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((Short description|1981 airplane hijacking))
((Multiple issues|
((more citations needed |date= September 2012))
((unreliable sources|date=November 2013))
))

((Infobox aircraft occurrence
| name = Pakistan International Airlines Flight 326
| occurrence_type = Incident
| image = PIA Boeing 720 at LHR 1964.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| alt = 
| caption = A [[Pakistan International Airlines]] [[Boeing 720]] similar to the hijacked aircraft
| date = 2 March 1981
| type = [[Aircraft hijacking|Hijacking]]
| site = en route
| coordinates = <!--These 17 entries for single-aircraft occurrence:------>
| aircraft_type = [[Boeing 720]]
| aircraft_name = 
| operator = [[Pakistan International Airlines]]
| IATA = PK326
| ICAO = PIA326
| tail_number = AP-AZP
| origin = [[Karachi]]
| stopover = [[Kabul]] (1st diversion)
| stopover0 = [[Damascus]] (2nd diversion)
| stopover1 = 
| stopover2 = 
| stopover3 = 
| last_stopover = 
| destination = [[Peshawar]]
| passengers = 135 (inc. 3 terrorists)
| crew = 9
| injuries = 0
| fatalities = 1
| survivors = 143
))

'''Pakistan International Airlines Flight 326''' was a domestic scheduled [[passenger flight]] that was hijacked by [[al-Zulfikar]] terrorists with support of [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghanistan's]] [[KHAD|KhAD]], from 2 March to 14 March 1981.<ref>((Cite news |last=Coll |first=Steve |date=February 24, 2002 |title=Spies, Lies and the Distortion of History |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2002/02/24/spies-lies-and-the-distortion-of-history/7469fae7-4859-495b-959d-42eccdb38fbe/ |newspaper=The Washington Post))</ref> It was a routine flight scheduled from Karachi to Peshawar, but the hijackers diverted it to [[Kabul]], [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], and then [[Damascus]], where the hostage situation ended with the release of prisoners by the Pakistani government.

==Details==
Al-Zulfiqar and [[Peoples Students Federation|PSF]] activist Salamullah Tipu and three other militants hijacked the plane. 

The hijackers demanded that 54 political prisoners be released. These included [[Pakistan Peoples Party|PPP]], [[Peoples Students Federation|PSF]], NSF and some Marxist Jiyala activists. Zia-ul-Haq hesitated and Tipu executed Major Tariq Rahim, whom he mistakenly believed to be the son of then-martial law administrator General Rahimuddin Khan on the plane accusing him of being a part of Zia's coup against Bhutto.<ref>((Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Accident Description |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19810302-1 |access-date=August 8, 2021))</ref>

Some passengers were let off, but others were not, most notably Major Tariq Rahim, who [[Murtaza Bhutto]] felt had abandoned his father [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]. The Pakistani diplomat was shot, and his body was thrown onto the tarmac. At first, the [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] regime resisted negotiating with the hijackers. However, they eventually gave in, and released more than 50 prisoners, which included members of PPP, PSF, and NSF.

The plane was first forced to land at Kabul airport, and was then flown to Damascus. Although undertaken to 'avenge Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's hanging by Zia', the hijacking was at once condemned by the young co-chairperson of the PPP, [[Benazir Bhutto]], who was languishing in a [[Karachi]] jail.

Around 50 prisoners were eventually released by the Zia-ul-Haq regime. Tipu was thrown in a Kabul prison and eventually executed by firing squad in 1984 for murdering an Afghan national. His body was never returned, and he is said to have been buried somewhere near Kabul.<ref>((Cite web |last=Bennett-Jones |first=Owen |date=2021-06-01 |title=Revisiting PK-326 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1626869 |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en))</ref>

According to [[Vasili Mitrokhin]], before the hijacking event Murtaza visited Kabul and met then head of KhAD [[Mohammad Najibullah]] on three occasions, together agreeing to fight the Pakistani regime through a plane hijacking in late 1980. Then during the hijacking when the plane was on the Kabul tarmac, Najibullah secretly met Murtaza in disguise at the plane. The KGB offered advice to Najibullah on exploiting the situation politically against Pakistan. Murtaza requested additional Al-Zulfiqar members to join them and Najibullah provided them with money, explosives, and weapons.<ref>((Cite web |last=Mitrokhin |first=Vasiliy |date=July 2002 |title=The KGB in Afghanistan |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/publication/WP40-english.pdf |access-date=14 February 2024 |website=Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars |page=136))</ref>

==Aftermath==
The successful hijacking not only saw many of the released men join AZO, but the organization also welcomed a whole new batch of recruits who travelled across Pakistan's tribal areas and entered [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]].

AZO described itself as a socialist guerrilla outfit, but its main purpose was avenging Bhutto's death. The organization was mostly made up of young PSF militants, and members of small left-wing groups such as the Communist Mazdoor Kissan Party.<ref>((Cite web|last=Paracha|first=Nadeem F.|date=2010-04-09|title=Al-Zulfikar: The unsaid history|url=http://blog.dawn.com/2010/04/09/al-zulfikar-the-unsaid-history/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-01|website=DAWN.COM))</ref>

One of the three American hostages on the flight, [[Fred Hubbell]], ran for the position of governor of the state of Iowa in [[2018 Iowa gubernatorial election|the 2018 election]].<ref>((Cite news|last=Tanner|first=Henry|date=1981-03-15|title=PLANE HIJACKERS SURRENDER IN SYRIA, ENDING 13-DAY ORDEAL FOR HOSTAGES|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/15/world/plane-hijackers-surrender-in-syria-ending-13-day-ordeal-for-hostages.html|access-date=2018-07-11|issn=0362-4331))</ref>

Flight attendant Naila Nazir was awarded the [[Flight Safety Foundation]] Heroism Award in 1985 for refusing to flee the airliner when the hijackers boarded the plane.<ref>((cite web |last1=Marquand |first1=Cynthia |title=Pakistani flight attendant honored for heroism during hijacking. Naila Nazir credits an upbringing that stressed caring for humanity . The plane Boeing 720 involved in hijacking is preserved in karachi at PIA planiterium.|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1985/1121/hcnaz.html |website=Christian Science Monitor |access-date=17 November 2021 |date=21 November 1985))</ref>

== References ==
<references />((Aviation accidents and incidents in 1981))
((Aviation accidents and incidents in Pakistan))
((Aviation accidents and incidents in Syria))
((Pakistan International Airlines))

((DEFAULTSORT:Pakistan International Airlines Boeing 720 hijacking, 1981))
[[Category:Aircraft hijackings in Asia]]
[[Category:1981 murders in Asia]]
[[Category:1981 in Pakistan]]
[[Category:1981 in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations]]
[[Category:Pakistan International Airlines accidents and incidents]]
[[Category:Military government of Pakistan (1977–1988)]]
[[Category:Al-Zulfiqar]]
[[Category:Aircraft hijackings in Pakistan]]
[[Category:1980s murders in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:1981 crimes in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 707]]
[[Category:Soviet–Afghan War]]
[[Category:Hijackings in the 1980s]]

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