Ouvrage Otterbiel
Part of Maginot Line
Northeast France
Front of Block 2: the embrasure on the right is equipped with an AC 47 anti-tank gun
Ouvrage Otterbiel is located in France
Ouvrage Otterbiel
Ouvrage Otterbiel
Coordinates49°03′48″N 7°26′23″E / 49.06333°N 7.43972°E / 49.06333; 7.43972
Site information
OwnerFrench Army
Controlled byFrance
Site history
Built byCORF
MaterialsConcrete, steel, deep excavation
Battles/warsBattle of France, Lorraine Campaign, Battle of the Bulge
Ouvrage Otterbiel
Type of work:Small artillery work (Petit ouvrage)
sector
└─sub-sector		Fortified Sector of Rohrbach
└─Sub-Sector of Bitche
Work number:O 400, Ouvrage B
Constructed:1933
Regiment:37th Fortress Infantry Regiment (RIF)
Number of blocks:5
Strength:7 officers, 98 men

Ouvrage Otterbiel forms part of the Maginot Line in the Fortified Sector of Rohrbach, Sub-sector of Bitche, and is located on the Camp de Bitche of the French Army. It is located between gros ouvrage Schiesseck and petit ouvrage Grand Hohekirkel. Part of the Fortified Sector of Rohrbach, the petit ouvrage comprises four combat blocks and an entry block. Due to budget restrictions, a planned flanking infantry block was never constructed. Otterbiel saw no significant action in the Battle of France, and limited action during the 1944/45 Lorraine Campaign. It was renovated for use during the Cold War. Otterbiel is used for ammunition storage by the French Army.

Design and construction

The site was surveyed by Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées (CORF), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency, and was approved for construction in August 1931. The petit ouvrage[nb 1] was initially planned as a gros ouvrage with additional blocks for an 81mm mortar turret and two 75mm gun casemates, as well as a separate personnel entry.[3]

Description

Otterbiel is unusual for having an artillery block in a petit ouvrage, a vestige of its original intention as a gros ouvrage. It also possesses three infantry blocks and a single entry block.

Casemates and shelters

A series of detached casemates and infantry shelters are in the vicinity of Otterbiel, including

Manning

In 1939 the garrison comprised 98 men and 7 officers of the 37th Fortress Infantry Regiment under the command of Captain Le Guanec.[3] The units were under the umbrella of the 5th Army[10] The Casernement de Bitche provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Otterbiel and other positions in the area.[11][12]

History

See Fortified Sector of Rohrbach for a broader discussion of the Rohrbach sector of the Maginot Line.

1940

Otterbiel saw relatively little action in 1940 compared to its neighbors, and surrendered to the Germans with the rest of the Bitche fortifications on 30 June 1940.[13]

1944 and 1945

At the end of November 1944 the U.S. Seventh Army under General Alexander Patch had reached the Vosges region. Otterbiel was occupied by elements of the German 25th Panzer Grenadier Division.[14] Otterbiel was to be the next position to be attacked by the U.S. 100th Infantry Division, but the planned operation was disrupted by the Battle of the Bulge. The Seventh Army withdrew to cover areas vacated by the U.S. Third Army, which moved to confront the German offensive.[15]

The 100th returned in March 1945 attacked the area on a broad front. Otterbiel was lightly defended, and the Americans, backed up by heavy artillery, were able to capture Otterbiel and the Ensemble de Bitche with few casualties.[15]

Cold War

Following World War II, interest revived in the use of the Maginot Line to defend against a possible Soviet advance through southern Germany. Funds were allocated for restoration of the gros ouvrages, but work was limited to restoration of systems and improvements to existing armament, with work completed by 1953. By 1953, Otterbiel had been designated part of the Mòle de Bitche, a strongpoint in the northeastern defenses against Soviet attack.[16] By the late 1950s interest in fixed fortifications was waning after France developed a nuclear deterrent. The money needed to maintain and upgrade the fortifications was diverted for the nuclear programs. Otterbiel was not manned or maintained after the early 1970s[17]

Present condition

Otterbiel is on military land and is not accessible to the public. It is reportedly used for ammunition storage.[18]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ English-language sources use the French term ouvrage as the preferred term for the Maginot positions, in preference to "fort", a term usually reserved for older fortifications with passive defenses in the form of walls and ditches.[1] The literal translation of ouvrage in the sense of a fortification in English is "work." A gros ouvrage is a large fortification with a significant artillery component, while a petit ouvrage is smaller, with lighter arms.[2]
  2. ^ An abri is an infantry shelter, sometimes underground or under earth cover. An abri in the main Maginot Line often closely resembles a casemate, but is more lightly armed and can hold more occupants.[9]

References

  1. ^ Kaufmann 2006, p. 13
  2. ^ Kaufmann 2006, p. 20
  3. ^ a b c Mary, Tome 3, p. 128
  4. ^ Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Otterbiel (go du) Bloc 1". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  5. ^ Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Otterbiel (go du) Bloc 2". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  6. ^ Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Otterbiel (go du) Bloc 3". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  7. ^ Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Otterbiel (go du) Bloc 4". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  8. ^ Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Otterbiel (go du) Entrée". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  9. ^ Kaufmann 2006, p. 14
  10. ^ Mary, Tome 3, p. 123
  11. ^ Mary, Tome 3, p. 117
  12. ^ Wahl, J.B. "Festungsabschnitt Rohrbach" (in German). darkplaces.org. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  13. ^ Mary, Tome 3, pp. 233, 237
  14. ^ Clarke, Jeremy. "On to the Siegfried Line". The U.S. Army in World War II. pp. 471–475. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  15. ^ a b Dickerson, Bryan J. "The US Army vs. the Maginot Line". Military History Online. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  16. ^ Mary Tome 5, p. 161
  17. ^ Mary, Tome 5, p. 173
  18. ^ Donnell, Clayton. "Off the Beaten Path".

Bibliography

External links

Maginot Line Ouvrages
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