| Operation Tarbrush | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of North West Europe Campaign (Part of World War II) | |||||
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| Belligerents | |||||
 United Kingdom Free French Forces |
 Nazi Germany | ||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||
|
George Lane | |||||
| Units involved | |||||
Operation Tarbrush was the name of a series of British Commando raids during the Second World War, which took place in 1944. Members of No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando were responsible for this operation, which was intended to obtain photographs and other evidence of mines and other traps.[1][2]
Three of the missions were commanded by George Lane. Lane and his team examined mines near Ault on the French coast.[3] During the preparations for D-Day, an RAF plane had attacked a pillbox on the French coast. Since the aircraft was equipped with a camera, films were taken during the flyover. The scientists who examined the images noticed that underwater explosions took place when the plane's rockets fell short and fell into the ocean.[4] Since this was possible evidence of mines, the Allied forces needed to investigate whether the enemy had deployed a new type of mine.[citation needed]
The reconnaissance mission led by Lane required a two-mile approach up to the coast, which was heavily guarded.[4] His expedition found that in the water near the coast, the Germans had equipped Teller mines on stakes. When the tide was in, the mines would be underwater, and landing craft would be unable to see them at high tide and especially at night, and thus would strike them. However, the setup did not account for the fact that the mines were not waterproof and thus had corroded.[citation needed]
Because of the corrosion, the mines only detonated because of the rockets from the RAF fighter, which had fallen short. Lane's conclusion was that the deployment was only a hasty improvisation, and did not represent an advance in the Germans' mine technology.[2][5]
Four of the missions were commanded by Captain Hilton-Jones, based in Dover. Major Ernest Leigh Smith (then Captain) led operation Tarbrush 8 on Quend Plage and successfully returned vital information including a Teller mine. All his team was decorated and he was awarded the Military Cross. He later joined two similar operations in Westkapelle ahead of the Walcheren landings of 1 November 1944.[citation needed]