Genus of amphibians
Nyctibatrachus is a genus of frogs endemic to the Western Ghats of southwestern India. Their common name is night frogs.[1][2] Their scientific name also means "night frog", in reference to their habits and dark color. They are the only extant members of the monotypic subfamily Nyctibatrachinae.[3] Currently, 35 species belong to Nyctibatrachus.[4]
Description
Members of the genus Nyctibatrachus are robust-bodied frogs that range in size from small (snout–vent length <13 mm in Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei)[5] to relatively large (up to 84 mm Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis). The especially small species are among the smallest of all Indian frogs.[4] They have a concealed tympanum, dorsum with longitudinal skin folds, femoral glands, and expanded finger and toes disks. They occur near streams in hilly evergreen forests[6] and are nocturnal.[7] Most species have amplexus but Nyctibatrachus humayuni does not; in this species the male moves over the eggs after the female has deposited them.[6]
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Nyctibatrachus:[1]
- Nyctibatrachus acanthodermis Biju et al., 2011[7] – spinular night frog
- Nyctibatrachus aliciae Inger, Shaffer, Koshy, and Bakde, 1984
- Nyctibatrachus anamallaiensis (Myers, 1942)
- Nyctibatrachus athirappillyensis Garg, 2017[5]
- Nyctibatrachus beddomii (Boulenger, 1882)
- Nyctibatrachus danieli Biju et al., 2011[7]
- Nyctibatrachus dattatreyaensis Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, and Bhatta, 2008
- Nyctibatrachus deccanensis Dubois, 1984
- Nyctibatrachus gavi Biju et al., 2011[7]
- Nyctibatrachus grandis Biju et al., 2011[7]
- Nyctibatrachus humayuni Bhaduri and Kripalani, 1955 – Bombay night frog
- Nyctibatrachus indraneili Biju et al., 2011[7]
- Nyctibatrachus jog Biju et al., 2011[7] – Jog night frog
- Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Manjunatha Reddy, and Gururaja, 2007[8]
- Nyctibatrachus kempholeyensis (Rao, 1937)
- Nyctibatrachus kumbara Gururaja, Dinesh, Priti, and Ravikanth, 2014
- Nyctibatrachus major Boulenger, 1882 – Malabar night frog
- Nyctibatrachus manalari Garg, 2017[5]
- Nyctibatrachus mewasinghi Krutha, Dahanukar, and Molur, 2017
- Nyctibatrachus minimus Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Giri, Roelants, Nagaraju, and Bossuyt, 2007
- Nyctibatrachus minor Inger, Shaffer, Koshy, and Bakde, 1984
- Nyctibatrachus petraeus Das and Kunte, 2005
- Nyctibatrachus pillaii Biju et al., 2011[7]
- Nyctibatrachus poocha Biju et al., 2011[7]
- Nyctibatrachus pulivijayani Garg, 2017[5]
- Nyctibatrachus radcliffei Garg, 2017[5]
- Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei Garg, 2017[5]
- Nyctibatrachus sabarimalai Garg, 2017[5]
- Nyctibatrachus sanctipalustris Rao, 1920
- Nyctibatrachus shiradi Biju et al., 2011[7]
- Nyctibatrachus sylvaticus Rao, 1937 – forest night frog
- Nyctibatrachus tunga Kumar, Vishwajith, Anish, Dayananda, Gururaja & Priti, 2022[9]
- Nyctibatrachus vasanthi Ravichandran, 1997
- Nyctibatrachus vrijeuni Biju et al., 2011[7] – VUB night frog
- Nyctibatrachus webilla Garg, 2017[5]
