British Foreign SecretaryArthur Balfour made the Balfour Declaration, proclaiming British support for the "establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people..., it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities".[9]
Third Battle of Gaza – British overran Ottoman trenches around the El Arish and Jafa Redoubts south of Gaza, while suffering 350 killed, 350 missing and over 2,000 wounded.[12][13]
Third Battle of Gaza – Ottoman defenders launched counterattacks to stem the British advance south and east of Gaza.[16]
Battle of Moon Sound – The Imperial German Navy succeeded in clearing the minefields around the Gulf of Riga in the Baltic Sea and ensuring Germany had full control of the West Estonian archipelago. The operation resulted in major casualties, including 156 dead, 60 wounded, and the loss of nine minesweepers and numerous smaller vessels. The Imperial German Army also sustained 54 dead and 141 wounded while taking control of the islands during Operation Albion. Russian casualties were smaller but significant numbers of men and equipment were captured, including 20,130 prisoners and 141 guns.[17]
Third Battle of Gaza – Continuous artillery barrages and low ammo forced the Ottoman command to consider a strategic withdraw from Gaza to Wadi el Hesi to the northeast.[24]
The second All-Russian Congress of Soviets, now dominated by the Bolsheviks, passed a resolution formally recognizing the right to overthrow the government. The center and right wing groups of the Congress protested what they felt was an illegal seizure of power and walked out before the resolution was passed. Leon Trotsky famously taunted them as they left: "Go where you belong from now on — into the dustbin of history!"[35]
Vladimir Lenin distributed a proclamation by telegram throughout Russia informing citizens of the overthrow of the government.[36]
Charge at Huj – Cavalry with the British 5th Mounted Brigade successfully captured several Ottoman rearguard defense positions from the Yildirim Army Group at Huj, Gaza, Palestine. The British inflicted more than 100 casualties and captured 70 prisoners and 15 guns, while suffering 26 killed and 40 wounded. The battle was considered the last major action of traditional British cavalry in modern warfare.[55]
Second Battle of Passchendaele – British and Canadian forces made further territorial gains around to strengthen their hold on the defensive ridge between the villages of Westrozebeke and Passchendaele in Belgium, ending the three-month long campaign. British casualties were heavy, with British Fifth Army sustaining 14,219, and Second Army suffering 29,454.[65] The Canadian Corps suffered major casualties, totaling 15,654 men killed or wounded since October 26 to November 10.[66] German casualties were reported to be 20,500 in late October and 9,500 casualties for the first half of November.[67]
October Revolution – The Executive Committee of Peasants Soviets circulated posters and newspaper articles critical of the Bolsheviks uprising, stating it "refuted with indignation all participation of the organised peasantry in this criminal violation of the will of the working class".[72]
The Russian daily newspaper Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti (Saint Petersburg News), the country's first newspaper ever to be published, was suddenly shut down. It would not be revived until 1991 when the daily former Soviet newspaper Leningradskaya Pravda adopted the name.[81]
A ceasefire was made in Kiev between Ukrainian and Bolshevik forces.[92]
Irish Cargo ship Ardmore was sunk by German submarine SM U-95 in St George's Channel, killing 19 of the crew on board. SM U-95 would later be rammed and sunk on 7 January 1918 [93]
The Parliament of Finland passed another "Sovereignty Act", dissolving Russian sovereignty over Finland and effectively declaring the country independent.[104]
Died:Adrien Bertrand, French novelist, best known for works including L'Appel du Sol and Le Verger de Cypris (b. 1888)
Monday, November 19, 1917
Battle of Caporetto – The 27-day battle ended with a new front along the Piave River. Casualties for the Italians were massive, including 10,000 killed, 30,000 wounded and 250,000 captured, compared to the total 70,000 casualties sustained by the Central Powers.[126] The Corpo Aeronautico Militare (Italian Military Aviation Corps) lost a great deal of equipment but reported shooting down 39 enemy aircraft in 70 air-to-air engagements during the battle.[127]
A British tank sits abandoned in a German trench at the Battle of Cambrai.
Battle of Cambrai – The British Third Army attempted to capture Cambrai, France, from the Germans using 437 Mark IV tanks from the Royal Tank Regiment backed by infantry and innovative artillery maneuvers. The British were able to capture the village of Flesquières but suffered c. 4,000 casualties and had 179 tanks either knocked out, broken down or abandoned, most of which were salvaged by the British after the battle.[135]
German Zeppelin airship L 59 set a new flight endurance record while attempting a supply run to German ground forces in German East Africa. It made a 6,757-kilometer (4,196-mile) journey from Yambol, Bulgaria into Africa to a point west of Khartoum before being recalled to Yambol. The total flight time was 95 hours 5 minutes at an average speed of 71 km/h (44 mph), with enough fuel aboard to have remained in the air for another 64 hours.[140]
Battle of Cambrai – The British 40th Division attacked Bourlon Ridge using 100 tanks and 430 guns but failed to capture the German defensive position and suffered another 4,000 casualties.[143]
German submarine SM U-48 was scuttled and abandoned after damaged by Royal Navy destroyer HMS Gipsy in the English Channel. The British vessel continued firing on the fleeing crew, killing 19. Another 17 were taken prisoner.[147]
First Battle of Monte Grappa – Austrian and German forces failed to capture Monte Grappa from the Italians, thus stabilizing the new Italian front. Casualties for the Central Powers totaled 21,000 while the Italians suffered 12,000 casualties.[158]
Battle of Cambrai – The British 62nd Division made one last push to take Bourlon Ridge using 30 tanks but were forced back by a German counterattack.[167]
All members of the suffragist group Silent Sentinels, including leader Alice Paul, were released from prison after reports of abuse were released through the news media. In March 1918, the DC Court of Appeals ruled all arrests, trials and punishments the women endured were unconstitutional.[169]
Battle of Cambrai – German forces counterattacked from the village of Bourlon along a 13 km (8 mi) line and nearly captured two British divisions.[184]
Swanson Bay, British Columbia recorded 88.01 inches (2,235.5 mm) of precipitation for the month of November, which remains the highest officially recorded for one calendar month in North America.[187]
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