You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 52.91.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪JJMC89‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 05:26, 2 September 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 04:57, 27 November 2021
- Expiry of block: 04:57, 27 November 2024
Your current IP address is 52.91.194.66. The blocked range is 52.91.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Copyright piracy which occurs online))
((Use mdy dates|date=January 2024))
((Use American English|date=January 2024))
((Lead extra info|date=April 2024))
[[File:Qbittorrent-Interface-4.2.1.png|thumb|upright=1.35|alt=An image of a qbittorrent interface; a popular torrenting program due to its free and open-sourced design.|[[qBittorrent]] is one of the most widely used torrenting programs due to its [[Free software|free]] and [[Open-source software|open-sourced]] nature.]]
'''Online piracy''' or '''software piracy''' is the practice of [[download]]ing and distributing [[copyrighted]] works digitally without permission, such as [[music]] or [[software]].<ref name=":03">((Cite journal|last1=Choi|first1=David Y.|last2=Perez|first2=Arturo|date=April 2007|title=Online piracy, innovation, and legitimate business models|journal=Technovation|volume=27|issue=4|pages=168–178|doi=10.1016/j.technovation.2006.09.004|issn=0166-4972))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/63907/internet-piracy|title=Definition of: Internet piracy|website=[[PC Magazine]] Encyclopedia|access-date=26 October 2018))</ref> The principle behind [[piracy]] has predated the creation of the [[Internet]], but its online popularity arose alongside the internet.((Not verified in body |date=April 2024)) Despite its explicit [[illegality]] in many [[Developed country|developed countries]], online piracy is still widely practiced, due to both the ease with which it can be done, the often defensible [[ethics]] behind it, and access to files that would normally cost money. Some of the most pirated software includes [[Adobe Inc.|Adobe]] software and [[Microsoft Office]].((Not verified in body |date=April 2024))

==History==
One of the earliest recorded acts of unauthorized copying was when fourteen-year-old [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] visited the [[Sistine Chapel]] around 1771 and heard [[Gregorio Allegri]]'s ''[[Miserere (Allegri)|Miserere]]'' being performed.<ref name=":1">((Cite journal|last1=Roche|first1=Jerome|last2=Allegri|last3=Scholars|first3=Tallis|last4=Phillips|last5=Palestrina|last6=Mundy|date=June 1981|title=Miserere|journal=The Musical Times|volume=122|issue=1660|pages=412|doi=10.2307/961024|jstor=961024|issn=0027-4666))</ref> The piece's sheet-music was only authorized to be owned by three people: [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]], [[John V of Portugal]],<ref>((Cite encyclopedia|last=Stevenson|first=Robert|entry=Barbosa Machado, Diogo|year=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|encyclopedia=Oxford Music Online|doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.02018))</ref> and [[Giovanni Battista Martini]].<ref>((Cite book|last=Grove, George, 1820-1900.|title=Grove's dictionary of music and musicians.|date=1954|publisher=Macmillan|oclc=36817387))</ref> After having heard it for the first time, Mozart went back to his hotel and transcribed the entire piece from memory, coming back again two days later to proofread the transcription against the performance.<ref name=":1" /> In the months following his transcription's publication, Mozart's fame for the act had grown to such an extent that [[Pope Clement XIV]] summoned him to [[Rome]] in order to grant him [[Order of the Golden Spur|papal knighthood]].<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/vatican-archive-to-display-mozart-honour-q8q0vkwl86x|title=Vatican archive to display Mozart honour|newspaper=[[The Times]]|access-date=2020-01-30|language=en|issn=0140-0460))</ref>

Nathan Fisk traces the origins of modern online piracy back to similar problems posed by the advent of the [[printing press]]. Quoting from legal standards in ''[[MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.]]'', he notes that there have historically been a number of technologies which have had a "dual effect" of facilitating legitimate sharing of information, but which also facilitate the ease with which [[Copyright infringement|copyright can be violated]]. He likens online piracy to issues faced in the early 20th century by [[Stationery|stationers]] in England, who tried and failed to prevent the large scale printing and distribution of illicit [[sheet music]].<ref name="Fisk20092">((cite book|last=Fisk|first=Nathan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZJxDwAAQBAJ|title=Understanding Online Piracy: The Truth about Illegal File Sharing: The Truth about Illegal File Sharing|date=8 June 2009|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|isbn=978-0-313-35474-8))</ref>((rp|9–10))

Starting in the 1980s, the availability of [[Modem|dial-up modem]]s led to the creation of the first [[warez]] distribution groups.<ref>((Cite journal |last1=Choi |first1=David Y. |last2=Perez |first2=Arturo |date=2007-04-01 |title=Online piracy, innovation, and legitimate business models |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166497206001040 |url-status=live |journal=Technovation |language=en |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=168–178 |doi=10.1016/j.technovation.2006.09.004 |issn=0166-4972 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120174304/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166497206001040 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |access-date=August 2, 2022))</ref><ref>((Cite journal |last=Nikkel |first=Bruce |title=History of Hacking, Part 2: Dial-up Modems |url=https://www.digitalforensics.ch/nikkel20c.pdf |journal=[[HISTEC]] |language=en |publication-place=[[Switzerland]] |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211105351/https://www.digitalforensics.ch/nikkel20c.pdf |archive-date=February 11, 2022 |access-date=August 2, 2022 |via=[[Enter Museum]]))</ref> [[Internet Relay Chat]] featured file servers and [[XDCC]] prior to numerous methods and still continue to be used.

The release of [[Napster]] in 1999 caused a rapid upsurge in online [[Music piracy|piracy of music]], films and television, though it always maintained a focus on music in the [[MP3]] format.<ref name="ConsumerGift2">((cite journal|last1=Giesler|first1=Markus|date=1 September 2006|title=Consumer Gift Systems|journal=Journal of Consumer Research|volume=33|issue=2|pages=283–290|doi=10.1086/506309|s2cid=144952559 ))</ref><ref name="NapsterNightmare2">((cite news|last=Fusco|first=Patricia|url=http://www.isp-planet.com/politics/napster.html|title=The Napster Nightmare|date=March 13, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019152028/http://www.isp-planet.com/politics/napster.html|archive-date=2011-10-19|publisher=ISP-Planet))</ref> It allowed users to share content via [[Peer-to-peer file sharing|peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing]] and was one of the first mainstream uses of this distribution methods as it made it easy for regular users to get free music. Napster's popular use would only be short lived, as on July 27, 2000, it was ordered to be shut down by a federal judge; it was officially shut down July 11, 2001 in order to comply with the order and the case was officially settled on September 24, 2001.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=119627&page=1|title=Napster Shut Down|website=ABC News|language=en|access-date=2020-01-30))</ref>

Although it was short-lived, Napster's reign allowed its users to dive into the grey area of content piracy. Following its shutdown, many other popular P2P file sharing programs arose: the creation and usage of [[LimeWire|Limewire]] quickly followed suit. Learning from the mistakes of Napster, Limewire decentralized their servers by implementing the [[Gnutella]] network.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://computer.howstuffworks.com/limewire.htm|title=How LimeWire Works|date=2008-01-25|website=HowStuffWorks|language=en|access-date=2020-01-30))</ref> The success of the BitTorrent [[communication protocol]] led to the rise of many other popular programs that are still widely used today including [[μTorrent]], [[Transmission (BitTorrent client)|Transmission]], [[Deluge (software)|Deluge]], [[qBittorrent]], and [[Tixati]].
Digital piracy as a continuing problem significantly impacts various stakeholders, including consumers, enterprises, and countries. This global problem can impact media- and content-oriented industries.<ref>Kos Koklic, M., Kukar-Kinney, M. & Vida, I. Three-Level Mechanism of Consumer Digital Piracy: Development and Cross-Cultural Validation. J Bus Ethics 134, 15–27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2075-1</ref>

==Scope==
The economic loss caused by digital piracy before the year 2000 is estimated to be worth $265B and in 2004 it was found that 4% of box office receipts were lost. Both piracy and economic losses due to piracy are trending upwards. Lost revenues due to digital piracy could reach $5 billion by the end of 2005.<ref name=":03"/><ref>Al-Rafee, S., Cronan, T.P. Digital Piracy: Factors that Influence Attitude Toward Behavior. J Bus Ethics 63, 237–259 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-1902-9</ref> Understanding digital privacy can be supplemented by the exploration of the consequences of digital piracy, using a base model and several extensions (with consumer sampling, network effects, and indirect appropriation).<ref>Belleflamme, Paul and Peitz, Martin, Digital Piracy: Theory (October 27, 2010). CESifo Working Paper Series No. 3222. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1698618</ref> According to the IP Commission Report the annual cost of intellectual property theft to the U.S. economy "continues to exceed $225 billion in counterfeit goods, pirated software, and theft of trade secrets and could be as high as $600 billion."<ref>((cite web |title=IP Commission Report |url=https://www.nbr.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/publications/IP_Commission_Report_Update.pdf |website=NBR.org |access-date=1 September 2021))</ref>
	
A 2019 study sponsored by the [[U.S. Chamber of Commerce]] Global Innovation Policy Center (GIPC), in partnership with NERA Economic Consulting "estimates that global online piracy costs the U.S. economy at least $29.2 billion in lost revenue each year."<ref>((cite web |title=Impacts of Digital Piracy on the U.S. Economy |url=https://www.theglobalipcenter.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Digital-Video-Piracy.pdf |website=GlobalInnovationPolicyCenter.com |access-date=2 September 2021))</ref> An August 2021 report by the [[Digital Citizens Alliance]] states that "online criminals who offer stolen movies, TV shows, games, and live events through websites and apps are reaping $1.34 billion in annual advertising revenues." The DCA claims that they consist of "risky advertising that exposes consumers to fraud and malware."<ref>((cite web |title=Advertising Fuels $1.34 Billion Illegal Piracy Market, Report by Digital Citizens Alliance and White Bullet Finds |url=https://www.digitalcitizensalliance.org/news/press-releases-2021/advertising-fuels-1.34-billion-illegal-piracy-market-report-by-digital-citizens-alliance-and-white-bullet-finds/ |website=Digital Citizens Alliance |access-date=2 September 2021))</ref>

The groups and individuals who operate piracy websites potentially earn millions of dollars from their efforts. This revenue can come from a number of sources, such as advertising, subscriptions, and the sale of content.<ref>((Cite journal|last=McCOYD|first=Ed|date=January 2012|title=Online piracy of publishers' content: a primer|journal=Learned Publishing|volume=25|issue=1|pages=21–28|doi=10.1087/20120104|s2cid=2912597|issn=0953-1513|doi-access=))</ref> Piracy behavior demonstrated that economic theory explains a notable part of the individual variation in a survey study. Individuals with a low net valuation of an original when a copy is available are more prone to engage in piracy than individuals with a higher valuation. Individuals with a low cost of obtaining and handling copies are also more engaged in piracy. The country-wise variation can also be explained by economic variables; GNI/capita and judicial efficiency explain a substantial part of this variation.<ref>Holm, H. J. (2003). Can economic theory explain piracy behavior?, The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 3(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0653.1082</ref>
While these sites are occasionally shut down, they are often quickly replaced, and may move through successive national legal jurisdictions to avoid law enforcement. These efforts at detection and enforcement are further complicated by the often prohibitive amount of time, resources and personnel required.<ref name="Scott20162">((cite book|last=Scott|first=Gini Graham|url=https://archive.org/details/internetbookpira0000scot|url-access=registration|title=Internet Book Piracy: The Fight to Protect Authors, Publishers, and Our Culture|date=22 March 2016|publisher=Allworth Press|isbn=978-1-62153-495-2))</ref>

Some jurisdictions, such as [[Thailand]] and [[Malaysia]], have no legislation in place to address online piracy, and others, such as the [[Philippines]] and [[Vietnam]], have oversight regimes in place that have proven largely ineffective.<ref name="Ballano20152">((cite book|last=Ballano|first=Vivencio O.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0oxNCwAAQBAJ|title=Sociological Perspectives on Media Piracy in the Philippines and Vietnam|date=26 December 2015|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-981-287-922-6))</ref>((rp|62–5))

==Implications==
Online piracy has led to improvements into file sharing technology that has bettered information distribution as a whole. Additionally, pirating communities tend to model market trends well, as members of those communities tend to be early adopters. Piracy can also lead to businesses developing new models that better account for the current market.<ref name=":03"/> It has been argued that online piracy may help in preventing businesses from investing in unnecessary marketing campaigns. In addition to helping screen businesses, research proposes that some organizations may be better off servicing only their most valued and legitimate customers, or those who buy legitimate copies of their products. Because pirated copies of software are expected to attract customers who are sensitive to price, it may not be to businesses' best interest to engage in extraneous price wars with their competitors or invest heavily in anti-piracy campaigns to win target customers.<ref>Haruvy, E., Mahajan, V. and Prasad, A. (2004), “The effect of piracy on the market penetration of subscription software”, Journal of Business, Vol. 77 No. 2, pp. 81–107.</ref>

Despite the discourse on the digital threat of piracy, it has been shown that innovation and the creation of new works is flourishing more than ever on the Internet.<ref name=":2">Frosio, G. F. (2016). Digital piracy debunked: a short note on digital threats and intermediary liability. Internet Policy Review, 5(1). [[doi:10.14763/2016.1.400]]</ref> Piracy has also benefitted users in countries where content is either unavailable or delayed. In the case of [[ABC Studios|ABC's]] ''[[Lost (2004 TV series)|Lost]]'', the fear of its last episode being pirated in European and Middle Eastern countries pushed the network to accelerate the episode's distribution to those countries, resulting in the episode being available in those countries 24–48 hours after the original American broadcast.<ref name=":2" />

==Ethics==
In many countries the laws on copyright are clear and penalties are heavy. The prevalence of piracy in face of these potential penalties is due to the fact that individuals do not see piracy as inappropriate, let alone illegal, instead viewing it as ethically acceptable due to the core execution of piracy being that it creates a copy of the file; thus nothing tangible is being taken away from the inventor of the work.<ref name=":2" /><ref>((cite journal|author1=M. Limayem|author2=M. Khalifa|author3=W. W. Chin|title=Factors motivating software piracy: a longitudinal study|journal=IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management|volume=51|issue=4|pages=414–425|date=Nov 2004|doi=10.1109/TEM.2004.835087|s2cid=12666182 ))</ref> Additionally, despite the massive realm of copying and sharing digital content, consumers who pirate are more willing to pay for legal content when the content is consumer-friendly.<ref>((cite conference|author1=P. D. M. Fetscherin|author2=P. D. C. Lattemann|title=Motives and Willingness to Pay for Digital Music|conference=Third International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-Channel Distribution (AXMEDIS'07)|location=Barcelona|date=Nov 2007|pages=189–196|doi=10.1109/AXMEDIS.2007.41))</ref> A person's ethical and moral predispositions and the judgments that they use to make decisions may indicate consistency across various ethical dilemmas and also indicate their likelihood to pirate software.<ref>((cite journal|author1=Wagner, S.C.|author2= Sanders, G.L.|title=Considerations in Ethical Decision-Making and Software Piracy|journal=Journal of Business Ethics|volume=29|pages=161–167|date=Jan 2001 |doi=10.1023/A:1006415514200|s2cid= 141745605))</ref>

Conversely, those same individuals((who|date=January 2024)) cited that the prevalence of piracy is due to the industry's inability to cater to the consumer. Many((who|date=January 2024)) cite unsatisfactory industry practices such as obtrusive [[Digital rights management|DRM]] in paid software, overpriced media, and split markets as their reason for pirating.<ref name=":2" /><ref>((Cite journal|last1=Al-Rafee|first1=Sulaiman|last2=Cronan|first2=Timothy Paul|date=February 2006|title=Digital Piracy: Factors that Influence Attitude Toward Behavior|journal=Journal of Business Ethics|language=en|volume=63|issue=3|pages=237–259|doi=10.1007/s10551-005-1902-9|s2cid=143769363|issn=0167-4544))</ref> Digital piracy has posed a significant threat to the development of the software industry and the growth of the digital media industry, it has, for the last decade, held considerable interest for researchers and practitioners.<ref>((cite journal|author=Yoon, C.|title=Theory of Planned Behavior and Ethics Theory in Digital Piracy: An Integrated Model|journal=Journal of Bus Ethics|volume=100|pages=405–417|date=2011-11-21|issue=3 |doi=10.1007/s10551-010-0687-7|s2cid=14395090 ))</ref> In the context of Indonesia, moral equity has affected digital piracy behavior negatively. Therefore, efforts to reduce piracy have been focused on highlighting the importance of fairness and justice.<ref>((cite journal|author1=Arli, D.|author2=Tjiptono, F.|author3=Porto, R.|date=2015|title=The impact of moral equity, relativism and attitude on individuals' digital piracy behaviour in a developing country|journal=Marketing Intelligence & Planning|volume=33|issue=3|pages=348–365|doi=10.1108/MIP-09-2013-0149|hdl=10072/169704|hdl-access=free)).</ref>
Studying the causes and effects of digital piracy is one way of evaluating the ethics of how our society consumes and spreads media to one another. Ample research in the study of digital piracy can help better understand the psychology and ethics of digital ethics. One of the research approaches that has provided a theoretical framework for studying software piracy has been to place the illegal copying of software within the domain of ethical decision making assumes that a user must be able to recognize software piracy as a moral issue. A person who cannot recognize a moral issue will fail to use moral decision-making schemata. There is evidence that many individuals do not perceive software piracy to be an ethical problem.<ref>((cite journal|author1=Glass, R.S.|author2=Wood, W.A.|title=Situational determinants of software piracy: An equity theory perspective|journal=Journal of Bus Ethics|volume=15|pages=1189–1198|date=Nov 1996|issue=11 |doi=10.1007/BF00412817|s2cid=145568208 )).</ref> Research findings((by whom|date=January 2024)) suggested that personal morals decrease digital piracy mainly in the first phase, whereas neutralization is used by individuals to support their behavior throughout other phases.<ref>((cite journal|author=Mathupayas Thongmak|title=Ethics, neutralization, and digital piracy|journal=International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies|volume=8|issue=1|pages=1–24|date=2017|doi=10.7903/ijecs.1436 |doi-access=free))</ref>

As more content is fractured into different services, consumers gravitate more towards piracy due to the inconvenience and prohibitive cost of managing multiple service subscriptions to different entities that provide their own content service such as [[Netflix]], [[Apple TV+]], [[Amazon Prime Video]], [[Hulu]], [[Fandango at Home]], [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]], [[Max (streaming service)|Max]] and [[Disney+]].<ref>((Cite web |last=Hern |first=Alex |date=2021-10-02 |title=Streaming was supposed to stop piracy. Now it is easier than ever |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/oct/02/streaming-was-supposed-to-stop-piracy-now-it-is-easier-than-ever |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802183040/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/oct/02/streaming-was-supposed-to-stop-piracy-now-it-is-easier-than-ever |archive-date=2022-08-02 |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=The Guardian |language=en))</ref>

==See also==
* [[Pirated movie release types]]
* [[Privacy in file sharing networks]]
* [[Trade group efforts against file sharing]]

==References==
((Reflist))
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>

==External links==
*[https://illusionofmore.com/podcast-the-multi-billion-dollar-piracy-industry-with-tom-galvin-of-digital-citizens-alliance/ The Multi-Billion-Dollar Piracy Industry with Tom Galvin of Digital Citizens Alliance], The Illusion of More Podcast

[[Category:Copyright infringement]]
[[Category:File sharing]]
[[Category:User-generated content]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Online piracy (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:By whom (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite conference (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite encyclopedia (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite news (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:DMCA (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (articles) (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Lead extra info (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Not verified in body (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:R/superscript (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:R/where (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Rp (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Use American English (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Use mdy dates (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Who (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:DecodeEncode (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:GetParameters (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:String2 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Online piracy.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_piracy"