Pakistan Zindabad (Urdu: پاکِستان زِندہ‌باد, transl. "Long Live Pakistan") is a patriotic slogan used by Pakistanis in displays of Pakistani nationalism.[1][2] The phrase became popular among the Muslims of British India after the 1933 publication of the "Pakistan Declaration" by Choudhry Rahmat Ali, who argued that the Muslim minority in British India—particularly in the Muslim-majority regions of Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh, and Baluchistan—constituted a nation of an irrevocably distinct nature from the rest of India on "religious, social, and historical grounds" owing primarily to the issue of Hindu–Muslim unity.[3] Ali's ideology was adopted by the All-India Muslim League as the "two-nation theory" and ultimately spurred the Pakistan Movement that led to the partition of British India. During this time, "Pakistan Zindabad" became a widely used slogan and greeting within the Muslim League,[4] and following the creation of Pakistan, it was also used as a rallying cry by Muslims who were migrating to the newly independent state from India as well as by those who were already within Pakistan's borders.[5] The slogan is commonly invoked by Pakistani citizens and Pakistani state institutions on national holidays, during times of armed conflict, and on other major occasions.[6]

Etymology

The slogan is a use of the standard Urdu and Persian suffix Zindabad (Long Live) that is placed after a person or a country name. It is used to express victory, patriotism or as a prayer.[2][7][failed verification] In literal translation, Pakistan Zindabad means "Long Live Pakistan"; it also is rendered as "Victory to Pakistan".[4][8]

History

The Pakistan Zindabad slogan was first raised during the Pakistan Movement. Muslims at that time often wrote the slogan on handkerchiefs or pillowcases.[9][better source needed] The slogan was equally heard as Jai Hind during a visit by a British parliamentary delegation led by Robert Richards to Delhi, after the British government decided to leave India.[10] On 23 December 1940, the Bihar Muslim Student Federation passed a resolution to adopt Pakistan Zindabad as their national slogan at every meeting, conference or gathering.[11] In 1941, during the days of the Pakistan Movement, Muhammad Ali Jinnah on a visit to Ootacamund was received by a crowd of Muslims chanting Pakistan Zindabad; among them was a young boy of about 10 years age, who was scantily clothed. Jinnah called him and asked, "You were shouting Pakistan Zindabad, what do you know about Pakistan?" The boy replied, "I do not know very much about Pakistan. I only know that Pakistan means Muslim rule where many Muslims live, and Hindu rule where Hindus live," to which Jinnah observed that his message had reached the people and remarked that now the struggle for Pakistan was unstoppable.[12]

During the fight for an independent Pakistan the cry of Pakistan Zindabad was raised by the locals to welcome the refugees coming to Pakistan.[13] The refugees also raised the cry in jubilation when they crossed the border.[14][15] The slogans of Pakistan Zindabad and its counterpart, Hindustan Zindabad, notably found negative usage in communal riots associated with the fight for independence.[16][17]

Black and white photograph of a thin man in a suit sitting at a table and looking up and away by two microphones.
Jinnah announcing the creation of Pakistan over All India Radio on 3 June 1947.

On 3rd June 1947, after an agreement for the Partition, the viceroy and the community leaders addressed the public on the radio. Jinnah ended his speech with Pakistan Zindabad!. Some listeners misunderstood his accented Urdu as the much informal "Pakistan's in the bag!".[18] On 14 August 1947, Muhammad Ali Jinnah's motorcade was welcomed by shouts of Pakistan Zindabad, Quaid-e-Azam Zindabad and flower petals all along his way from the Governor General's residence to the Constituent Assembly building and back, where he attended the Proclamation of Independence and a hoisting ceremony of the Pakistan flag.[19]

Battle cry

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In 1947, during the First Kashmir War, an outpost of the Jammu and Kashmir State force that were under the operational control of Indian Army[20] reported cries of Pakistan Zindabad coming from Haji Pir Pass. Assuming that the pass was invaded and occupied by Pakistanis, the Jammu and Kashmir State forces withdrew from the area and burnt a strategically important bridge. They later discovered it was a false alarm; the men were friendly forces of the Indian Army occupying the pass, who were cut off from Poonch after the bridge was blown away.[21]

Notable usage

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Political

The Saudi King Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz in a meeting with Chief of Army Staff Ashfaq Pervez Kayani repeatedly raised the slogan to show his friendship with Pakistan, during his visit to the country in 2009.[22]

Use in India

On 6 July 1948, the Indian Police raided a brass merchant's shop in Moradabad, after being informed that the shop had utensils with "Pakistan Zindabad" markings on them.[23] During the Muharram Processions in 1956, following communal discord Muslim youths raised the slogan; later in the same year it was heard during a procession organized by students of the Aligarh Muslim University, in protest against a book Religious Leaders published by Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan; however, raising of any anti-nationalism slogan was denied by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad in the Indian parliament.[24][25]

The slogan has also been raised in Indian-administered Kashmir continuously.[26][27][28]).[29] In 1985, a Kashmiri was detained by the local police on a number of charges including raising of the slogan "Pakistan Zindabad", which was called an anti-national and provocative slogan.[30] On 13 October 1983, during a limited over cricket match between West Indies and India at Sher-i-Kashmir Stadium, Srinagar, spectators, including a group of spectators consisting of members of the Jamait-Tuleba, the student wing of the Jamaat-e-Islami, cheered India's defeat with cries of Pakistan Zindabad.[31][32]

National days

Sports

Media

See also

References

  1. ^ Henna Rakheja May 15, 2012, DHNS (14 May 2012). "Manto brought to life". Deccanherald.com. Retrieved 6 June 2012.((cite web)): CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b "Pakistan, India have no option but to promote peace: Shahbaz". Thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  3. ^ Wolpert, Stanley (3 September 2009). Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India. Oxford University Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-19-539394-1. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  4. ^ a b Stanley Wolpert (12 October 1999). India. University of California Press. pp. 103–104. ISBN 978-0520221727. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  5. ^ Marian Aguiar (4 March 2011). Tracking Modernity: India's Railway and the Culture of Mobility. University Of Minnesota Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0816665600. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
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  7. ^ a b "International XI v Asia XI, Toronto: Fans' enthusiasm shields farcical organisation of Toronto T20 | Canada Cricket Features". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
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  9. ^ Debadutta Chakravarty (2003). Muslim Separatism and the Partition of India. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. p. 115. ISBN 978-8126902385. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
  10. ^ Stanley Wolpert (28 November 2002). Gandhi's Passion: The Life and Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi. USA: Oxford University Press. p. 216. ISBN 978-0195156348. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  11. ^ "Bihar's Muslim Students' Slogan: Pakistan Zindabad". The Indian Express. Patna. 27 December 1940. p. 8. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
  12. ^ Mohammad Ali Jinnah (1992). Waheed Ahmad (ed.). The nation's voice, towards consolidation : speeches and statements / Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. Vol. 1. Karachi: Quaid-i-Azam Academy. pp. 255–256. ISBN 9694780004.
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  19. ^ Mian Atta Rabbani (2006). My Years in Blue Uniform. PAF Book –81.
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  21. ^ L. P. Sen (1 January 1994). Slender Was the Thread. Orient Longman. p. 123. ISBN 978-0861316922. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
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  29. ^ Jagmohan (January 2006). My Frozen Turbulence in Kashmir. Allied Publisher. p. 2. ISBN 978-8177642858. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  30. ^ Kashmir Under Siege. Human Rights Watch. 31 December 1991. p. 119. ISBN 978-0300056143. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  31. ^ K. R. Wadhwaney (1 December 2005). Indian Cricket Controversies. Ajanta Books International. p. 332. ISBN 978-8128801136. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  32. ^ Victoria Schofield (18 January 2003). Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War. I. B. Tauris. p. 132. ISBN 978-1860648984. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
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  35. ^ "Five killed in Pakistan cricket celebrations". Stabroek News. Karachi. 27 March 1992. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
  36. ^ "Pakistan celebrate T20 World Cup win". Geo News. 22 June 2009. Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
  37. ^ Ahmad, Nihal (2005). A history of Radio Pakistan – Nihal Ahmad – Google Books. p. 20. ISBN 9780195978704. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
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  39. ^ ISPR Official (21 March 2019), Pakistan Zindabad - 23 Mar 2019 | Sahir Ali Bagga | Pakistan Day 2019 (ISPR Official Song), retrieved 20 April 2019
  40. ^ ISPR Official (21 February 2018), Pakistan Zindaabad | Rahat Fateh Ali Khan | Pakistan Navy (ISPR Official Video), retrieved 20 April 2019
  41. ^ "ISPR Official". YouTube. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
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