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((for|the firearm|Remington Nylon 66))
((Chembox
|ImageFile = Nylon 6,6.png
|IUPACName = Poly[imino(1,6-dioxohexamethylene) iminohexamethylene]
|OtherNames = Poly(hexamethylene adipamide),Poly(''N'',''N''(('))-hexamethyleneadipinediamide), Maranyl, Ultramid, Zytel, Akromid, Durethan, Frianyl, Vydyne
|SystematicName = Poly(azanediyladipoylazanediylhexane-1,6-diyl)
|Section1 = ((Chembox Identifiers
|CASNo = 32131-17-2
|PubChem = 3032893
|ChemSpiderID = None))
|Section2 = ((Chembox Properties
|Formula = (C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>22</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub>
|Density = 1.140&nbsp;g/ml (Zytel)
|MeltingPt = ((cvt|264|°C))
))
))
'''Nylon 66''' (loosely written '''nylon 6-6''', '''nylon 6/6''', '''nylon 6,6''', or '''nylon 6:6''') is a type of [[polyamide]] or [[nylon]]. It, and [[nylon 6]], are the two most common for textile and plastic industries. Nylon 66 is made of two monomers each containing 6 carbon atoms, [[hexamethylenediamine]] and [[adipic acid]], which give nylon 66 its name.<ref>((cite encyclopedia | last = Palmer | first = Robert J. | title = Polyamides, Plastics | date = 2001 | contribution = Polyamides, Plastics | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Of Polymer Science and Technology | edition = 4th | publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | doi = 10.1002/0471440264.pst251| isbn = 0-471-44026-4))</ref> Aside from its superior physical characteristics, nylon 66 is attractive because its precursors are inexpensive.

== Synthesis and manufacturing ==
<div class="thumb tright" style="background:#f9f9f9; border:1px solid #ccc; leftmargin:0.5em;">
{| border="0" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="width:200px; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #ccc; margin:0.3em;"
|-
|[[File:1,6-diaminohexane-2D-skeletal.svg|200px]]
|}
{| border="0" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="width:200px; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #ccc; margin:0.3em;"
|[[File:Adipic acid.svg|200px]]
|}
<div style="border: none; width:200px;"><div class="thumbcaption">[[Hexamethylenediamine]] (top) and [[adipic acid]] (bottom), monomers used for [[polycondensation]] of Nylon 66.</div></div></div>

Nylon 66 is synthesized by [[polycondensation]] of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid. [[Equivalent (chemistry)|Equivalent]] amounts of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid are combined in water. In the original implementation, the resulting [[ammonium]]/[[carboxylate]] salt was isolated and then heated either in batches or continuously to induce polycondensation.<ref name="US 2130523">((cite patent |country=US |number=2130523 |status=patent |gdate=1938-09-20 |fdate=1935-01-02 |pridate=1935-01-02 |invent1 =Carothers W.H. |title=Linear polyamides and their production |assign1=EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co.))</ref><small><chem display="block">n(HOOC - (CH2)4 - COOH) + n(H2N - (CH2)6 - NH2) -> [-OC - (CH2)4 - CO - NH - (CH2)6 - NH - ]_n + (2n - 1)H2O</chem></small> Removing water drives the reaction toward polymerization through the formation of amide bonds from the acid and amine functions.  Alternatively, the polymerization is conducted on a concentrated aqueous mixture formed of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid.<ref>((cite book |doi=10.1002/14356007.a10_567.pub2|chapter=Fibers, 4. Polyamide Fibers |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |year=2011 |last1=Estes |first1=Leland L. |last2=Schweizer |first2=Michael |isbn=978-3-527-30673-2))</ref>

It can either be extruded and granulated at this point or directly spun into fibers by extrusion through a [[Spinneret (polymers)|spinneret]] (a small metal plate with fine holes) and cooling to form filaments.

== Applications ==
In 2011 worldwide production was two million tons. At that time, fibers consumed just over half of production and engineering resins the rest. It is not used in film applications as it cannot be biaxially oriented.<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=biaxially+oriented+film Biaxially oriented film]</ref> Fiber markets represented 55% of the 2010 demand with engineering thermoplastics being the remainder.<ref>((citation | url = http://pcinylon.com/index.php/markets-covered/polyamide-66 | title = PCI extract for PA66 | publisher = The PCI Group | access-date = 2019-01-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150518091148/http://pcinylon.com/index.php/markets-covered/polyamide-66 | archive-date = 2015-05-18 | url-status = dead))</ref>

Nylon 66 is frequently used when high mechanical strength, rigidity, good stability under heat and/or chemical resistance are required.<ref>((cite book | last1= Viers | first1= Brendt D. |title= Polymer Data Handbook |year=1999 | publisher= Oxford University Press, Inc | isbn= 978-0-19-510789-0 | page= 189))</ref> It is used in fibers for textiles and carpets and molded parts. For textiles, fibers are sold under various brands, for example [[Nilit]] brands or the [[Cordura]] brand for luggage, but it is also used in airbags, apparel, and for carpet fibres under the Ultron brand. Nylon 66 lends itself well to make 3D structural objects, mostly by [[injection molding]]. It has broad use in automotive applications; these include "under the hood" parts such as [[radiator]] end tanks, rocker covers, air intake manifolds, and oil pans,<ref>((citation | url = http://www.materialdatacenter.com/mb/main/pdf/application/16449 | title = Oil Pan, 35% glass reinforced 66 | format = PDF | publisher = M-Base Engineering + Software GmbH | date = 19 April 2015))</ref> as well as numerous other structural parts such as hinges,<ref>((citation | url = http://www.materialdatacenter.com/mb/main/pdf/application/13531 | title = Tailgate hinge 50% glass reinforced 66 | format = PDF | publisher = M-Base Engineering + Software GmbH | date = 18 April 2015))</ref> and ball bearing cages. Other applications include electro-insulating elements, pipes, profiles, various machine parts, [[zip tie]]s, conveyor belts, hoses, polymer-framed weapons, and the outer layer of [[Horse blanket|turnout blankets]].<ref>((cite web |title=PA66 PLASTIC RESIN |url=http://rdplas.com.vn/en/product/pa66-plastic-resin.html |website=rdplas.com.vn |publisher=RD Vietnam Industry Co., Ltd |access-date=2 November 2019))</ref> Nylon 66 is also a popular [[Guitar#Construction|guitar nut]] material.<ref>((cite web | url = http://www.mojotone.com/guitar-parts/Guitar-Nuts-Nylon/Nylon-Guitar-Nut-Blank-1-3-4-x-3-8-x-3-16#.VTKbwUsXKCY | title = Nylon Guitar Nut Blank (1-3/4" x 3/8" x 3/16") | publisher = Mojotone | access-date= 18 April 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150418223128/http://www.mojotone.com/guitar-parts/Guitar-Nuts-Nylon/Nylon-Guitar-Nut-Blank-1-3-4-x-3-8-x-3-16 | archive-date = 18 April 2015))</ref>

Nylon 66, especially [[Fiberglass|glass fiber reinforced]] grades, can be effectively fire retardant with halogen-free products. Phosphorus-based flame retardant systems are used in these [[fire-safe polymers]] and are based on [[aluminium diethyl phosphinate]] and synergists. They are designed to meet [[UL 94]] flammability tests as well as Glow Wire Ignition Tests (GWIT), Glow Wire Flammability Test (GWFI) and [[Comparative Tracking Index]] (CTI). Its main applications are in the electrical and electronics (E&E) industry.

== See also ==
* [[Nylon rope trick]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

[[Category:Polyamides]]
[[Category:Plastics]]
[[Category:Synthetic fibers]]

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