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((short description|Part of Minnesota, separated from the rest of the state by the Lake of the Woods))
((Use mdy dates|date=July 2023))
((more citations needed|date=January 2013))
[[File:NORTHWEST Angle.png|thumb|right|300px|The Northwest Angle in Minnesota, bordering [[Manitoba]], [[Ontario]], and Lake of the Woods]]
[[File:Northwest angle Landsat.jpg|thumb|Northwest Angle from [[Landsat 8]], 2015|350px]]

The '''Northwest Angle''', known simply as '''the Angle''' by locals, and coextensive with [[Angle Township, Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota|Angle Township]], is a [[pene-exclave]] of northern [[Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota]].  Except for surveying errors,<ref>((Cite web|last=Jacobs|first=Frank|date=2011-11-28|title=A Not-So-Straight Story|url=https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/28/a-not-so-straight-story/|access-date=2021-03-15|website=Opinionator|language=en-US))</ref> it is the only place in the contiguous [[United States]] north of the [[49th parallel north|49th parallel]], which forms the border between the U.S. and [[Canada]] from the Northwest Angle westward to the [[Strait of Georgia]] (between the U.S. state of [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and the province of [[British Columbia]]). <!-- (but not the Pacific) --> The land area of the Angle is separated from the rest of Minnesota by [[Lake of the Woods]], but shares a land border with Canada. It is one of [[Canada–United States border#Practical exclaves of the United States|six non-island locations]] in the 48 contiguous states that are [[Enclave and exclave#"Practical" enclaves, exclaves and inaccessible districts|practical exclaves]] of the U.S. It is the northernmost township in Minnesota and contains the northernmost point in the [[Contiguous United States|contiguous 48 states]]. The unincorporated community of [[Angle Inlet, Minnesota|Angle Inlet]] is in the Northwest Angle.

Seventy percent of the land of the Angle is held in trust by the [[Red Lake Indian Reservation]] ([[Ojibwe people|Ojibwa]]).<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.rlnn.com/newsarticlesnov03/aboutRL.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115164850/http://www.rlnn.com/newsarticlesnov03/aboutRL.html |archive-date=November 15, 2010 |title=About the Red Lake Indian Reservation |publisher=Red Lake Net News))</ref>

Although the Angle is listed as one of several distinct [[regions of Minnesota]], its total population was 119 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]].<ref name="2010 Census (County Subs)">((cite web|title=2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File - County Subdivision|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST16&prodType=table|work=American FactFinder|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=1 May 2011))((dead link|bot=medic|date=April 2020))((cbignore|bot=medic))</ref> The area is mostly water and the land is mostly forest.

==Origin==
[[File:Mitchell Map 1 quarter north west.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The northwest quarter of the Mitchell Map, showing the Lake of the Woods as roughly oval, and indicating that the head of the Mississippi River is not yet known]]

Angle Township was designated as territory of the United States because negotiators of the initial [[Canada–United States border|Canada–U.S. border]] misunderstood the geography of the area. [[Benjamin Franklin]] and British representatives relied on the [[Mitchell Map]] of colonial American geographer [[John Mitchell (geographer)|John Mitchell]], which did not indicate the source of the [[Mississippi River]]—thought to lie some distance to the northwest—or the true shape of [[Lake of the Woods]], which was instead shown as roughly oval. The 1783 [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]] thus stated that the boundary between U.S. territory and the British possessions to the north would run "...through the Lake of the Woods to the [[Northwestern point of the Lake of the Woods|northwesternmost point]] thereof, and from thence on a due west course to the [[Mississippi River|river Mississippi]]..."

But the source of the Mississippi River, [[Lake Itasca]] (then unknown to European explorers), lies almost due south of Lake of the Woods, rather than north and west of it. Additionally, the irregular actual shape of the lake made the identification of its northwest corner difficult. By the time of the [[Jay Treaty]] of 1794, there was concern that the Mississippi did not go far enough north, and so as part of that treaty it was decided that a joint survey of the river would be conducted, and if it did not extend far enough north that new, "amicable negotiations" would be undertaken to set the boundary in accordance with the intent of the Treaty of Paris. In 1797, it was confirmed when [[David Thompson (explorer)|David Thompson]], an explorer, located the most northerly source of the Mississippi a few miles north of Bemidji, which is south of Lake of the Woods.<ref name="Line">((cite web |title=DRAWING THE LINE… THE CANADA-U.S. BORDER |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421012111/http://www.lakeofthewoods.com/2008/12/29/drawing-the-line-the-canada-us-border/ |access-date=16 August 2023))</ref>

When the [[Treaty of Ghent]] was signed in 1814, it again tried to settle the boundary, this time by creating a commission that would settle on the northwestern point of the Lake of the Woods. The British had suggested setting the boundary to run west from Lake Superior to Lake Itasca, the headwaters of the Mississippi, but the Americans were unwilling to cede any land at that point. As part of the negotiations over that treaty, both parties agreed to revisit the boundary west from the Lake of the Woods.<ref name="Line"/> 

By the time [[Richard Rush]] became US Secretary of State in 1817, settlers were beginning to move to the lands west of the Lake of the Woods and both sides saw a need to settle the boundary west of the 1783 line. In the [[Anglo-American Convention of 1818]], the error regarding the Mississippi River was corrected by having the boundary continue due north or south (“as the case may be”) from the northwest point of the lake (which had still not been determined) to the [[49th parallel north|49th parallel]] and then due west along the parallel. 

To determine the northwesternmost point of the lake a survey team was sent in 1822, but they failed to come to an answer. Another survey team, led by David Thompson in 1824, mapped the lake and found four possibilities for the northwesternmost point, but did not conclusively declare one location.<ref name=Lass1980>((cite book |last1=Lass |first1=William |title=Minnesota's Boundary with Canada: Its Evolution Since 1783 |date=1980 |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press |isbn=0873511530 |pages=47, 48 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXAu-xA3y3gC&q=tiarks+northwestern+point+thompson&pg=PA72))</ref>
In 1825, a German astronomer in British service, Johann Ludwig Tiarks, surveyed the lake. Tiarks identified two possibilities for the northwesternmost point on the lake, based on Thompson's maps: the Angle Inlet and Rat Portage. To determine which point was the most northwestern, he drew a line from each point in the southwest–northeast direction. If the line intersected the lake at any point, it was not the most northwestern point. Tiarks determined that the only such line that did not intersect the lake was at the edge of a pond on the Angle Inlet.<ref name=Lass1980 /> A 1940 academic study documents this point as being in the vicinity of ((nowrap|((coord|49.39|-95.153)))) ([[NAD83]]).<ref>((cite book |last1=Boggs |first1=Samuel Whittemore |title=International boundaries: A study of boundary functions and problems |date=1940 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.36445/page/n70 48], 49 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.36445 |access-date=13 February 2019))</ref>

The [[Webster–Ashburton Treaty]] of 1842 reaffirmed this border and established the exact location of the northwesternmost point of the lake. The placement of the northwestern corner and shape of the lake meant that this north–south line cut off a section of U.S. territory to its east, now known as the Northwest Angle.

==Geography==
[[Image:022 NW Angle reporting booth at Jims Corner.jpg|right|thumb|Reporting booth at Jim's Corner. Upon entering the Northwest Angle by road, the traveler must enter the booth and report to U.S. Customs via videophone. Before leaving the Northwest Angle by road, one must report to Canadian customs from the same booth.]]
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], Angle Township has a total area of 596.3&nbsp;square miles (1,544.5&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) of which 123.09&nbsp;square miles (318.81&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) is land and 473.2&nbsp;square miles (1,225.7&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) (79.36%) is water. The land includes several islands, including [[Oak Island (Minnesota)|Oak Island]], and two small capes that are below (south of) the [[49th parallel north]] in the extreme southwest part of the township, one of which is known as [[Elm Point, Minnesota|Elm Point]], south of the southeast corner of [[Manitoba]], and not far from the northeast corner of [[Roseau County, Minnesota|Roseau County]]. Of the [[United States Census, 2000|2000 census]] population of 152, there were 118 living on the mainland, and 34 persons on the islands in [[Lake of the Woods]]. All of the populated islands are north of the 49th parallel.

The mainland portion of the township north of the 49th parallel has an area of ((convert|116.632|sqmi|km2)). The total land area of all islands is ((convert|6.303|sqmi|km2)), and the two capes total ((convert|100|acre|sqmi ha|2)). The township has the last [[one-room school|one-room public school]] in the state.

[[Elm Point, Minnesota|Elm Point]], in Lake of the Woods County, is a small cape southwest of the Northwest Angle. It borders Canada and is, together with a similar smaller cape to the west, separated by land from the continental United States.

===Access===
[[File:Welcome to the United States - You are entering the Northwest Angle, Minnesota (35505460693).jpg|right|thumb|Border crossing at the Angle]]
The Angle is accessible from the rest of Minnesota by one of two ways:
* The Angle can be reached without crossing the international border by crossing the [[Lake of the Woods]]. This can be done by boat when the lake is free of ice, by [[ice road]] in the winter or by flying over it in a plane. No automobile ferries currently operate on the lake, so vehicles coming from the rest of Minnesota cannot reach the Angle without crossing the border except in winter.  While the ice is forming in late autumn and breaking up in the spring, the lake's surface cannot be crossed safely((snd)) at these times domestic access to the Angle is possible only by air. In January 2021, local US interests opened a ((convert|22|mi|adj=on)) toll road across the ice, at a round-trip charge of US$120 to $145, because the Canadian border was closed by [[COVID-19 pandemic]] restrictions. It was again opened, and lengthened to ((convert|37|mi)) of road, in January 2022, and the toll set at $250.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.startribune.com/ice-highway-connecting-warroad-with-northwest-angle-is-back-for-second-year/600136968/|title=Ice highway connecting Warroad with Northwest Angle is back for second year|website=[[Star Tribune]]))</ref>
* To reach the Angle by land, travelers take [[Minnesota State Highway 313]] northbound ([[Warroad, Minnesota]], to [[Sprague, Manitoba]]) across the [[Warroad-Sprague Border Crossing]]<ref name="clui">((cite web |url=http://www.clui.org/section/united-divide-a-linear-portrait-usacanada-border-4 |title=Chapter 5: The 49th Parallel |website=United Divide: A Linear Portrait of the USA/Canada Border |publisher=[[The Center for Land Use Interpretation]] |date=Winter 2015))</ref> connecting to [[Manitoba Highway 12]] at the border, then to [[Manitoba Provincial Road 308|Provincial Road 308]], to [[Manitoba Provincial Road 525|Provincial Road 525]], then finally crossing back into the United States in the Northwest Angle south of [[Angle Inlet, Minnesota]] (Angle Inlet Township). The distance from Warroad or [[Roseau, Minnesota|Roseau]] to the Angle proper is approximately ((convert|63|mi)) through Minnesota and Manitoba back to the Angle's U.S. border. It is approximately ((convert|10|mi)) from the actual border (intersection of Manitoba 525 and NWA Road Dawson) to the rural developments of the Northwest Angle. The border crossing is unstaffed. Travelers using the single gravel road in and out of the Angle are expected to use a telephone at Jim's Corner,<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.clui.org/ludb/site/jims-corner |title=JIM'S CORNER, MINNESOTA |publisher=[[The Center for Land Use Interpretation]] |date=Winter 2020))</ref> Young's Bay Marina, or Carlson's Landing to contact [[Canada Border Services Agency|Canadian]] or [[U.S. Customs and Border Protection|U.S. Customs]] and make their declarations.

==Political issues==
Because of laws restricting fishing, some residents of the Northwest Angle suggested leaving the United States and joining Canada in 1997. The following year, then-U.S. representative [[Collin Peterson]] of Minnesota proposed legislation to allow the residents of the Northwest Angle, which was part of his district, to vote on seceding from the United States and joining Canada. This angered the leaders of [[Red Lake Indian Reservation]], which holds most of the Northwest Angle's land.<ref>((cite news |url=http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/199808/17_radila_angle-m/ |title=The Northwest Angle |publisher=Minnesota Public Radio |first=Amy |last=Radil |date=August 17, 1998))</ref><ref>((cite news |url=http://minnesota.publicradio.org/collections/special/2006/campaign/congress/peterson/ |title=Campaign 2006: U.S. Congress: 7th District: Collin Peterson |publisher=Minnesota Public Radio))</ref> The incident resulted in fishing regulations being better synchronized across these waters.<ref>((cite news |url=http://www.walrusmagazine.com/articles/2011.01-history-the-lost-canadians/ |title=The Lost Canadians |last=Stoddard |first=Grant |publisher=The Walrus |date=January–February 2011 |pages=24–31 |access-date=2013-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223154350/http://walrusmagazine.com/articles/2011.01-history-the-lost-canadians |archive-date=2012-12-23 |url-status=dead ))</ref>

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">((cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website))</ref> of 2010, there were 119 people, 66 households, and 37 families residing in the Angle. There were 404 housing units. The racial makeup of the township was 99.2% [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|White]] (118 out of 119). [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Native American]] or [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Alaska Native]] of any race were 0.8% of the population (that is, 1 person).

Out of the 66 households, 10.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.9% were non-families. 37.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.80, and the average family size was 2.32.

In the Angle the population is spread out, with 10.1% under the age of 18, 0.8% from 18 to 24, 10.1% from 25 to 44, 51.3% from 45 to 64, and 27.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 120.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 124.1 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $28,500, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $28,500 versus $21,250 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the township was $13,932. About 13.3% of families and 12.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including none of those under the age of 18 or 65 and older.

==Climate==

According to the [[Köppen climate classification]] system, the Northwest Angle has a Warm-summer, [[Humid continental climate]] (''Dfb''). ''Dfb'' climates are characterized by at least one month having an average mean temperature ≤ ((convert|32.0|°F|1)), at least four months with an average mean temperature ≥ ((convert|50.0|°F|1)), all months with an average mean temperature < ((convert|71.6|°F|1)) and no significant precipitation difference between seasons. Although most summer days are comfortably humid in the Northwest Angle, episodes of heat and high humidity can occur with [[heat index]] values > ((convert|90|°F|0)). The Northwest Angle weather station is one of the newer ones, as it only began keeping records in 1981, in contrast with nearby [[International Falls]] which has been keeping records for over a century. Since 1981, the highest air temperature was ((convert|96.8|°F|1)) on July 5, 1988, and the highest daily average mean [[dew point]] was ((convert|73.1|°F|1)) on 4 August 2001. Since 1981, the wettest calendar day was ((convert|4.11|in|mm|0)) on June 9, 2002. During the winter months, the average annual extreme minimum air temperature is ((convert|-38.0|°F|1)),<ref name="USDA">((cite web|url=https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/InteractiveMap.aspx|publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]]|access-date=October 7, 2019|title=USDA Interactive Plant Hardiness Map|archive-date=June 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618111217/https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/InteractiveMap.aspx|url-status=dead))</ref> putting it in hardiness zone 3a. Since 1981, the coldest air temperature was ((convert|-47.3|°F|1)) on February 2, 2002. Episodes of extreme cold and wind can occur with [[wind chill]] values under ((convert|-55|°F|0)). The average annual snowfall total (Sep–May) is between ((convert|48|in|cm|0)) and ((convert|54|in|cm|0)).

((Weather box	
| width = auto	
| single line = Y	
|location = Northwest Angle, Elevation ((convert|1096|ft|m|0|abbr=on)), 1981-2010 normals, extremes 1981-2018	
| Jan record high F  =	46.7
| Feb record high F  =	51.5
| Mar record high F  =	74.0
| Apr record high F  =	84.9
| May record high F  =	90.4
| Jun record high F  =	95.0
| Jul record high F  =	96.8
| Aug record high F  =	96.1
| Sep record high F  =	93.4
| Oct record high F  =	82.9
| Nov record high F  =	69.3
| Dec record high F  =	48.9
| year record high F =	96.8
| Jan high F  =   	13.4
| Feb high F  =   	20.4
| Mar high F  =   	32.5
| Apr high F  =   	48.5
| May high F  =   	62.5
| Jun high F  =   	70.9
| Jul high F  =   	76.3
| Aug high F  =   	74.5
| Sep high F  =   	64.4
| Oct high F  =   	49.8
| Nov high F  =   	32.6
| Dec high F  =   	18.0
| year high F =   	47.1
| Jan mean F  =   	3.4
| Feb mean F  =   	9.5
| Mar mean F  =   	22.0
| Apr mean F  =   	38.2
| May mean F  =   	51.8
| Jun mean F  =   	61.3
| Jul mean F  =   	65.9
| Aug mean F  =  	64.4
| Sep mean F  =   	54.7
| Oct mean F  =   	41.5
| Nov mean F  =   	25.5
| Dec mean F  =   	9.6
| year mean F =   	37.4
| Jan low F  =   	-6.5
| Feb low F  =   	-1.4
| Mar low F  =   	11.4
| Apr low F  =   	27.8
| May low F  =   	41.1
| Jun low F  =   	51.6
| Jul low F  =   	55.4
| Aug low F  =   	54.3
| Sep low F  =   	44.9
| Oct low F  =   	33.2
| Nov low F  =   	18.4
| Dec low F  =   	1.1
| year low F =   	27.7
| Jan record low F  =	-45.2
| Feb record low F  =	-47.3
| Mar record low F  =	-29.4
| Apr record low F  =	-2.7
| May record low F  =	20.4
| Jun record low F  =	32.1
| Jul record low F  =	36.7
| Aug record low F  =	32.8
| Sep record low F  =	24.5
| Oct record low F  =	4.8
| Nov record low F  =	-28.0
| Dec record low F  =	-35.9
| year record low F =	-47.3
| precipitation colour = green	
| Jan precipitation inch  =   	0.91
| Feb precipitation inch  =   	0.65
| Mar precipitation inch  =   	0.91
| Apr precipitation inch  =   	1.27
| May precipitation inch  =   	2.97
| Jun precipitation inch  =   	4.35
| Jul precipitation inch  =   	3.68
| Aug precipitation inch  =   	3.27
| Sep precipitation inch  =   	2.76
| Oct precipitation inch  =   	2.07
| Nov precipitation inch  =   	1.32
| Dec precipitation inch  =   	0.98
| year precipitation inch =   	25.14
| humidity colour = green	
| Jan humidity    =	83.0
| Feb humidity    =	80.5
| Mar humidity    =	73.1
| Apr humidity    =	61.4
| May humidity    =	62.0
| Jun humidity    =	70.4
| Jul humidity    =	74.6
| Aug humidity    =	75.3
| Sep humidity    =	77.2
| Oct humidity    =	76.9
| Nov humidity    =	85.3
| Dec humidity    =	87.7
| year humidity   =	75.6
| Jan dew point F =	-0.6
| Feb dew point F =	4.7
| Mar dew point F =	14.7
| Apr dew point F =	26.1
| May dew point F =	39.2
| Jun dew point F =	51.6
| Jul dew point F =	57.6
| Aug dew point F =	56.4
| Sep dew point F =	47.7
| Oct dew point F =	34.8
| Nov dew point F =	21.7
| Dec dew point F =	6.7
| year dew point F =	30.2
| source = PRISM<ref name=prism>((cite web |url=http://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/|title=PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University|access-date=October 7, 2019 ))</ref>))

==Ecology==
[[File:NWAngleStateForestMN.jpg|thumb|Most of the land area of the region is wooded, including the Northwest Angle State Forest.]]
According to the [[A. W. Kuchler]] U.S. [[potential natural vegetation]] types, the Northwest Angle would have a dominant vegetation type of Great Lakes [[Spruce]]/[[Fir]] (''93'') with a dominant vegetation form of Northern [[Conifer]] Forest (''22'').<ref name="Conservation Biology Institute">((cite web|url=https://databasin.org/datasets/1c7a301c8e6843f2b4fe63fdb3a9fe39|access-date= October 7, 2019|title=U.S. Potential Natural Vegetation, Original Kuchler Types, v2.0 (Spatially Adjusted to Correct Geometric Distortions)))</ref> The [[plant hardiness zone]] is 3a with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of ((convert|-38.0|°F|1)).<ref name="USDA" /> The spring bloom typically peaks in mid-May and fall color usually peaks in late September.

==Representation in other media==
* [[Ernie Pyle]] wrote several columns about the Northwest Angle and its residents, which were collected in ''[[Home Country (book)|Home Country]]'' (1947), published posthumously.
* The American writer [[Tim O'Brien (author)|Tim O'Brien]] set his bestselling novel ''[[In the Lake of the Woods]]'' (1994) in the Angle. His short story "On the Rainy River" is also set there.
* [[William Kent Krueger]]'s novel ''Northwest Angle'' (2011) is set in the area.
* The [[Danny Orlis series]] of books, a Christian fiction series for youth, were largely set in the Northwest Angle.

==See also==
((Portal|United States))
* [[Border irregularities of the United States]]
* [[Extreme points of the United States]]
* [[Height of Land Portage#History|Height of Land Portage]]
* [[Point Roberts, Washington]], another practical exclave

==References==
((Reflist))

==Further reading==
* Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/SkbuZfC06d8 Ghostarchive]((cbignore)) and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160808002037/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SkbuZfC06d8 Wayback Machine]((cbignore)): ((cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SkbuZfC06d8|title=America's small town in Canada |publisher=[[CBS Sunday Morning]]|date=2016-05-01))((cbignore))

==External links==
((commons category))
* [http://www.mnopedia.org/place/northwest-angle Northwest Angle] in [[MNopedia]], [[Minnesota Historical Society]]
* [http://www.yahooey.com/angleschool/ Angle Inlet School: Minnesota's last one-room school]
* [http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/199808/17_radila_angle-m/ "The Northwest Angle"] (radio programme transcript), [[Minnesota Public Radio]]
* [http://www.internationalboundarycommission.org/coordinates/SECT-L-83.txt Boundary Commission Coordinates], [[International Boundary Commission]]
* [http://www.tothenub.com/ "To the Nub"], website – An account of an RV trip to Northwest Angle from Washington, DC
* [http://www.cohp.org/extremes/Northwest_Angle_1.html Northwest Angle Trip Report] Visit to the extreme northernmost point of the Angle.
* ((cite web | url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17210 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001063139/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17210 | url-status=dead | archive-date=2006-10-01 | title=Northwest Angle, Minnesota | work=[[NASA Earth Observatory]] newsroom | access-date=2006-04-27))
((Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota))
((Minnesota))
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((Coord|49|16|N|95|3|W|type:landmark_scale:150000_region:US|display=title))

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[[Category:Canada–United States border]]
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[[Category:Separatism in the United States]]
[[Category:Exclaves in the United States]]
[[Category:Borders of Minnesota]]
[[Category:Borders of Ontario]]

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