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((Short description|Musical instrument played with air from the nose))
((More citations needed|date=July 2009))
((listen|pos=right|filename=Susato Nasenflöte.ogg|title=A melody by Susato, played on a plastic nose whistle.|description=A public domain recording.))
((Infobox instrument
| name                  = Nose flute
| image                 = Image:NoseFlute.jpg
| image_size            =
| alt                   =
| caption               =Fijian girl playing nose flute.
| background            =woodwind
| names                 =
| classification        =[[Woodwind]]
| hornbostel_sachs      =[[List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 421|421.111.12]]
| hornbostel_sachs_desc =The player creates a ribbon-shaped stream of air (in this case with nose) through a tube with fingerholes.
| inventors             =
| developed             =Unknown where flutes developed; Asia and Europe have bone flutes thousands of years old. Nose flutes spread in Polynesian and Pacific Rim countries and Africa.
| timbre                = 
| volume                = 
| attack                = 
| decay                 = 
| range                 =
| pitch                 = 
| related               = 
| musicians             =
| builders              =
| articles              =
))
((for|the instrument played using the nose and mouth cavity|nose whistle))
[[File:Flûte nasale MHNT ETH AC FI 47 Gaston de Roquemaurel.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fijian nose flute from 1838, [[MHNT]] collection]]

The '''nose flute''' is a [[musical instrument]] often played in [[Polynesia]] and the [[Pacific Rim]] countries. Other versions are found in Africa.

== Hawaii ==
In the North Pacific, in the [[Hawaiian islands]] the nose flute was a common courting instrument. In Hawaiian, it is variously called ''hano'', "nose flute",<ref>((harvnb|Pukui|Elbert|1986))</ref> by the more specific term ''ʻohe hano ihu'', "[[bamboo flute]] [for] nose," or ''ʻohe hanu ihu'', "bamboo [for] nose breath".<ref>Nona Beamer lectures((Full citation needed|date=April 2016))</ref>

It is made from a single bamboo section. According to ''Arts and Crafts of Hawai`i'' by Te Rangi Hiroa, old flutes in the [[Bishop Museum]] collection have a hole at the nose area for the breath, and two or three fingering holes. In the three-finger-hole specimen, one fingering hole is placed near the breath hole. Lengths range from ((convert|10|-|21|in)).

[[Oral tradition]] in various families states that numbers of fingering holes ranged from one to four, and location of the holes varied depending on the musical taste of the player. Though primarily a courting instrument played privately and for personal enjoyment, it also could be used in conjunction with chants, song, and [[hula]]. [[Kumu hula]] (dance masters), were said to be able to either make the flute sound as though it were chanting, or to chant as they played.<ref>((harvnb|Emerson|1965))</ref> Kumu hula Leilehua Yuen is one of the few contemporary Hawaiian musicians to perform with the nose flute in this manner.((Citation needed|date=April 2016))

== Africa ==
((expand section|date=August 2018))
In the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]], the nose flute is played by eight [[ethnic group]]s.<ref>''Grove's Dictionary of Musical Instruments'', 1984 edition.((Full citation needed|date=April 2016))</ref>

== Philippines ==
((Main|Kalaleng))
In the [[Philippines]], the nose flute (''pitung ilong'' in [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]), or the [[kalaleng]] of the northern [[Bontok people]] (''tongali'' among the [[Kalinga people]]), is played with the extreme forward edge of the right or left [[nostril]]. Because the kalaleng is long and has a narrow internal diameter, it is possible to play different harmonics through overblowing&mdash;even with the rather weak airflow from one nostril. Thus, this nose flute can play notes in a range of two and a half [[octaves]]. Finger holes in the side of the bamboo tube change the operating length, giving various [[Musical scale|scale]]s. Players plug the other nostril to increase the force of their breath through the flute.((Citation needed|date=April 2016))

==Taiwan==
[[File:09.16 「第四屆國家文化資產保存獎」頒獎典禮，由「排灣原音」表演節目開場 (36417324374).jpg|thumb|Bamboo nose flute played by [[Paiwan people]]]]
In Southern [[Taiwan]], [[Paiwan people]] play twin-pipes nose flute. They also play twin-pipes mouth flute.

== New Zealand ==
[[File:Nguru.jpg|thumb|Nguru from New Zealand]]
Historically in [[New Zealand]], the [[Māori people|Māori]] carved nguru from wood, the stem of a [[gourd]] and [[whale]]'s teeth. Nguru were often adorned with very elaborate carvings, befitting what is considered a sacred object. Although Nguru are commonly known as nose flutes, it is only the smaller instruments that can be played with the nose, more commonly Nguru are played with the mouth.

The Māori "kōauau ponga ihu", a [[gourd]] nose flute, was also part of the nose flute tradition; note that a similarly constructed gourd nose flute, ipu ho kio kio was also used in Hawaii. The maker would form a nose hole in the neck (or stem) of the gourd, by cutting off the neck at a fairly small cross-section. This small hole is placed under the player's nostril, in order to generate the flute-tone. The kōauau ponga ihu functions as an [[ocarina]] in its acoustic principles. Several notes of a scale can be obtained by drilling finger holes into the "bowl" of the gourd.

==Tonga==
A variation, the 'Fangufangu' nose flute of the island of [[Tonga]] is made with intact node walls at both ends of the bamboo tube, with the nostril holes on the side in front of the nodes (along with side finger holes) and a hole in the middle of the tube, acting as a vent hole, and taking the place of the open distal end. Thus the 'Fangufangu' can be played from either end, and the disposition of the fingerholes differ from node to vent hole so two alternating scales can be played, but only one scale at a time.

== See also ==
* [[Nose whistle]]

== Notes ==
((Reflist|2))

==Sources==
* ((Wikicite|ref=((harvid|Emerson|1965))|reference=Emerson. 1965. ((Full citation needed|date=April 2016)).))
* ((Wikicite|ref=((harvid|Pukui|Elbert|1986))|reference=Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Samuel H. Elbert. 1986. ((Full citation needed|date=April 2016))<!--Entry or page number neeed.--> ''Hawaiian Dictionary: Hawaiian-English, English-Hawaiian'', revised and enlarged edition. Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press. ((ISBN|9780824807030)).))

== External links ==
((Commons category|Nose flutes))
((Wiktionary|nose flute))
* [http://www.kaahelehawaii.com/pages/culture_ohehanoihu.html `Ohe Hano Ihu] page in Ka`ahele Hawai`i on traditional Hawaiian nose flute
* [http://www.rangapae.com/Breathe%20in%20page.htm Hawaiian nose flute] - 'Ohe hano ihu sound clip performed by Ranga Pae
* [http://whistlemuseum.com/2011/07/09/nose-flutes-nose-whistles-history-and-samples.aspx Samples at the whistle museum.]
* [http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/search?searchTerm=nguru&scope=all Māori Nguru] in the collection of the [[Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa]]
* [http://www.noseflute.org Noseflute.org] - Blog dedicated to modern nose flutes

((Flutes))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Nose Flute))
[[Category:Nose flutes| ]]
[[Category:Philippine musical instruments]]
[[Category:Central African Republic musical instruments]]
[[Category:Hawaiian musical instruments]]
[[Category:Māori musical instruments]]
[[Category:Polynesian musical instruments]]

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