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((more citations needed|date=March 2015))
[[File:Types of oxyacetylene flames.png|thumb|Reducing, neutral and oxidizing oxyacetylene flames.]]

A [[flame]] is affected by the [[fuel]] introduced and the [[oxygen]] available. A flame with a balanced oxygen-fuel ratio is called a '''neutral flame'''. The color of a neutral flame is semi-transparent purple or blue.<ref>((Citation|title=HHO gas generator, Typ: H2-3 (BlackWater) 1500 L/hour|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCXCpu3zSrA|language=en|access-date=2021-12-24))</ref> This flame is optimal for many uses because it does not [[oxidation|oxidize]] or deposit [[soot]] onto surfaces.[[File:Bunsen burner flame types.jpg|thumb|[[Bunsen burner]] flames with different oxygen levels: 1. diffusion flame, 2. reducing flame, 3. fuel-rich neutral flame, 4. neutral flame]]
[[File:OxygenRichBlowTorchFlame.jpg|thumb|Oxygen rich [[butane]] torch flame]]
[[File:FuelRichBlowTorchFlame.jpg|thumb|Fuel rich butane torch flame]]

== Oxidizing flame ==
If the flame has too much oxygen, an [[Redox|oxidizing]] flame is produced. When the amount of oxygen increases, the flame shortens due to quicker combustion, its color becomes a more transparent blue, and it hisses/roars.<ref name="oppi">[https://books.google.com/books?id=r81z6oAOIowC&dq=%22oxidizing+flame+is%22&pg=PA413 "The Anatomy of a Flame"], in: "Jewelry concepts and technology", by Oppi Untracht, 1983, ((ISBN|0-385-04185-3))</ref> With some exceptions (e.g., platinum [[soldering]] in [[jewelry]]), the oxidizing flame is usually undesirable for [[welding]] and soldering, since, as its name suggests, it oxidizes the metal's surface.<ref name="oppi" />  The same principle is important in firing [[pottery]].

== Reducing flame ==
A '''reducing flame''' is a flame with insufficient oxygen. It has an opaque yellow or orange color due to [[carbon]] or [[hydrocarbon]]s<ref name="google">((cite journal|title=Gas Age|journal=Gas Age: Combining Natural Gas, Gas Age, Gas Record|date=1920|volume=45|publisher=Robbins Publishing Company|issn=0096-0780|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K6vmAAAAMAAJ|page=196|accessdate=2015-01-01))</ref> which bind with (or reduce) the oxygen contained in the materials the flame processes.<ref name="oppi" /> The flame is also called '''carburizing flame''', since it tends to introduce carbon soot into the molten metal.

The flame also produces [[carbon monoxide]], a poisonous gas which burns on the outer envelope of flame into [[carbon dioxide]].<ref>((Cite web|title=Combustion of fuels - Products and effects of combustion - GCSE Chemistry (Single Science) Revision - Other|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zx6sdmn/revision/1|access-date=2021-12-24|website=BBC Bitesize|language=en-GB))</ref>

=== Reducing flames with no carbon ===
Reducing zero-carbon fuel flames, such as reducing hydrogen flames, are exceptions. They don't have an opaque yellow or orange glow, nor do they produce soot or carbon monoxide.

==See also==
*((slink|Oxy-fuel welding and cutting|Types of flame)) for further details about the above types of flame in oxy-fuel burners
*[[Oxyhydrogen]]
*[[Redox]]
*[[Oxygen]]
*[[Flame test]]
*[[Spark testing]]

==References==
((reflist))

[[Category:Fire]]

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