The Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and Central Africa (PAFMECA), later renamed the Pan-African Freedom Movement of East, Central and Southern Africa (PAFMECSA) was a political and Pan-Africanist organisation that was formed to campaign for the independence of the countries of East and Central Africa (and later Southern Africa[1][2]) from colonial and white minority rule.[3] The organisation was formed at a conference held in Mwanza, Tanganyika, from 16 to 18 September 1958.[4][5] Julius Nyerere (later President of Tanzania) and Tom Mboya the Kenyan Pan-Africanist and trade unionist were among the founders. Nyerere came up with the idea for the conference.[6][1]

History

PAFMECA was formed in the town of Mwanza on the shores of Lake Victoria in northern Tanganyika under the leadership of Julius Nyerere. Nyerere was the leader of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), the party that campaigned for the independence of Tanganyika.[4][6]

He called a meeting of the representatives of the nationalist parties in the region which was held in Mwanza from 16 – 18 September 1958. It was attended by representatives of political parties from Kenya, Uganda, Zanzibar, Nyasaland and Tanganyika to mobilise forces and coordinate their efforts in pursuit of independence and PAFMECA was born.[1][4]

One of the main subjects discussed was the existence of the colonial Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, also known as the Central African Federation (composed of Nyasaland, Northern Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia), in the context of the African liberation struggle.[1][4]

The leaders feared that the continued existence of the white-dominated federation would perpetuate imperial domination of the region and lead to the creation of another South Africa which during that time and until the early nineties was under absolute white control.

PAFMECA was Pan-Africanist in outlook and played a major role in the formation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in May 1963.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Biswaro, Joram Mukama, The Quest for Regional Integration in the Twenty First Century: Rhetoric Versus Reality: a Comparative Study, African Books Collective (2012), p. 302, ISBN 9789987081561 (retrieved 6 December 2018).
  2. ^ a b Mwakikagile, Godfrey, The Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar: Formation of Tanzania and its Challenges, Intercontinental Books (2016), p. 23, ISBN 9789987160464 (retrieved 6 December 2018).
  3. ^ Vaughan, Chris (2019). "The Politics of Regionalism and Federation in East Africa, 1958-1946" (PDF). The Historical Journal. 62 (2): 519–540. doi:10.1017/S0018246X18000407. ISSN 0018-246X. S2CID 158221888.
  4. ^ a b c d "Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and Central Africa (PAFMECA)". International Organization. 16 (2): 446–448. 1962. doi:10.1017/S002081830001122X. ISSN 1531-5088. S2CID 249407191.
  5. ^ Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and Central Africa (PAFMECA), International Organization, Vol. 16, No. 2, Africa and International Organization (Spring, 1962), pp. 446–448, University of Wisconsin Press in JSTOR (retrieved 6 December 2018).
  6. ^ a b Boyce Davies, Carole, Encyclopedia of the African Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture Volume 2, ABC-CLIO (2008), p. 408, ISBN 9781851097005 (retrieved 6 December 2018).
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