A notorious market is a website or physical market where, according to the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR), large-scale intellectual property infringement takes place. Officially termed Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy, the USTR has generated a yearly list of such notorious markets since 2006 with input from various industry groups.

History

Since 2006,[1] the members of the International Intellectual Property Alliance in conjunction with the Office of the United States Trade Representative has annually filed a list of Notorious Markets[2] as a part of their Special 301 Report to the U.S. federal government. It lists virtual markets (websites) and physical markets outside of the US where large scale copyright infringement takes place and recommends trade sanctions for countries with weak copyright protection enforcement. Since 2010 the list is separately issued as a part of an out-of-cycle review between the main report submissions.[3]

Whilst the list of markets does not directly form national trade policy, the report says "[t]he United States encourages the responsible authorities to step up efforts to combat piracy and counterfeiting in these and similar markets."[‡ 1]

List creation process

The notorious market list is created following input from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and Motion Picture Association (MPAA), as well as other industry groups. The goal of the list is to encourage governments to take action against intellectual property violations, as well as encouraging markets to reform. Sites include torrenting websites such as The Pirate Bay, stream ripping sites, and sites for cheating in online games.[4]

List

Main article: List of notorious markets

Reports

MPAA submission RIAA submission Report Date published
2006 Special 301 Report[‡ 1] 2006
2007 Special 301 Report[‡ 2] 2007
2008 Special 301 Report[‡ 3] 2008
2009 Special 301 Report[‡ 4] April 2009
2010 Special 301 Report[‡ 5] April 2010
November 2010[5] November 2010[6] 2010 Out-of-Cycle Review[‡ 6] February 2011
October 2011[7] 2011 Out-of-Cycle Review[‡ 7][8] December 2011
September 2012[9] August 2012[10] 2012 Out-of-Cycle Review[‡ 8][11] December 2012
October 2013[12] September 2013[13] 2013 Out-of-Cycle Review[‡ 9][14] February 2014
October 2014[15] October 2014[16] 2014 Out-of-Cycle Review[‡ 10][17] March 2015
2015 Out-of-Cycle Review[‡ 11] December 2015
2016 Out-of-Cycle Review[‡ 12] December 2016
2017 Out-of-Cycle Review[‡ 13] January 2018
2018 Out-of-Cycle Review[‡ 14] April 2019
2019 Review of Notorious Markets[‡ 15] April 2020
2020 Review of Notorious Markets[‡ 16] January 2021
2021 Review of Notorious Markets[‡ 17] February 2022
2022 Review of Notorious Markets[‡ 18] January 2023
2023 Review of Notorious Markets[‡ 19] January 2024

See also

References

  1. ^ "USTR Announces Results of Special 301 Review of Notorious Markets". Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  2. ^ Ernesto (October 27, 2014). "MPAA Reports The Pirate Bay to The U.S. Government". Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  3. ^ "2014 Special 301 Out-of-Cycle Review of Notorious Markets: Request for Public Comments". Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  4. ^ Van der Sar, Ernesto (April 27, 2019). "US Govt Identifies Top Pirate Sites and Other 'Notorious Markets'". TorrentFreak. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  5. ^ enigmax (November 7, 2010). "MPAA Lists Major Torrent, Usenet and Hosting Sites In Submission To U.S. Government". Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  6. ^ "RIAA Reports Torrent Sites, RapidShare and RLSLOG to US Government". November 11, 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  7. ^ Ernesto (October 28, 2011). "MPAA Lists "Notorious" Pirate Sites To U.S. Government". Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  8. ^ "Out-of-Cycle Review of Notorious Markets".
  9. ^ "115644694 NOT Motion Picture Association of America Final". Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  10. ^ "RIAA: BitTorrent Sites and Cyberlockers Should Filter Proactively". November 14, 2012. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  11. ^ F, Sean. "US Official 'Notorious Markets' Piracy List Updated". Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  12. ^ Ernesto (October 26, 2013). "MPAA Reports Notorious Pirate Sites to U.S. Government".
  13. ^ "RIAA Written Submission Re: 2013 Special 301 Out-of-Cycle Review of NotoriousMarkets: Request for Public Comments". Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  14. ^ "Notorious Markets List Focuses Fight Against Global Piracy and Counterfeiting of American Products". Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  15. ^ "MPAA Reports The Pirate Bay to The U.S. Government". Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  16. ^ Ernesto (October 28, 2014). "RIAA: The Pirate Bay Assaults Fundamental Human Rights". Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  17. ^ Andy (March 6, 2015). "U.S. Government Lists Top Torrent Sites as Piracy Havens". Retrieved 6 March 2015.

Reports

In the text these references are preceded by a double dagger (‡):

  1. ^ a b "2006 Special 301 Report" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  2. ^ "2007 Special 301 Report" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  3. ^ "2008 Special 301 Report" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  4. ^ "2009 Special 301 Report" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. April 30, 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 10, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  5. ^ "2010 Special 301 Report" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. April 30, 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  6. ^ "2010 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. February 28, 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  7. ^ "2011 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. December 20, 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  8. ^ "2012 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. December 13, 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  9. ^ "2013 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. February 12, 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  10. ^ "2014 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. March 5, 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  11. ^ "2015 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. December 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  12. ^ "2016 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  13. ^ "2017 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. January 11, 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  14. ^ "2018 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. April 25, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  15. ^ "2019 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. April 29, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  16. ^ "2020 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  17. ^ "2021 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  18. ^ "2022 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  19. ^ "2023 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
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