Osor (Italian: Ossero) is a village and a small port on the Croatian island of Cres, in Primorje-Gorski Kotar county. Administratively, it is part of the town of Mali Lošinj. As of 2021, it had a population of 26.[2]
Osor lies at a narrow channel that separates the islands of Cres and Lošinj. The channel was built in Roman times to make sailing possible. Now the islands are connected with a rotating bridge. Originally, Cres and Lošinj were one island, Osor, before the channel was cut.
History
The first settlements of the area date in the prehistoric times. In Roman times, Osor, then called Apsoros (Ancient Greek: Ἄψωρος), also used to refer to the whole island of Lošinj,[3] was an important center of trade on the route to the ports of Northern Adriatic.[4] After the fall of Roman Empire, Osor became a part of Byzantine Empire and was a seat of diocese since the 6th century.
In 840 it was burned down by Saracens,[5] in the 10th century, it came under Croatian rule. In the 14th century it was under the rule of the Republic of Venice. From the 15th century on, Osor lost its strategic and commercial importance. Due to malaria, it was ultimately abandoned as the administrative center of the island in favor of the town of Cres.[4]
Today, Osor is a tourist-oriented town in Croatia, with sculptures of Ivan Meštrović and others scattered around the center. Several camping sites are located in the surroundings.
Ecclesiastical history
Residential bishopric
The bishopric of what was called in LatinAbsorus was founded circa 600, maybe as early as the 6th century, as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishop of the Late Roman provinceDalmatia Inferior's capital Salona (later of Split), but the first bishop of the see whose name is known was Dominicus in the last third of the 9th century. It has also been called Absor and Lusin.
The diocese was from 1146 a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Zadar/Zara. Its cathedral, the Church of the Assumption, was built from 1463 until 1497. The area was taken by the Ottoman Empire in 1621 and held for a short time, during which its Christians travelled to Šibenik to fulfil their Easter duty of Confession and Communion.
Absorus ceased in 1828 to be a residential see, when its territory was added to that of the Croatian diocese of Krk.[6][7][8]
Matteo Cernota (29 October 1347 – 19 July 1357), later Bishop of Šibenik (Croatia) (1357.07.19 – ?)
Bonifacio (19 July 1357 – ?), previously Bishop of Trebinje (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (? – 6 February 1344), Bishop of Šibenik (Croatia) (6 February 1344 – 19 July 1357)
Pietro Leon (6 February 1436 – 4 June 1445), later Bishop of Ceneda (Italy) (4 June 1445 – 1474)
Simone de Valle (9 June 1445 – ?), was an auditor in the case of John Myssenden Vicar of Leatherhead against the Priory of Leeds near Maidstone in 1446. The Register of Letters to England, Scotland and Ireland reports the case
Domenico (28 July 1449 – ?)
Antonio di Pago (12 January 1451 – 29 March 1471), later Bishop of Kotor (Montenegro) (29 March 1471 – ?)
Marco Negro (29 March 1471 – death 20 July 1485), previously Bishop of Kotor (Montenegro) (7 November 1459 – 29 March 1471)
Giovanni Robobello (5 November 1485 – 6 January 1491), later Bishop of Feltre (Italy) (6 January 1491 – 19 December 1494), Metropolitan Archbishop of Zadar (Zara) (Croatia) (19 December 1494 – 1503)
Giovanni Giusto (6 January 1491 – ?)
Andrea Corner (6 November 1512 – death 1514)
Giovanni Battista Garzoni (1514 – death 1516)
Andrea Peveraro (24 July 1517 – death 1527)
Antonio de Cappo (26 December 1527 – death 1553)
Marco Fedeli-Gonzaga (1553 – 1 December 1574), succeeding as former Coadjutor Bishop of Osor (? – 1553); later Bishop of Mantova (Mantua)) (Italy) (1 December 1574 – death 29 September 1583)
Coriolano Garzadoro (19 January 1575 – 1614)
Ottaviano Garzadoro (17 March 1614 – death 1633)
Marc'Antonio Verità (18 July 1633 – death 15 October 1650)
Matteo Scrivanelli (3 August 1667 – death December 1672)
Simone Gaudenti (30 January 1673 – death September 1719)
Nicolò Drasich (16 September 1720 – death December 1737)
Giovanni Ferro (19 December 1738 – death 27 May 1742)
Mate Karaman (9 July 1742 – 22 November 1745), later Metropolitan Archbishop of Zadar (Zara) (Croatia) (22 November 1745 – death 7 May 1771)
Niccolò Dinarico (Dinarić) (22 November 1745 – 3 January 1757), later Metropolitan Archbishop of Salona (Croatia) (3 January 1757 – 1764)
Bonaventura Bernardi (3 January 1757 – death 21 February 1781)
Simone Spalatin (25 June 1781 – death 10 February 1798), previously Bishop of Korcula (13 March 1775 – 25 June 1781)
Francesco Pietro Raccamarich (20 July 1801 – 21 January 1815), previously Bishop of Kotor (Montenegro) (27 June 1796 – death 20 July 1801)
Titular see
It is today listed by the Catholic Church as a [9] since 1933, when the diocese was nominally restored as a titular bishopric Osor, also named Absorus in Latin and Ossore in Curiate Italian.
It has had the following incumbents of the fitting episcopal (lowest) rank :
Titular Bishop Karl Moser (9 July 1969 – 29 September 1991), as Auxiliary Bishop of Wien (Vienna) (Austria) (9 July 1969 – 29 June 1991)
Titular Bishop Peter Henrici (4 March 1993 – ...), Jesuits (S.J.), Auxiliary Bishop emeritus of Chur (Switzerland)
^The Italian Cities and the Arabs before 1095, Hilmar C. Krueger, A History of the Crusades: The First Hundred Years, Vol.I, ed. Kenneth Meyer Setton, Marshall W. Baldwin, (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1955), 47.
Croatia
Primorje-Gorski Kotar
