Orbetello
Comune
Comune di Orbetello
The windmill on the lagoon of Orbetello.
Coat of arms
Location of Orbetello
Orbetello Location of Orbetello in Italy Show map of Italy Orbetello Orbetello (Tuscany) Show map of Tuscany
Coordinates: 42°26′34″N 11°13′29″E / 42.44278°N 11.22472°E / 42.44278; 11.22472
Country	Italy
Region	Tuscany
Province	Grosseto (GR)
Frazioni	Albinia, Ansedonia, Fonteblanda, Giannella, San Donato, Talamone
Government
• Mayor	Andrea Casamenti
Area [1]
• Total	226.8 km2 (87.6 sq mi)
Elevation	3 m (10 ft)
Population  (31 December 2017)[2]
• Total	14,744
• Density	65/km2 (170/sq mi)
Demonym	Orbetellani
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	58010, 58015
Dialing code	0564
Patron saint	Saint Blaise
Saint day	February 3
Website	Official website

Orbetello is a town and comune in the province of Grosseto (Tuscany), Italy. It is located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Grosseto, on the eponymous lagoon, which is home to an important Natural Reserve.

History

Orbetello was an ancient Etruscan settlement, which in 280 BC passed under the control of the Romans, who had founded their colony of Cosa (near the modern Ansedonia).

The emperor Domitian had a substantial property here, which had belonged to the Domitii Ahenobarbi and he inherited through his wife Domitia Longina. He also built other sumptuous villas nearby for his courtiers.^[3]

In the Middle Ages it was a possession of the Aldobrandeschi family, who held it until the 14th century, when it was acquired by the city of Orvieto. After several struggles with the Orsini of Pitigliano and Orvieto, in the following centuries Orbetello was captured by the Sienese Republic. In the mid-16th century it was part of the State of Presides, a Spanish possession, becoming its capital.

The town was besieged by the French during the 1635-1659 Franco-Spanish War. This led to the inconclusive naval Battle of Orbetello on 14 June; in July, a Spanish army forced the French to lift the siege.^[4]

After the fall of the Republic of Siena, when the territory of Siena passed to Tuscany, Philip II of Spain retained Orbetello, Talamone, Monte Argentario and the island of Giannutri until 1713, under the name of the Reali Stati dei Presidii. There remained many Spanish names among the inhabitants of Orbetello. In 1713 this district passed by treaty to the emperor, in 1736 to the king of the two Sicilies, in 1801 to the kingdom of Etruria, and in 1814 to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.^[5] It formed part of the Grand Duchy until 1860, when it joined the newly unified Kingdom of Italy.

In 1927–33, Italo Balbo's "air cruises" started from Orbetello's lagoon. During World War II, the German Air Force's 2nd Squadron of Embarked Air Group 196 used the lagoon as a base for its Arado Ar 196 float planes for a brief period in 1943.^[6]

Government

Frazioni

The municipality is formed by the municipal seat of Orbetello and the towns and villages (frazioni) of Albinia, Ansedonia, Fonteblanda, Giannella, San Donato and Talamone.

List of mayors

Main sights

• The city walls (5th century BC).
• Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta, built over an Etruscan-Roman temple and restructured in 1375 along Tuscan-Gothic lines. Preceded by a step, it houses some notable 15th-century frescoes.
• The Spanish Forte delle Saline, in the frazione of Albinia.
• Remains of the Roman city of Cosa in the frazione of Ansedonia.
• Ruins of the Monastery of Sant'Angelo.