 A Black Orpington hen | |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
|---|---|
| Standard | |
| Traits | |
| Weight |
|
| Skin colour | white |
| Egg colour | brown[2]: 228 |
| Comb type | medium single |
| Classification | |
| APA | English |
| PCGB | soft feather: heavy[3] |
| |
The Orpington is a British breed of chicken. It was bred in the late nineteenth century by William Cook of Orpington, Kent, in south-east England.[4]: 115 It was intended to be a dual-purpose breed, to be reared both for eggs and for meat, but soon became exclusively a show bird.[5][6]
The original Black Orpington was bred by William Cook in 1886 by crossing Minorcas, Langshans and Plymouth Rocks to create a new hybrid bird. Cook selected a black bird that would exhibit well by hiding the dirt and soot of London.[7]: 158 When the breed was shown in Madison Square Gardens in 1895, its popularity soared.[4]: 115 Cook also bred the Orpington Duck.[8]: 74
The original colours are black, white, buff, blue and splash.[citation needed] Although there are many additional varieties recognised throughout the world, only the original colours are recognised by the American Standard, the Buff being the most common colour.[9]: 98 In the beginning of the twentieth century, Herman Kuhn of Germany developed a Bantam variety.[7]: 254 The Bantam retains the appearance of the full-size bird, but in a smaller size. There is a large variety of colours in the Bantam version, including black, blue laced, white, buff, red, buff black laced, barred, buff Columbian, and birchen.[7]: 254 The Bantam retains the friendly personality of the Standard breed, and seldom or never flies.[7]: 254
In the UK, the club dedicated to the breed is the Orpington Club, which merged with the Orpington Bantam Club in 1975.[citation needed] The United Orpington Club is the American breeder's club, and the Orpington Club of Australia is the Australian club for the breed.
There are two similar but different standards for Orpingtons. The first is published by the Poultry Club of Great Britain and asks for a weight from 3.60 to 4.55 kg for cocks and 2.70 to 3.60 kg for hens.[1] They also ask for a heavy, broad body with a low stance, with fluffed-out feathers which make it look large; the down from the body covers most of the legs. Other characteristics of their Orpingtons are a curvy shape with a short back and U-shaped underline, and a small head with a medium single comb.
Orpingtons lay about 175 to 200[7]: 158 medium to large[4]: 115 light-brown eggs a year.
It was said that at one time Orpingtons were capable of laying as many as 340[4]: 115 eggs per year. The decline in production was due to breeders selecting for looks over utility.[9]: 98
