Oliver Friggieri (27 March 1947 – 21 November 2020) was a Maltesepoet, novelist, literary critic, and philosopher. He led the establishment of literary history and criticism in Maltese while teaching at the University of Malta, studying the works of Dun Karm, Rużar Briffa, and others. A prolific writer himself, Friggieri explored new genres to advocate the Maltese language, writing the libretti for the first oratorio and the first cantata in Maltese. His work aimed to promote the Maltese cultural identity, while not shying from criticism: one of his most famous novels, Fil-Parlament Ma Jikbrux Fjuri (No Flowers Grow in Parliament, 1986), attacked the tribalistic divisions of society caused by politics. From philosophy, he was mostly interested in epistemology and existentialism.[1]: Vol. 1, p. 184 [2][3]
After graduating in 1968, Friggeri taught Maltese and Philosophy in secondary schools. In 1976, he moved to the University of Malta; he was promoted from Assistant Lecturer to Lecturer in 1978, and from Lecturer to associate professor in 1988. That same year, he was chosen to be the Chair of the Department of Maltese language, a position which he held until 2002. He was made a professor in 1990.[8]
Friggieri was an advocate of Maltese language and literature in newly independent Malta.[8] He co-founded Malta's Literary Revival Movement (Moviment Qawmien Letterarju) in 1967;[6] he was part of the editorial board (1969–73) of Il-Polz, the movement's periodical,[7] later becoming the editor (1974-1975).[9] He also co-founded the popular children's literary and cultural magazine Is-Sagħtar (1971).[6] In 1971, Friggieri and Paul Mizzi established a publishing house, Klabb Kotba Maltin (Maltese Book Club), which facilitated the publishing of books in Maltese.[7] He became the editor of the Journal of Maltese Studies in 1980.[7] He was also a member of the Association Internationale des Critiques Litteraires of Paris, France.[6]
Friggieri published in various genres. As his primary focus was Maltese literature, most of his publications were not of a directly philosophical nature; they included dictionaries of literature, oratorios, cantatas, literary criticism, literary biographies, and anthologies of his own poetry. He wrote the libretti for the first Maltese-language oratorio (Pawlu ta’ Malta, 1989), and cantata (L-Għanja ta’ Malta, 1989);[7] both works were scored by Charles Camilleri.[10] Friggieri also wrote literary analyses of the works of Mikiel Anton Vassalli[11] and Peter Caxaro.[12] His works have been translated into 16 languages, including English, French, German, Italian and Greek.[13]
Friggieri supported the Maltese-language press, publishing articles in L-Orizzont and In-Nazzjon.[6] Besides contributing to these and other local periodicals, Friggieri wrote novels and short stories. Many of these works are of special interest to philosophy, featuring pathos and philosophical reflections.[14] His fiction and poetry were influenced by existentialism.[4][15] His 1986 novel Fil-Parlament Ma Jikbrux Fjuri was highly controversial when published due to its unvarnished portrayal of political tribalism in Malta. He also penned a tribute to Karin Grech and Raymond Caruana, casualties of Maltese political violence in the 1980s.[4]
Friggieri was part of the committee that translated EU legal texts into Maltese.[16] In 2008, Friggieri published an autobiography, Fjuri li ma Jinxfux (Flowers Which Never Wither), spanning the years 1955–1990.[17] In addition to his own writings, he translated works from English, Italian, and Latin into Maltese.[14]
Friggieri received the Ġieħ l-Akkademja tal-Malti gold medal in 2016 and won Malta's National Book Prize several times. Prime Minister Joseph Muscat appointed him as Chair of the Foundation for National Festivities in 2013.[18][4]
In popular culture
A bus shelter in Malta with text from Friggieri's poem "Jekk"
Verses from Friggieri's poem "Jekk" ("If") can be found printed on some bus shelters around Malta. This led to the poem being known as "the bus stop poem" by the general public.[19][20]
In 2018, the Maltese band The Travellers released the song "Ilkoll Flimkien". The lyrics of this song contain excerpts of the poem "Jekk".[21]
Personal life
Oliver Friggieri's coffin was at the Floriana Parish Church, before the state funeral mass in Mdina
In December 2020, PNFlorianaMinority Leader James Aaron Ellul announced that part of Triq l-Argotti will be named after the late Maltese poet, writer and lecturer Oliver Friggieri. The proposal was put forward by Ellul within the Local Council, in November 2020.[24][25][26][27]
A monument in his honour will be erected in his hometown of Floriana. The design of the monument is by the Maltese artist John Grima.[28]
Honours
Malta: Government Literary Award (1988, 1996, 1997)[29]
^ abcdefghijklmnopFriggieri, Oliver (1983). "Self portrait : Oliver Friggieri". Civilization: An Encyclopedia on Maltese Civilization, History and Contemporary Arts. 10. Gulf Publishing Ltd.: 276–280 – via OAR@UM.
