Town in the Republic of Karelia, Russia
Town in Republic of Karelia, Russia
Olonets (Russian: Оло́нец; Karelian: Anus, Livvi: Anuksenlinnu; Finnish: Aunus, Aunuksenkaupunki or Aunuksenlinna) is a town and the administrative center of Olonetsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located on the Olonka River to the east of Lake Ladoga.
Geography
Olonets is located at the confluence of the Olonka and Megrega rivers, on the Olonets Plain, 140 km southwest of Petrozavodsk, 269 km northeast of St. Petersburg along the 
R 21 highway («Kola» highway).
History
Olonets is the oldest documented settlement in Karelia, mentioned by Novgorodian sources as early as 1137.[citation needed] Its history is obscure until 1649, when a fortress was built there to protect the Grand Duchy of Moscow against the Swedes. The same year it was granted town privileges.[citation needed] Until the Great Northern War, Olonets developed as a principal market for Russian trade with Sweden. To the south from the town, there sprawled a belt of fortified abbeys, of which the Alexander-Svirsky Monastery was the most important.
In the 18th century, Olonets' importance shifted from trade to ironworking industries. In 1773, it was made the seat of Olonets Governorate. Eleven years later, however, the seat was moved to Petrozavodsk and Olonets started to decline.
Modern Olonets is classified as a historical town of the Republic of Karelia and is the only town in the republic where Karelians are in majority (over 60% as of 2005[update]).
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Olonets serves as the administrative center of Olonetsky District, under which it is directly subordinated.[1] As a municipal division, the town of Olonets, together with eight rural localities, is incorporated within Olonetsky Municipal District as Olonetskoye Urban Settlement.[4]
Education
Olonetskaya district station of young naturalists. It was opened on December 17, 1971.[8]
Music, sports and art schools of the city.
Center for Additional Education. It was opened in 1951 as the House of Creativity of children and youth, later - the House of Children's Creativity.[8]
2 secondary schools, six buildings of local preschool institutions.
Olonets branch of Sortavala College (previously the branch was an independent educational institution under the names: PU-2 (in the period from 1962 to 2014), Olonets Technical School - from 2014 to February 2019 before reorganization).
Attractions
The city has preserved the layout of the XVIII century.
- Mass graves of Soviet soldiers at the civil cemetery of Olonets, who died during the Great Patriotic War.[9][10] 449 Soviet soldiers were buried in mass graves.[11]
- The mass grave of Soviet soldiers and civilians shot by the Belofin invaders during the occupation of Olonets in 1919.[12]
- Monument to Soviet military pilots — participants of the Svir-Petrozavodsk operation (1944).[13] The monument (the wing of a combat aircraft) was installed in 1974 on Karl Marx Street.[11]
- Monument to the heroes of the Olonets underground.[14]
- The monument to the Soviet soldiers-liberators[15] was installed on the street of Svir Divisions in 1969 (76-mm divisional cannon).[11]
- Merchant Kuttuev's house.[16]
- Church of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God (1828).
- The Church of the Holy Cross of the Church of Ingria (see the Church of Ingria).
- In the courtyard of one of the houses there are Soviet sculptures of a lion, a woman and a boy.
Demographics
Population
Historical population| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|
| 1856 | 1,200 | — |
|---|
| 1897 | 1,200 | +0.0% |
|---|
| 1913 | 2,000 | +66.7% |
|---|
| 1939 | 2,668 | +33.4% |
|---|
| 1959 | 5,009 | +87.7% |
|---|
| 1970 | 7,756 | +54.8% |
|---|
| 1979 | 10,404 | +34.1% |
|---|
| 1989 | 11,888 | +14.3% |
|---|
| 1992 | 12,100 | +1.8% |
|---|
| 1996 | 11,800 | −2.5% |
|---|
| 1998 | 11,600 | −1.7% |
|---|
| 2002 | 10,240 | −11.7% |
|---|
| 2003 | 10,200 | −0.4% |
|---|
| 2005 | 9,800 | −3.9% |
|---|
| 2006 | 9,600 | −2.0% |
|---|
| 2007 | 9,500 | −1.0% |
|---|
| 2009 | 9,217 | −3.0% |
|---|
| 2010 | 9,056 | −1.7% |
|---|
| 2011 | 9,100 | +0.5% |
|---|
| 2012 | 8,818 | −3.1% |
|---|
| 2013 | 8,645 | −2.0% |
|---|
| 2014 | 8,402 | −2.8% |
|---|
| 2015 | 8,249 | −1.8% |
|---|
| 2016 | 8,162 | −1.1% |
|---|
| 2017 | 8,130 | −0.4% |
|---|
| 2018 | 8,091 | −0.5% |
|---|
| 2019 | 8,070 | −0.3% |
|---|
| 2020 | 8,026 | −0.5% |
|---|
| 2021 | 7,663 | −4.5% |
|---|
| 2023 | 7,631 | −0.4% |
|---|
| Source: Census data |
Population: 7,663 (2021 Census);[18] 9,056 (2010 Census);[2] 10,240 (2002 Census);[19] 11,888 (1989 Census).[20]
Ethnicity
Olonets is the only city on the territory of Karelia where Karelians make up the majority of the population, in addition, the Olonets district is a place of compact residence of Karelian Livviks and the most populated Karelian district of the Republic of Karelia.
Besides Karelians, Olonets is home to such traditional Karelian peoples as Finns, Russians, as well as Belarusians, Ukrainians, Poles and Lithuanians. And if Russians have lived on this land since ancient times, then the rest of the above-mentioned peoples moved to Karelia and in particular to the Olonets district relatively recently. In relation to the Belarusian and Ukrainian population, this is primarily due to the post-war resettlement from the destroyed villages of Belarus and Ukraine, Karelia was a place of exile for Poles and Lithuanians. As for the Finns, a large number of them moved to Karelia in the 50s of the XX century, since at that time Finnish was the second official language on the territory of the republic.
There is a small community of Chechens in Olonets and Olonets district, which is not typical for this region and the republic as a whole. According to the 2002 census, 53 representatives of this nationality live here. In this regard, a number of ethnic conflicts have arisen in the area.[21][22]
| Ethnicity
|
Population
|
Percentage
|
| Karelians
|
5827
|
58%
|
| Russians
|
3720
|
37%
|
| Belarusians
|
211
|
2%
|
| Ukrainians
|
157
|
1,5%
|
| Finns
|
126
|
1,3%
|
Telecommunications
Cellular communication
Cellular communication services according to the LTE standard are provided by the operators «MTS», «Megafon», «Tele2», «Beeline», «Rostelecom», and «Yota».
Wired telephone connection
The wired telephone connection in the city is provided by «Rostelecom» PJSC and «Svirtelekom» LLC.
Internet connection
High-speed wired Internet connection is provided by the operators «Svirtelekom», «Rostelecom».
Television
Digital terrestrial (DVB-T2 standard), satellite, cable TV broadcasting is available in the city.
[6])
