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((short description|1180 Old French poem))
((More citations needed|date=January 2021))
((italic title))
'''''Partonopeus de Blois''''' is a long poem in the [[chivalric romance]] genre written in [[Old French]] in the 1170s or 1180s.<ref>[http://www.hrionline.ac.uk/partonopeus/generalintroduction.htm Introduction to ''Partonopeus de Blois''] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003452/http://www.hrionline.ac.uk/partonopeus/generalintroduction.htm |date=2015-05-05 )) at Humanities Research Institute at University of Sheffield (website also has the full text of the poem). Concerning the dating of the poem: "One view is that it was first written around 1170, while another is that it dates from the mid 1180s. This question of dating is bound up with another, namely whether ''Partonopeus'' influenced the work of the most famous writer of Old French romance, Chrétien de Troyes, or the other way around." In either case, it is widely accepted nowadays that the poem was completed at or before 1188.</ref> Its author is unknown, but some scholarly studies indicate [[Denis Pyramus]].

==Plot==

Partonopeus is represented as having lived in the days of [[Clovis I|Clovis, king of France]]. He is seized while hunting in the [[Ardennes]], and carried off to a mysterious castle with invisible inhabitants. Melior, empress of [[Constantinople]], comes to him at night, stipulating that he must not attempt to see her for two and a half years. After successfully fighting against the Saracens, led by Sornegur, king of Denmark, he returns to the castle, armed with an enchanted lantern that breaks the spell. The consequent misfortunes have a happy ending.

The tale had a continuation giving the adventures of Fursin or Anselet, the nephew of Sornegur.

==Analogues==
The tale is in essence a variant of the legend of [[Cupid and Psyche]].<ref>"10.Zwei Parallelen zum Psychemärchen." In: Zinzow, Adolf. ''[https://archive.org/details/psycheunderosei00zinzgoog/page/n343/mode/2up Psyche und Eros: ein milesisches märchen in der darstellung und auffassung des Apulejus beleuchtet und auf seinen mythologischen zusammenhang, gehalt und ursprung zurückgeführt]''. Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses. 1888. pp. 306-321.</ref> The name Partonopeus (or Partonopex) is generally assumed to be a corruption of [[Parthenopaeus]], one of the [[Seven against Thebes]], but it has been suggested that the word might be linked to Partenay, due to the points of similarity between this story and the legend of [[Melusine]] (see [[Jean d'Arras]]) attached to the house of [[Lusignan]], as the lords of these two places were connected. The story has also been compared with the [[King Arthur|Arthurian]] story of ''[[Le Bel Inconnu]]''.

The romance, or a subsequent version of it, was translated into Old Norse as ''[[Partalopa saga|Partalópa saga]]''.

==References==
((reflist))
*((1911|wstitle=Partonopeus de Blois|volume=20|page=876))

==Bibliography==

*Edition by G. A. Crapelet, with an introduction by A. C. M. Robert, as ''Partonopeus de Blois'' (2 vols., 1834). [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6554115t Vol. 1], [[Gallica]].
* English ''Partonope of Blois'', by W. E. Buckley for the [[Roxburghe Club]] (London, 1862), and another fragment for the same learned society in 1873
* German ''Partono pier und Melior of Konrad von Wurzburg'' by K. Bartsch (Vienna, 1871)
* ''Icelandic Partalpa saga'' by O. Klockhoff in ''Upsala Universities Arsskrift'' for 1887.
* H. L. Ward, ''Catalogue of Romances'', (i. 689ff)
* [[Eugen Kölbing]], ''Die verschiedenen Gestaltungen der Partonopeus-Sage'', in German. Stud. (vol. ii., Vienna, 1875), in which the Icelandic version is compared with the Danish poem ''Persenober'' and the Spanish prose ''IIiitoria del conde Partinobles''
* E. Pfeiffer," Über die MSS des Part. de Blois" in Stengels Ausg. in ''Abh. vom phil.'' (No. 25, Marburg, 1885).

==Further reading==
* Brown, Thomas H. "The Relationship Between "Partonopeus De Blois" and the Cupid and Psyche Tradition". In: ''Brigham Young University Studies'' 5, no. 3/4 (1964): 193-202. www.jstor.org/stable/43040140.
* Cupane, Carolina. “Intercultural Encounters in the Late Byzantine Vernacular Romance”. In: ''Reading the Late Byzantine Romance: A Handbook''. Edited by Adam J. Goldwyn and Ingela Nilsson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. pp. 40-68. doi:10.1017/9781108163767.003.
* McBride, Melanie. 2018. “Covert Ops: Female Empowerment in the Twelfth-Century French Partonopeu de Blois.” ''Pacific Coast Philology'' 53 (1): 5–22.
* Uri, S.P. "Some remarks on Partonopeus de Blois". In: ''Neophilologus'' 37 (1953): 83–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01514403

==External links==
* [http://www.hrionline.ac.uk/partonopeus/ An online edition] ((Dead link|date=March 2023))
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4120k.r=Partonopeus+de+Blois.langES gallica.bnf.fr]

((DEFAULTSORT:De Blois, Partonopeus))
[[Category:Medieval literature]]
[[Category:Male characters in literature]]
[[Category:Works of unknown authorship]]

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