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((Redirect|Paramarine|the naval architecture software|Qinetiq))
((Other uses|1st Parachute Battalion (disambiguation)((!))1st Parachute Battalion))
((More citations needed|date=August 2015))

((Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Paramarines
| native_name =
| image = 1st Marine Parachute Regiment.svg
| image_size = 150px
| alt =
| caption = 1st Marine Parachute Regiment insignia
| dates = October 26, 1940 – February 29, 1944
| country = ((Flag|United States|1912))
| allegiance =
| branch = ((Flag|United States Marine Corps))
| type = [[Airborne forces]]
| role = Airfield seizure<br />[[Amphibious warfare]]<br />[[Close-quarters combat]]<br />[[Direct action (military)|Direct action]]<br />[[Forward observer]]<br />[[Indirect fire]]<br />[[Jungle warfare]]<br />[[Long-range penetration]]<br />[[Mountain warfare]]<br />[[Parachuting]]<br />[[Patrolling]]<br />[[Raid (military)|Raiding]]<br />[[Reconnaissance]]<br />[[Special reconnaissance]]<br />[[Tracking (Scouting)|Tracking]]
| size = Regiment
| command_structure =
| garrison =
| garrison_label =
| nickname =
| patron =
| motto =
| colors = <!-- or | colours = -->
| colors_label = <!-- or | colours_label = -->
| march =
| mascot =
| anniversaries =
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| battles = '''[[World War II]]'''
* [[Guadalcanal campaign]]
** [[Battle of Tulagi and Gavutu–Tanambogo]]
** [[Battle of Edson's Ridge]]
* [[Solomon Islands campaign]]
** [[Raid on Choiseul]]
** [[Bougainville campaign]]
*** [[Raid on Koiari]]
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
| battle_honours_label =
| disbanded = 1944
| flying_hours =
| website =
<!-- Commanders -->
| current_commander =
| commander1 =
| commander1_label =
| commander2 =
| commander2_label =
| commander3 =
| notable_commanders = [[Victor H. Krulak]]<br/>[[Robert H. Williams (USMC)|Robert H. Williams]]
<!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_label =
| identification_symbol_2 =
| identification_symbol_2_label =
<!-- Aircraft -->
| aircraft_attack =
| aircraft_bomber =
| aircraft_electronic =
| aircraft_fighter =
| aircraft_interceptor =
| aircraft_patrol =
| aircraft_recon =
| aircraft_trainer =
| aircraft_transport =
| aircraft_tanker =
| aircraft_general =
))
[[File:Parachute marine in training.jpg|thumb|upright|Paramarine in training at NAS Lakehurst in 1942]]
The '''Paramarines''' (also known as '''Marine paratroopers''') was a short-lived specialized combat unit of the [[United States Marine Corps]], trained to be paratroopers dropped from planes by parachute. Marine parachute training which began in New Jersey in October 1940 ended with the parachute units being disbanded at [[Camp Pendleton, California]] in February 1944. Paratroopers received a significantly increased salary after completing training, so there was no shortage of volunteers, although all were required to be unmarried. Standards of fitness were high, and 40% failed the training course.

==History==
[[File:R4D Marine Paras NAN1-1-44.jpg|thumb|Marines make a high-altitude jump from a [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|Douglas R4D]], in late 1943]]
The first cohort of Marines paratroopers trained at [[Naval Air Engineering Station Lakehurst|NAS Lakehurst]] in [[New Jersey]] in October 1940, eventually becoming the 1st Marine Parachute Battalion.  They were followed by a second group in December 1940, forming the 2nd Marine Parachute Battalion. A third class trained at [[Camp Kearny]] in [[San Diego, California]] in early 1941, eventually forming the 3rd Marine Parachute Battalion. After the [[United States]] entered [[World War II]], the training program was stepped up, and a special training camp and parachute training school was opened temporarily at [[Camp Elliott]] in San Diego in May 1942, next to Camp Kearny, moving to purpose-built accommodation nearby at [[Gillespie Field|Camp Gillespie]] in September 1942. A second training camp and parachute training school opened at [[Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune|Hadnot Point]] on the [[New River (North Carolina)|New River]] in [[North Carolina]] in June 1942, but closed in July 1943.

The Marine parachute battalion was organised into three rifle companies and a headquarters company consisting of the headquarters elements and a demolition platoon.  Each rifle company consisted of three rifle platoons with each platoon equipped with rifles, light machine guns and a 60mm mortar.<ref>p. 83 Salecker, Gene Eric ''Blossoming Silk Against the Rising Sun: U.S. and Japanese Paratroopers at War in the Pacific in World War II' Stackpole Books, 17 Aug. 2010</ref>

The '''1st Parachute Battalion''' was attached to the [[1st Marine Division (United States)|1st Marine Division]] for the [[Guadalcanal Campaign|invasion]] of [[Guadalcanal]]. The unit departed [[Norfolk, Virginia]] on 10 June 1942 aboard the stores ship ((USS|Mizar|AF-12|6)) arriving at [[Wellington, New Zealand]] 11 July 1942.<ref>((cite book |last=Updegraph |first=Charles L. Jr. |year=1972 |title=U.S. Marine Corps Special Units of World War II |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps |page=39 |url=https://www.marines.mil/Portals/1/Publications/Special%20Marine%20Corps%20Units%20of%20World%20War%20II%20%20PCN%2019000413200.pdf |access-date=27 July 2021))</ref> On 7 August 1942 the unit conducted an [[Battle of Tulagi and Gavutu–Tanambogo#Battle of Gavutu–Tanambogo|amphibious assault]] on the small island of [[Gavutu]] and later seized the neighboring island of [[Tanambogo]] along with other Marine units.  The battalion later moved to Guadalcanal, fighting alongside the 1st [[Marine Raiders]] in the Tasimboko raid and the [[Battle of Edson's Ridge]].  The high casualties suffered by the Marine paratroopers led the battalion to be withdrawn to Camp Kiser in [[La Tontouta International Airport|Tontouta]], [[New Caledonia]] in September.

Prior to the [[Landings at Cape Torokina|main landing]] on [[Bougainville Island|Bougainville]], where both the '''1st''' and '''3rd Parachute Battalions''' would eventually see action, the '''2nd Parachute Battalion''' performed [[Raid on Choiseul|a diversionary raid]] on [[Choiseul Island]], from October 27 - November 4, 1943.

The three parachute battalions, with approximately 3,000 members, had become the 1st Marine Parachute Regiment of the [[I Marine Amphibious Corps]]. Four parachute operations were planned but never executed:<ref>Rottman, Gordon L. (2007). ''US Airborne Units in the Pacific Theater 1942–45''. Osprey Publishing. p. 52.</ref>

* Capturing Villa airfield on [[Kolombangara]] as part of [[Operation Cartwheel]] to support the [[New Georgia]] campaign in July 1943
* Capturing the [[Kahili Airfield|Kahili]] and Kara airfields on [[Bougainville Island|Bougainville]] in September 1943
* Capturing [[Kavieng]] in [[New Britain]] in April 1944
* Capturing a Japanese [[seaplane]] base at [[Rekata Bay]], [[Santa Isabel Island]] (but the Japanese evacuated the base in September 1943)

However, the need for and cost of a parachute corps in the Marines was questioned, as were other specialized elite units, such as the [[Marine Raiders]].  The Marine Corps also lacked the [[Military transport aircraft|transport aircraft]] required for a massed parachute drop. On 30 December 1943, [[Commandant of the United States Marine Corps|Marine Commandant]] [[Thomas Holcomb]] ordered the 1st Marine Parachute Regiment to be disbanded, and along with the Marine Raider units, it officially ceased to exist on 29 February 1944.

Apart from a small group including [[Peter Julien Ortiz]] who were parachuted into [[German occupation of France during World War II|France]] as part of an [[Office of Strategic Services]] team to support the [[French Resistance]], the Paramarines never dropped by parachute into combat, but were utilized during beach [[Raid (military)|raids]] in the [[Pacific Ocean theater of World War II|Pacific campaign]], including at [[Battle of Guadalcanal|Guadalcanal]]. Paramarines at San Diego were transferred to the [[5th Marine Division (United States)|5th Marine Division]] which landed on [[Battle of Iwo Jima|Iwo Jima]] on February 19, 1945. Former Paramarines, Cpl. [[Harlon H. Block]] and Pfc. [[Ira H. Hayes]], assisted in the [[Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima|raising of the American flag]] on [[Mount Suribachi]] on 23 February 1945, depicted in [[Joe Rosenthal]]'s iconic photograph. A third former Paramarine, Sgt. [[Henry O. Hansen|Henry O. "Hank" Hansen]], had participated in the first  American flag-raising earlier that day. Four of the 82 Marine [[Medal of Honor]] recipients in [[World War II]] were former Paramarines who were awarded the medal for their heroic actions on Iwo Jima.

==Modern day==
The modern-day U.S. Marine Corps does not maintain any exclusively dedicated parachute infantry units, though some elite formations are trained and capable of parachute jumps if needed. Ever since the disbanding of the 1st Parachute Regiment in 1944, Marines and sailors have continued to volunteer for paratrooper training at Fort Benning, Georgia. Once a Marine has completed [[United States Army Airborne School]], they are authorized to wear the coveted "[[Parachutist Badge (United States)|Jump Wings]]" on their [[Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform|camouflage utilities]] while in garrison. Marines who are awarded the gold [[Parachutist Badge (United States)|Navy & Marine Corps Parachutist Badge]] often do so as part of their [[List of United States Marine Corps MOS|MOS]]/[[billet]] training, such as [[MARSOC]], [[United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance|Force Reconnaissance]], [[Radio Reconnaissance Platoon]], [[Bomb disposal|EOD]], 3rd, 4th, and 6th [[Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company|ANGLICO]], [[Joint terminal attack controller|JTAC]], [[Parachute rigger]], or as part of a reenlistment incentive.

== United States Marine Corps parachute team ==
The only official U.S. Marine Corps sport parachute team began in January 1965 and retired in July 1965, when the same personnel became the men's US Parachute Team at the Adriatic Cup in [[Portoroz]], Yugoslavia.

Team members were Robert Mathews, Dick Myron, Dave Becker, Tom Dougher, Ed Mikelaitis, Andre Smith, John Freitas, and Bob Armstrong.  Captain Mathews was team captain, the others were [[Non-commissioned officer|NCOs]].  Major Wilbur Dinegar was team leader. Sergeant Jim Vance was team rigger.  Daryl Henry was team coach, recommended by [[Parachuting|parachutist]] [[Jacques-André Istel]].

The team was billeted at [[El Toro MCAS]] in California and jumped at Elsinore, Oceanside and El Centro, depending upon weather, having a brace of [[Sikorsky H-34|H-34s]] and an equipment truck at its disposal.  The team represented the U.S. at the CISM games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in April, where they won the overall gold medal.

The team then disbanded, but was resurrected two months later to compete against the [[United States Army Parachute Team|U.S. Army Parachute Team]] to determine who would represent the United States at the 1965 Adriatic Cup.  The Marines won, were designated the U.S. Men's Team, and competed at Portoroz.  They made a respectable showing, although the competition was stiffer than in Rio with the [[Eastern Bloc]] teams dominating the meet.((Citation needed|date=November 2015))

At the end of July, the team officially disbanded and all personnel returned to their duty stations, which in many cases included postings to Vietnam.

==See also==

* [[List of United States Marine Corps battalions]]
* [[Former United States special operations units]]
* [[Paratrooper]]
* [[Japanese marine paratroopers of World War II|Rikusentai]], the Japanese equivalent of the Paramarines

==Notes==
((reflist))

==References==
; Bibliography
((Refbegin))
* ((cite book|last=Hoffman|first=Lieutenant Colonel Jon T.|title=Silk Chutes and Hard Fighting - USMC Parachute Units in WWII  |publisher=[[United States Marine Corps History Division|Historical Division]], United States Marine Corps|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|year=1999|id=PCN 19000314700|url=http://www.marines.mil/news/publications/Pages/SILK%20CHUTES%20AND%20HARD%20FIGHTING%20-%20USMC%20PARACHUTE%20UNITS%20IN%20WW%20II.aspx|access-date=2008-12-12))
* ((cite book|url=http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/PDF_Files/Pubs/USMC%20Parachute%20Units.PDF|title=United States Marine Corps Parachute Units|first=Maj John H.|last=Johnstone|year=1961|publisher=Historical Branch, United States Marine Corps|location=Washington, D.C.|series=Marine Corps Historical Series|volume=Number 32|access-date=2011-03-26))
((Refend))

; Web
((Refbegin))
* [http://www.militarymuseum.org/MCAAFGillespie.html Marine Corps Auxiliary Air Facility, Gillespie], from California State Military Museum
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070313090759/http://www.hotmcl.org/PARAMARINES.html ParaMarines]
((Refend))

((US Marine Corps navbox))

[[Category:Airborne units and formations]]
[[Category:Inactive units of the United States Marine Corps]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1944]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1940]]
[[Category:Paramarines| ]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps in World War II]]

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