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((short description|Valley surrounding the Patapsco River in the U.S. state of Maryland))
((More citations needed|date=August 2016))
((Infobox valley
| name = Patapsco Valley
| other_name = Patapsco River Valley
| photo = McKeldin Rapids 46.JPG
| photo_width =
| photo_caption = McKeldin Rapids, McKeldin Recreation Area
| photo_alt = 
| map = Maryland
| map_width = 300
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = Location of the Patapsco Valley in Maryland
| label = 
| label_position =
| coordinates = ((coord|39.29|N|76.78|W|type:landmark|format=dms|display=inline,title))
| coordinates_ref =
| location = [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland|Anne Arundel County]], [[Baltimore County, Maryland|Baltimore County]], [[Howard County, Maryland|Howard County]], [[Carroll County, Maryland|Carroll County]], [[Maryland]]
| elevation = 260| elevation_m = | elevation_ft = 260
| elevation_ref =
| direction = North-South
| length = ((convert|39|mi|km))
| width = 
| area =
| depth = 
| type = 
| age =
| boundaries = [[Elkridge Landing]](south)<br>[[Liberty Reservoir]] (north) 
| topo =
| towns = [[Brooklyn Park, Maryland|Brooklyn Park]]<br/>[[Catonsville, Maryland|Catonsville]]<br>[[Ellicott City, Maryland|Ellicott City]]<br>[[Elkridge, Maryland|Elkridge]]<br>[[Lansdowne, Maryland|Lansdowne]]<br/>[[Linthicum, Maryland|Linthicum]]<br/>[[Marriottsville, Maryland|Marriottsville]]<br>[[Daniels, Maryland|Daniels]]<br>[[Hanover, Maryland|Hanover]]<br/>[[Sykesville, Maryland|Sykesville]]<br/>[[Woodbine, Maryland|Woodbine]]<br/>[[Woodstock, Maryland|Woodstock]]
| traversed = [[Interstate 70 in Maryland|Interstate 70]]<br/>[[Interstate 95 in Maryland|Interstate 95]]<br/>[[Interstate 195 (Maryland)|Metropolitan Boulevard (I-195)]]<br/>[[Interstate 895 (Maryland)|Harbor Tunnel Thruway (I-895)]]<br/>[[Maryland Route 648|Annapolis Road]] (MD 648)<br/>[[Maryland Route 170|Belle Grove Road]] (MD 170)<br/>[[Maryland Route 144|Frederick Road]] (MD 144)<br>[[U.S. Route 40 in Maryland|US Route 40]]<br>[[Maryland Route 168|Nursery Road]]<br/>[[Maryland Route 166|Rolling Road]] (MD 166)<br>[[Old Court Road]] (MD 125)<br>[[Maryland Route 103|Montgomery Road]]<br/>[[Maryland Route 97|Old Washington Road]] (MD 97)<br/>[[Maryland Route 32|Sykesville Road]] (MD 32)<br/>[[Maryland Route 94|Woodbine Road]] (MD 94)
| embed =
))

The '''Patapsco Valley''' is a small [[valley]] surrounding the [[Patapsco River]] in central [[Maryland]]. The region is known for its historical significance as a major economic and industrial center in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

==Geography==
[[File:Patapsco Valley Watershed Map.png|thumb|left|Patapsco Valley Watershed Map]]The Patapsco Valley follows the [[Patapsco River]], a major river flowing into the [[Chesapeake Bay]]. The valley is mostly wooded with various steep elevations as the valley travels north. The valley begins in [[Elkridge Landing]] and runs north through a number of mill town communities until the river splits into two segments. [[Liberty Reservoir|Liberty Dam]] and its reservoir, located on the North Branch, is a major component of the Baltimore city water system.<ref>((cite web|publisher=[[Baltimore County, Maryland|Baltimore County Department of Environmental Protection and Resource Management]]|location=[[Towson, Maryland]]|url=http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/Agencies/environment/watersheds/ep_patapmain.html|title=Patapsco River Watershed|date=August 7, 2017|access-date=April 17, 2018))</ref> Besides Baltimore, the river also flows past [[Ellicott City, Maryland|Ellicott City]] (the county seat of Howard County) and [[Elkridge, Maryland|Elkridge]]. The South Branch of the river flows east from its source in [[Marriottsville, Maryland]].

[[Patapsco Valley State Park]] is adjacent to ((convert|32|mi|km|0)) of the Patapsco and its branches, encompassing a total of ((convert|14000|acre)) in five different areas. The river cuts a gorge 100–200 feet (35–70 m) deep within the park, which features rocky cliffs and tributary waterfalls.

The valley contains the communities of [[Catonsville, Maryland|Catonsville]], [[Ellicott City, Maryland|Ellicott City]], [[Elkridge, Maryland|Elkridge]], [[Woodstock, Maryland|Woodstock]], [[Daniels, Maryland|Daniels]], [[Hanover, Maryland|Hanover]], and many others.

The valley is drained by the [[Patapsco River]] and its tributaries.

== History ==
[[File:Ellicott City, Maryland (7391807448).jpg|thumb|left|View of the valley from Ellicott City]]
[[John Smith of Jamestown|John Smith]] was the first European to explore the river noting it on his 1612 map as the Bolus River.  The "Red river", was named after the clay color, and is considered the "old Bolus", as other branches were also labelled Bolus on maps.<ref>((cite book|title=The Chronicles of Baltimore: Being a Complete History of Baltimore Town and Baltimore City from the Earliest Period to the Present Time|first1=John Thomas|last1=Scharf|page=[https://archive.org/details/chroniclesbalti01schagoog/page/n20 8]|date=1874|publisher=Turnbull Bros.|location=Baltimore|isbn=9781375705332|url=https://archive.org/details/chroniclesbalti01schagoog|quote=Bolus.|accessdate=April 17, 2018))</ref>  As the river was not navigable beyond Elkridge, it was not a major path of commerce with only one ship listed as serving the northern branch, and four others operating around the mouth in 1723.<ref>((cite book|title=The Chronicles of Baltimore: Being a Complete History of Baltimore Town and Baltimore City from the Earliest Period to the Present Time|first1=John Thomas|last1=Scharf|page=[https://archive.org/details/chroniclesbalti01schagoog/page/n30 18]|date=1874|publisher=Turnbull Bros.|location=Baltimore|isbn=9781375705332|url=https://archive.org/details/chroniclesbalti01schagoog|quote=Northern Branch.|accessdate=April 17, 2018))</ref> The Patapsco valley was used as the route of the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]]'s [[Old Main Line Subdivision|original main line]] west constructed from 1829 onwards, and this route remains, though much altered. Many old railroad bridges were constructed in the valley, most notably the [[Thomas Viaduct]] and the [[Patterson Viaduct]], of which ruins remain.  Flour mills and a [[Bloede dam|hydropower dam]] were formerly powered by the river.

The valley is prone to flooding, though at long intervals. Modern floods include one in 1868 that washed away 14 houses killing 39 around Ellicott City. A 1923 flood topped bridges. In 1952 an eight-foot wall of water swept the shops of Ellicott City and a 1956 flood inflicted heavy damage at the [[Thistle Manufacturing Company|Bartigis Brothers plant]].<ref>((cite news|newspaper=The Times (Ellicott City)|date=31 March 1965|title=The Patapsco River Creator-Destroyer))</ref> In 1972, Ellicott City and the Old Main Line railroad sustained serious damage as a result of rainfall from the remnants of [[Hurricane Agnes]].

During the 2010s, Ellicott City was impacted by two significant flood events in [[2016 Maryland flood|2016]] and [[2018 Maryland flood|2018]]. These flood events were also due to significant rainfall, in which stormwater overflowed from the Tiber River and Hudson Branch tributaries of the Patapsco River. Due to much of [[Maryland Route 144|Main Street]] being built on top of the natural course of the Tiber River, the stormwater was forced to exit via the Main Street channel into the Patapsco during both storms. Many in the community cite the high amount of [[impervious surface]] and overdevelopment throughout greater Ellicott City to be a contributing issue to these types of floods.<ref>((cite news|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/howard/ellicott-city/ph-ho-cf-weinstein-flood-development-moratium-0915-20160908-story.html|title=Ellicott City flood prompts call for nine-month freeze on development|first=Fatimah|last=Waseem|work=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|date=September 12, 2016|access-date=May 28, 2018))</ref>

The mouth of the Patapsco River forms Baltimore harbor, the site of the [[Battle of Baltimore]] during the [[War of 1812]].  This is where [[Francis Scott Key]], while aboard a British ship, wrote "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]," a poem later set to music as the national anthem of the United States. Today, a red, white, and blue buoy marks the spot where ((HMS|Tonnant|1798|6)) was anchored.

==Wildlife==
Patapsco Valley is considered to be a major hub for wildlife in Central Maryland. In fact, it is noted as habitat hub and corridor by the Howard County [[Green infrastructure]] network.<ref>((cite web|title=Howard County Green Infrastructure Network Plan|url=https://www.howardcountymd.gov/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=nibWdWNhzd4%3d&portalid=0|website=Howard County, Maryland > Departments > Planning and Zoning > Conservation and Preservation > Environment|publisher=Howard County, Maryland|date=December 2012))</ref> Conservation efforts have been made to protect this status through preservation easements along the Patapsco Valley State Park interface. The headquarters of the [[Howard County Conservancy]] is located in the upper valley in the town of Woodstock.

The valley is home to typical flora and fauna found in Central Maryland. Numerous sightings of the [[American black bear]] have been reported in the state park and surrounding area. In 2016, the [[Maryland Department of Natural Resources Police]] filmed a sighting in [[Catonsville, Maryland]].<ref>((cite news|first1=Colin |last1=Campbell |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-county/catonsville/bs-md-co-bear-video-20160706-story.html |title=Natural Resources Police present 'National Geographic: Catonsville' with black bear video in Patapsco State Park |newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |date=July 6, 2016 |accessdate=August 2, 2016))</ref>

==See also ==
* [[2016 Maryland flood]]
* [[2018 Maryland flood]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
* [http://patapscoheritagegreenway.org/ Patapsco Heritage Greenway (PHG) official website]

((Patapsco Valley))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Landforms of Maryland]]
[[Category:Patapsco Valley| ]]
[[Category:Valleys of Maryland]]

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