Orenburg Governorate Оренбургская губерния
Governorate of Russian Empire (1744–1917), Russian Republic, and RSFSR (1917–1928)
1744–1928
Coat of arms
Orenburg Governorate within the Russian Empire
Capital	Orenburg, Ufa (1802–1865)
Area
•	189,727.4 km2 (73,254.2 sq mi)
Population
• (1897)[1]	1,600,145
History
• Established	15 March 1744
• Disestablished	14 May 1928
Preceded by Succeeded by Orenburg Commission Ufa Province Iset Province Ufa Governorate Middle Volga Oblast

Orenburg Governorate (Russian: Оренбургская губерния) was an administrative division (a guberniya) of the Russian Empire with the center in the city of Orenburg, Ufa (1802-1865).

The governorate was created in 1744 from the lands annexed from Siberian and Astrakhan Governorates. In 1782, the governorate, along with Chelyabinsky Uyezd of Perm Viceroyalty [ru] were transformed into Ufa Viceroyalty, which was divided into Ufa and Orenburg Oblasts. In 1796, Ufa Viceroyalty was renamed Orenburg Governorate, and in 1865 it was split in two—a smaller Orenburg Governorate, and Ufa Governorate.

In 1919, Chelyabinsk Governorate was split off from Orenburg Governorate, and in 1928 the governorate was merged into a newly created Middle Volga Oblast.

Administrative division

After the creation of Ufa Governorate in 1865, Orenburg Governorate consisted of the following uyezds (administrative centres in parentheses):

• Verkhneuralsky Uyezd (Verkhneuralsk)
• Orenburgsky Uyezd (Orenburg)
• Orsky Uyezd (Orsk)
• Troitsky Uyezd (Troitsk)
• Chelyabinsky Uyezd (Chelyabinsk)

Notable people

• Nikolay Anisimov (1877–1931), major general of the White Army
• Gury Marchuk, (1925–2013) Soviet scientist