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((Use dmy dates|date=April 2015))
((Use British English|date=April 2015))
((More citations needed|date=March 2016))
((infobox UK place
|country                  = England
|static_image_name        = Royal Oak, Sparth Road, Clayton-le-Moors - geograph.org.uk - 658691.jpg
|static_image_caption     = The ''Royal Oak'' public house
|coordinates              = ((coord|53.779|-2.391|display=inline,title))
|official_name            = Oakenshaw
|population               =
|population_ref           = 
|shire_district           = [[Hyndburn (borough)|Hyndburn]]
|shire_county             = [[Lancashire]]
|region                   = North West England
|constituency_westminster = [[Hyndburn (UK Parliament constituency)|Hyndburn]]
|post_town                = ACCRINGTON
|postcode_district        = BB5
|postcode_area            = BB
|dial_code                = 01254
|os_grid_reference        = SD742315
|pushpin_map              = United Kingdom Borough of Hyndburn
|pushpin_map_caption      = Location in Hyndburn
))

'''Oakenshaw''' is part of [[Clayton-le-Moors]] in [[Lancashire]], England.

Thomas de Clayton was the first grantee of Oakenshaw in the middle of the 11th-century.<ref name=VCH>((citation |editor-last1=Farrer |editor-first1=William |editor-last2=Brownbill |editor-first2=John |title=The Victoria History of the County of Lancaster Vol 6 |publisher=[[Victoria County History]] - Constable & Co |year=1911 |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/lancs/vol6/pp417-423 |pages=417–423 |oclc=270761418 |accessdate=27 December 2017))</ref> A [[Calico]] printworks was established here (on [[Hyndburn Brook]]) by J Peel 
in the late 18th century.<ref>((cite PastScape|mnumber=44551 |mname=Monument No. 44551 |accessdate=27 December 2017))</ref>

==History==

The history of Oakenshaw is bound up with the [[Textile printing|cotton fabric printing industry]], specifically the Oakenshaw Print Works, which employed many residents of the village in the first half of the 19th century. The history of the [[Oakenshaw Print Works]] cannot be separated from the career of Oakenshaw's most notable resident, the dye and fabric chemist, [[John Mercer (scientist)|John Mercer]]. (He is remembered in the word [[mercerisation]], a process used in textile finishing.) Mercer moved to Oakenshaw in 1809 as an apprentice<ref>((cite book|last=Parnell|first=Edward A|title=The life and labours of John Mercer|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|date=1886|pages=13))</ref> at the Oakenshaw Print Works.

Napoleon's embargo of British trade with the continent of Europe caused a depression in the print works of Lancashire. After 1810, the [[Berlin Decree]], which forced the destruction of goods held in bond, stifled trade so much that the Oakenshaw Print Works reduced its work force.<ref>((cite book|last=Parnell|first=Edward A|title=The life and labours of John Mercer|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|date=1886|pages=14))</ref> In part, this was done by voluntary redundancy of apprentices, including Mercer.<ref>((cite book|last=Parnell|first=Edward A|title=The life and labours of John Mercer|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|date=1886|pages=14–15))</ref>

Messrs. Fort recognised the value that Mercer brought to the company and made him a partner in 1825 to secure his continued services.<ref>((cite book|last=Parnell|first=Edward A|title=The life and labours of John Mercer|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|date=1886|pages=14))</ref> The company prospered despite an excise duty on printed calico (until it was abolished in 1831).<ref>((cite book|last=Parnell|first=Edward A|title=The life and labours of John Mercer|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|date=1886|pages=40))</ref>

Mercer and his and his wife were active members of the [[Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)|Wesleyan society]].<ref>((cite book|last=Parnell|first=Edward A|title=The life and labours of John Mercer|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|date=1886|pages=163))</ref> He  established a Sunday school in the village about 1815.<ref>((cite book|last=Parnell|first=Edward A|title=The life and labours of John Mercer|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|date=1886|pages=19))</ref> In 1829, Wesleyan chapel was built at Oakenshaw. It was the only Protestant place of worship for many years.<ref>((cite book|last=Parnell|first=Edward A|title=The life and labours of John Mercer|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|date=1886|pages=163))</ref>

In 1837, Messrs. Fort thanked Mercer for his religious effort and granted the chapel property and burial-ground. In 1840, the Church of All Saints, Clayton-le-Moors was consecrated, a result of Mercer's sense of responsibility for providing facilities for public worship in the village.<ref>((cite book|last=Parnell|first=Edward A|title=The life and labours of John Mercer|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|date=1886|pages=164))</ref>

The company helped Mercer to form a lending library and a few years later built a house for a public reading room.<ref>((cite book|last=Parnell|first=Edward A|title=The life and labours of John Mercer|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|date=1886|pages=164))</ref>

Mercer introduced several novel styles of [[calico]] prints. Some of these were so popular in the [[Manchester]] market that the Oakenshaw Works couldn't keep up with demand.<ref>((cite book|last=Parnell|first=Edward A|title=The life and labours of John Mercer|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|date=1886|pages=29))</ref> Another style became known as "dole yellow" because its introduction provided employment to many workers who had previously been receiving relief ("dole") from the firm due to lack of work.<ref>((cite book|last=Parnell|first=Edward A|title=The life and labours of John Mercer|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|date=1886|pages=59))</ref> Mercer had a high opinion of Oakenshaw workers saying "as regards good practical men, no district could excel Lancashire".<ref>((cite book|last=Parnell|first=Edward A|title=The life and labours of John Mercer|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|date=1886|pages=242))</ref>

Nearing the middle of the century, competition grew from heavy production of cheaper goods rather than the quality product of the Oakenshaw Printworks. Consequently, in 1848 the principal partners decided to retire and the partnership was dissolved.<ref>((cite book|last=Parnell|first=Edward A|title=The life and labours of John Mercer|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|date=1886|pages=167))</ref>

==References==
((reflist))

((commons category))

((Borough of Hyndburn geography))

((authority control))

[[Category:Villages in Lancashire]]
[[Category:Geography of Hyndburn]]


((Lancashire-geo-stub))

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