The Praenestine fibula, a brooch dating to the early seventh century BC, inscribed with one of the oldest known inscriptions in Latin: Manios med fhe fhaked Numasioi, "Manius made me for Numerius".[1]

Numerius (/njuːˈmɛriəs/ new-MERR-ee-əs, Latin: [nʊˈmɛrɪ.ʊs]) is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, usually abbreviated N. The name was never especially common, but was used throughout the period of the Roman Republic, and into imperial times. The feminine form is Numeria.[2] The praenomen also gave rise to the patronymic gens Numeria.[3][4]

Although Numerius was occasionally used by patrician gentes, such as the Furii and the Valerii, the only patrician family to use the name regularly was the gens Fabia. Festus relates the story of how Numerius was introduced to the family after a survivor of the Battle of the Cremera married a daughter of Numerius Otacilius of Maleventum.[5][4][6] The name was used more widely amongst the plebeians and in the countryside, and was relatively common in southern Italy.[6] In Roman law, the name Numerius Negidius was used to refer to a hypothetical defendant.[7]

Origin and meaning

Numerius was generally connected with Numeria, the goddess of childbirth, and according to Varro was given to children who were born quickly and easily.[8] Elsewhere, Varro states that the feminine Numeria was not used as a praenomen, but this is contradicted by the Liber de Praenominibus, a short treatise on praenomina usually appended to Valerius Maximus.[9] As a praenomen, Numeria is attested in the funerary inscription of Numeria Atilia at Praeneste; other instances of the name in inscriptions probably represent gentilicia.[10][11][2]

Based in part on the story related by Festus, as well as various Oscan inscriptions and the popularity of the name in southern Italy, Chase describes Numerius as an Oscan praenomen.[6] However, the name was widely used in Latium, and in the archaic form Numasios it is found in a number of Old Latin inscriptions, including the famous Praenestine fibula, and it may well be an example of a praenomen that was shared by both Oscan and Latin.[12] Under the spelling Numesius, it also appears in one of the earliest Etruscan inscriptions, on a vase from Tarquinii dating to about 700 BC.[13]

References

  1. ^ Arnaldo Momigliano, "Society and Culture in Latium and at Rome", in Ogilvie & Drummond, Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 7, part 2, pp. 73, 74 (and fig. 23).
  2. ^ a b Kajava, Roman Female Praenomina, p. 49, 110 ff, 119.
  3. ^ Chase, p. 127.
  4. ^ a b Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, p. 1214 ("Numerius").
  5. ^ Festus, p. 171, ed. Müller.
  6. ^ a b c Chase, p. 138.
  7. ^ Robinson, The Sources of Roman Law, pp. 80, 89, 90.
  8. ^ Varro, Fragmenta, p. 319 (ed. Bipontina).
  9. ^ Varro, De Lingua Latina, ix. 55 (ed. Müller).
  10. ^ CIL I, 89; cf. CIL VIII, 16149, AE 1989, 411, CIL XII, 3259, CIL X, 2785, AE 1982, 483, CIL VI, 28818.
  11. ^ Chase, pp. 161, 178.
  12. ^ CIL I, 3.
  13. ^ Ogilvie & Drummond, Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 7, part 2, p. 12 (fig. 1).

Bibliography

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