Pat Arrowsmith
Born
Margaret P. Arrowsmith

(1930-03-02)2 March 1930
Leamington Spa, England
Died27 September 2023(2023-09-27) (aged 93)
London, England
Alma mater
Occupations
  • Author
  • peace campaigner
Known forCo-founder of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

Margaret P. Arrowsmith (2 March 1930 – 27 September 2023) was a British author and peace campaigner.[1][2] She was a co-founder of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) in 1957.

Early life

Margaret P. Arrowsmith was born on 2 March 1930,[3][4] into a family in Leamington Spa as the youngest of three children.[5][6] Her mother was Margaret Vera Arrowsmith (née Kingham) and her father Reverend G. E. Arrowsmith.[7]

In 1939, the family moved to Torquay, where Arrowsmith studied at Stover School, before transferring to Cheltenham Ladies College in September 1944. She read history at Newnham College, Cambridge,[8] and then read social science at the University of Liverpool and at Ohio University as a US–UK Fulbright Scholar.[9]

Campaigning activities

Arrowsmith was a peace campaigner and worked to campaign for nuclear disarmament, an end to the Vietnam War, the removal of British troops from Northern Ireland, an end to the Gulf War, and feminist and lesbian issues.[10]

Peace campaigning

Arrowsmith was a co-founder of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and was one of its vice-presidents.[11] She was one of the organisers of the first Aldermaston march.[12] She was also one of the original signatories of the Committee of 100. From 1958 onward, she served eleven prison sentences for her political activities.[5] In 1961, she was the subject of parliamentary questions after she was force-fed while on hunger strike in Gateside prison.[13] She also worked for the human-rights organisation Amnesty International for 24 years up to 1994,[5] and was the organisation's first prisoner of conscience in Britain.[14]

1974 conviction for incitement

In 1974, Arrowsmith was convicted of offences against sections 1 and 2 of the Incitement to Disaffection Act 1934, and sentenced to 18 months in prison for having handed out leaflets at a British army base, urging soldiers to refuse to serve in Northern Ireland.[15]

Escape from prison

On 7 September 1974, Arrowsmith absconded from Askham Grange open prison. After walking out from prison, Arrowsmith spoke at an anti-fascist demonstration in Hyde Park and befriended lesbian and gay attendees. In an interview with the 5 Cally Road research project, Nettie Pollard (a member of the Gay Liberation Front), recalled Arrowsmith saying to LGBT protestors, "Well, why don't we go to Housmans?" The group took sanctuary at the 5 Caledonian Road premises shared by the radical bookshop Housmans and the pacifist newspaper Peace News. Upon arrival, the group contacted The Press Association to say: "There's a fugitive at Housmans, 5 Caledonian Road." Their photographs appeared on the front page of The Sunday Telegraph. When arresting officers appeared at the scene, Arrowsmith refused to walk downstairs and was carried down three flights of stairs.[16][17][18]

Appeal

In 1975, the Court of Appeal dismissed her appeal, describing her conduct as "mischievous" and "wicked". However, it upheld her appeal against the sentence, reducing it so that she would be immediately released.[19]

Arrowsmith filed a case against the United Kingdom (Arrowsmith v. United Kingdom) in the European Commission of Human Rights, claiming her conviction violated the European Convention on Human Rights' protections of her rights to liberty and freedom of belief and expression. In 1978, the Commission found her conviction "a necessary restriction on the exercise of free speech in the interests of national security and for the prevention of disorder", and so did not violate the Convention.[20]

Running for Parliament

Arrowsmith was an unsuccessful candidate of the Radical Alliance, a CND splinter group, for Fulham in the 1966 and 1970 general elections.[4]

Arrowsmith stood as an Independent Socialist candidate, campaigning for Troops Out of Northern Ireland and supported by the Trotskyist Socialist Unity party against the then Prime Minister, James Callaghan, in his constituency of Cardiff South-East in the parliamentary general election of 1979.[21] During Callaghan's customary acceptance speech on re-election, Arrowsmith carried on sustained heckling. Callaghan, in response to the heckling, remarked that it was the first time he had "conducted a duet in returning a vote of thanks, and that it was not a particularly tuneful duet."[22] He then suggested that Arrowsmith might be invited to take the platform, which she did, while he, his supporters, all the other candidates and the returning officer left the hall. However, her short speech was broadcast on the BBC. It demanded a withdrawal of British troops from Northern Ireland and self-determination for its people.[23][24][25]

Personal life

Arrowsmith was involved in a personal relationship with a fellow peace campaigner, Wendy Butlin,[10] who was also one of the original signatories for the Committee of 100. Ineligible to qualify for her father's inheritance unless she were married to a man, Arrowsmith married poet Donald Gardner for one day, before having the marriage annulled. She then donated some of the money to various political causes, including Gay Pride Week 1979.[5][26][9]

Arrowsmith died on 27 September 2023, aged 93.[27][28]

Publications

Arrowsmith published several novels and works of poetry.[6][29] Her archive and personal papers are held at the LSE Library in London.[9]

Novels

Memoirs

Poetry

Non-fiction

See also

References

  1. ^ "Book Review of 'Somewhere Like This'". Trash Fiction. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  2. ^ Goff, Hannah (7 April 2004). "Peace campaigners return to Aldermaston". BBC News. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  3. ^ "Margaret P. Arrowsmith". FreeBMD. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  4. ^ a b Thomas, Tobi (29 September 2023). "CND co-founder Pat Arrowsmith dies aged 93". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d Julia Bindel: "No time for battle fatigue" The Guardian, 30 April 2008. Retrieved 6 November 2016
  6. ^ a b Pat Arrowsmith Archived 6 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Orlando Project. Retrieved 6 November 2016
  7. ^ "ARROWSMITH/39 – Family papers, including items relating to Pat Arrowsmith's parents". LSE Library. London School of Economics. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  8. ^ Hamer, Emily (6 October 2016). Britannia's Glory: A History of Twentieth Century Lesbians. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 146. ISBN 978-1-4742-9280-1 – via Google Books.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "ARROWSMITH/32 – Personal papers, 1940s–2000s (including papers regarding her education and employment, 1940s–60s)". LSE Library. London School of Economics. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  10. ^ a b "Arrowsmith; Pat (1930–); pacifist, poet and artist". LSE Library. London School of Economics. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  11. ^ "List of council members 2018 – 2019". Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.
  12. ^ "60 Faces: Pat Arrowsmith". Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.
  13. ^ "Hansard 24 October 1961". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 24 October 1961. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  14. ^ "Amnesty International Newsletter" (PDF). Amnesty International. April 1974.
  15. ^ Grant, Larry (September 1974). "Incitement to disaffection". Index on Censorship. 3 (3): 3–9. doi:10.1080/03064227408532340. ISSN 0306-4220. S2CID 145116719.
  16. ^ "5 Cally Road". 5 Cally Road. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  17. ^ "JAIL-BREAK PAT AT DEMO". The People. 8 September 1974. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  18. ^ "Pacifist Held". Birmingham Daily Post. 9 September 1974. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  19. ^ R v Arrowsmith [1975] QB 678.
  20. ^ Barendt, E. M. (1981). "Arrowsmith v The United Kingdom". Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 1 (2): 279–284. doi:10.1093/ojls/1.2.279. ISSN 0143-6503. JSTOR 764461.
  21. ^ The Times Guide to the House of Commons 1979 (Times Books 1979)ISBN 0 7230 0225 8.
  22. ^ Coverage of election result on BBC Decision 79.
  23. ^ "Pat Arrowsmith, a Troops Out campaigner, heckles PM Jim Callaghan". BBC. 3 May 1979. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2019 – via YouTube.
  24. ^ McMahon, Tony (14 April 2013). "James Callaghan heckled by Pat Arrowsmith". The 70s 80s 90s Blog. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  25. ^ Sorene, Paul (29 March 2015). "Pat Arrowsmith: Heckling James Callaghan from The Anti-Nuclear Fringe in 1979". Flashbak.com. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  26. ^ "Lesbian icons: Pat Arrowsmith". Velvet-Club.com. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  27. ^ "CND". 29 September 2023.
  28. ^ Pat Arrowsmith, British peace activist and author, dies at 93
  29. ^ a b c d e f Pat Arrowsmith British Library. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
  30. ^ a b c Sage, Lorna (30 September 1999). The Cambridge Guide to Women's Writing in English. Cambridge University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-521-66813-2. Retrieved 29 September 2023.

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