. He was a resident of 3457 West 13th Place.<ref>((cite news|last=Tagge|first=George|title=Negro Slated for Alderman in 24th Ward: Democrats Pick City Aid, B. F. Lewis|date=December 18, 1957|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|access-date=November 30, 2020|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20655990/lewis-benjamin-wins-democratic/))</ref>
* [[William Lorimer (politician)|William Lorimer]] (1861–1934), [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] member of the [[United States Senate]] from 1909 until his expulsion in 1912. He resided in a mansion at 3659 West Douglas Boulevard.<ref name="Jewish West Side">((cite book|last=Cutler|first=Irving|title=Chicago's Jewish West Side|chapter=Chapter 3 - People|publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing]]|location=[[Charleston, South Carolina]]|date=October 26, 2009|isbn=9781439621004|access-date=November 30, 2020|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5wUtF-RoAAkC))</ref>
* [[Abraham Lincoln Marovitz]] (1905–2001), Judge of the [[United States District Court]] for the [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois|Northern District of Illinois]] from 1963 to 1975. He was a resident of 1323 South Independence Boulevard while a member of the [[Illinois Senate]] in the 1930s and 1940s.<ref>((cite book|title=Illinois Blue Book 1939-1940|page=183|access-date=November 30, 2020|publisher=[[Illinois Secretary of State]]|url=http://www.idaillinois.org/digital/collection/bb/id/22224))</ref>
* [[Golda Meir]], Prime Minister of [[Israel]]. She briefly lived at 1306 S. Lawndale Avenue in 1917 while working at the Lawndale Branch Library<ref>((cite web|title=Golda Meir's Home in Chicago|url=http://jewishchicago.spertus.edu/browse/story/1|work=Uncovered & Rediscovered ((!)) Stories of Jewish Chicago|publisher=Spertus Institute|access-date=6 October 2013))</ref>
* [[Gloria Pughsley]], delegate to the [[Sixth Illinois Constitutional Convention]]

==Popular culture==

Since 2011, the neighborhood has been the primary filming location for the [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] series ''[[Shameless (U.S. TV series)|Shameless]]'', although the show is set in the city's [[Back of the Yards]] neighborhood.((citation needed|date=May 2018))

Another Showtime TV series, ''[[The Chi]]'', which debuted in 2018 and is set on the South Side of Chicago, films in the neighborhood.((citation needed|date=May 2018))

==Notes==
((Reflist|group=note))

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*[http://www.cityofchicago.org/content/dam/city/depts/doit/general/GIS/Chicago_Maps/Community_Areas/CA_NORTH_LAWNDALE.pdf Official City of Chicago North Lawndale Community Map]
*North Lawndale: Profile of an Illinois Workforce Advantage Target Area. Parisa Arash, Office of the Governor, State of Illinois
*'''Chicago Park District'''
** [https://archive.today/20070405113717/http://www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/parks.detail/object_id/3FD4402A-97C3-4426-9179-B7953CAEAA3F.cfm Douglas Park]
*[http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1440.html K-Town], entry in the Chicago Historical Society's ''Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060507030020/http://www.steansfamilyfoundation.org/lawndale/index.html North Lawndale History] Steans Family Foundation website.
*[http://www.homansquare.org/ Homan Square] Homan Square website.

((Geographic location

| Center = North Lawndale, Chicago
| North = [[West Garfield Park, Chicago]]
| Northeast = [[East Garfield Park, Chicago]]
| East = [[Near West Side, Chicago]]
| Southeast = [[Lower West Side, Chicago]]
| South = [[South Lawndale, Chicago]]
| West = [[Cicero, Illinois]]
| Northwest = [[Austin, Chicago]]
))

((Community areas of Chicago))
((Neighborhoods in Chicago))
((Chicago))
((Authority control))

[[Category:North Lawndale, Chicago| ]]
[[Category:Community areas of Chicago]]
[[Category:Czech-American culture in Chicago]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1870]]
[[Category:1870 establishments in Illinois]]

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