Orioles
Black-naped oriole (Oriolus chinensis)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Oriolidae
Genus: Oriolus
Linnaeus, 1766
Type species
Oriolus galbula[1]
Linnaeus, 1766
Synonyms
  • Analcipus
  • Broderipus
  • Mimeta
  • Psaropholus
  • Xanthonotus

Orioles are colourful Old World passerine birds in the genus Oriolus, the type genus of the corvoidean family Oriolidae. They are not closely related to the New World orioles, which are icterids (family Icteridae) that belong to the superfamily Passeroidea.

Taxonomy and systematics

The genus Oriolus was erected in 1766 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the 12th edition of his Systema Naturae.[2] The type species is, by tautonomy, Oriolus galbula Linnaeus, 1766. This is a junior synonym of Coracias oriolus Linnaeus, 1758, the Eurasian golden oriole.[3] In 1760, French ornithologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in his Ornithologie used Oriolus as a subdivision of the genus Turdus,[4] but the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ruled in 1955 that "Oriolus Brisson, 1760" should be suppressed.[5] Linnaeus added more than a dozen additional genera when he updated his 10th edition, but he generally based new genera on those that had been introduced by Brisson in his Ornithologie. Oriolus is now the only genus for which Linnaeus's 12th edition is cited as the original publication.[6][7] The name is derived from the old French word oriol, which is echoic in origin, derived from the call of the bird,[8] but some authors have suggested origins in classical Latin aureolus meaning "golden". Various forms of "oriole" have existed in Romance languages since the 12th and 13th centuries.[9]

Extant species

 
 

szalayi

 

melanotis

flavocinctus

sagitattus
 

phaeochromus

 

bouroensis

forsteni

 
 
 
 

chlorocephalus

brachyrhynchus

xanthornus

 
 
 
 
 

nigripennis

percivali

larvatus

monacha

 
 
 

diffusus

 
 

oriolus

kundoo

 

chinensis (part)

melanisticus

maculatus

auratus

 
 

hosii

cruentus

 

mellianus

trailli

 

xanthonotus

 

steerei

 

albiloris

isabellae

Relatedness of species within the genus: Two forms that have not been included in the sequencing and analysis are O. crassirostris, which is expected to be close to O. brachyrhynchus, and O. tenuirostris, which is expected to be close to O. diffusus[10]

The genus contains 32 species:[7]

Image Common Name Scientific name Distribution
Brown oriole Oriolus szalayi New Guinea
Dusky-brown oriole Oriolus phaeochromus North Maluku
Grey-collared oriole Oriolus forsteni Seram
Black-eared oriole Oriolus bouroensis Buru Island
Tanimbar oriole Oriolus decipiens Tanimbar Islands
Timor oriole Oriolus melanotis Timor, Rote and Semau Islands
Wetar oriole Oriolus finschi Wetar and Atauro Islands
Olive-backed oriole Oriolus sagittatus eastern Australia and south-central New Guinea.
Green oriole Oriolus flavocinctus Australia and New Guinea
Dark-throated oriole Oriolus xanthonotus Southeast Asia through Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka, Java and southwestern Borneo
Ventriloquial oriole Oriolus consobrinus Borneo and the Philippines
Philippine oriole Oriolus steerii the Philippines
White-lored oriole Oriolus albiloris Luzon Island (the Philippines)
Isabela oriole Oriolus isabellae Luzon
Eurasian golden oriole Oriolus oriolus Europe and western Asia, and spends the winter season in central and southern Africa
Indian golden oriole Oriolus kundoo Indian subcontinent and Central Asia
African golden oriole Oriolus auratus Africa south of the Sahara desert
Slender-billed oriole Oriolus tenuirostris eastern Himalayas to Southeast Asia
Black-naped oriole Oriolus chinensis eastern Siberia, Ussuriland, northeastern China, Korea and northern Vietnam
Green-headed oriole Oriolus chlorocephalus eastern Africa
São Tomé oriole Oriolus crassirostris island of São Tomé
Western oriole Oriolus brachyrynchus Africa.
Ethiopian oriole Oriolus monacha north-eastern Africa
Mountain oriole Oriolus percivali Democratic Republic of Congo to central Kenya and western Tanzania
Black-headed oriole Oriolus larvatus Africa
Black-winged oriole Oriolus nigripennis Sierra Leone and Liberia to southern South Sudan, western Uganda, central Democratic Republic of Congo and north-western Angola
Black-hooded oriole Oriolus xanthornus tropical southern Asia from India and Sri Lanka east to Indonesia
Black oriole Oriolus hosii Sarawak in Borneo
Black-and-crimson oriole Oriolus consanguineus Indonesia and Malaysia
Javan oriole Oriolus cruentus Indonesia
Maroon oriole Oriolus traillii Southeast Asia
Silver oriole Oriolus mellianus southern China and winters in mainland Southeast Asia

Former species

Formerly, some authorities also considered these species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Oriolus:

Distribution and habitat

The orioles are a mainly tropical group, although one species, the Eurasian golden oriole, breeds in temperate regions.

References

  1. ^ "Oriolidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  2. ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1766). Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 160.
  3. ^ Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1962). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 15. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 122.
  4. ^ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (in French and Latin). Vol. 2. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. p. 320.
  5. ^ I.C.Z.N. (1955). "Direction 21: Validation under the Plenary Powers of the generic names Bubo Dumeril, 1806, Coturnix Bonnaterre, 1790, Egretta Forster, 1817, and Oriolus Linnaeus, 1766 (class Aves), by the suppression of older homonyms published by Brisson in 1760 (validation of four erroneous entries on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology made by the ruling given in Opinion 67)". Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1 (Section C, Part C 12): 161–178.
  6. ^ Allen, J.A. (1910). "Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 28: 317–335. hdl:2246/678.
  7. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Orioles, drongos, fantails". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  8. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 284.
  9. ^ "Oriole". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  10. ^ Jønsson, Knud A; Bowie, Rauri C. K; Moyle, Robert G; Irestedt, Martin; Christidis, Les; Norman, Janette A; Fjeldså, Jon (2010). "Phylogeny and biogeography of Oriolidae (Aves: Passeriformes)". Ecography. 33 (2): 232–241. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06167.x.
  11. ^ "Sphecotheres viridis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-02-20.
  12. ^ "Hypsipetes amaurotis squamiceps - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-11-08.

External links

Genera of corvides and their extinct allies
Taxon identifiers
Authority control databases: National
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