The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to epistemology:

Epistemology or theory of knowledge – branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge.^[1] The term was introduced into English by the Scottish philosopher James Frederick Ferrier (1808–1864).^[2] Epistemology asks the questions: "What is knowledge?", "How is knowledge acquired?", and "What do people know?"

Core topics of epistemology

• Knowledge
  • Gettier problem
  • Sources of knowledge
    • Perception
    • Memory
    • Introspection
    • Inference
    • Testimony
  • Types of knowledge
    • Descriptive knowledge - "Knowledge that"
    • Procedural knowledge - "Knowledge how"
    • Knowledge by acquaintance
  • A priori and a posteriori
  • Analytic-synthetic distinction
  • Internalism and externalism
• Justification
  • Foundationalism – Self-evident basic beliefs justify other non-basic beliefs.
  • Coherentism – Beliefs are justified if they cohere with other beliefs a person holds, each belief is justified if it coheres with the overall system of beliefs.
  • Infinitism
  • Regress argument
• Truth
  • Criteria of truth
• Belief
• Empiricism
• Rationalism
• Skepticism
• Contextualism
• Fallibilism
• Innatism
• Naïve realism
• Phenomenalism
• Positivism
• Reductionism
• Reliabilism

Branches of epistemology

• Formal epistemology – subdiscipline of epistemology that uses formal methods from logic, probability theory and computability theory to elucidate traditional epistemic problems.
• Meta-epistemology – metaphilosophical study of the subject, matter, methods and aims of epistemology and of approaches to understanding and structuring our knowledge of knowledge itself.
• Social epistemology – the study of collective knowledge and the social dimensions of knowledge
• Naturalized epistemology